무당거미(Nephila clavata L.KOCH)관장선에 관한 미세구조적 연구

문명진,김우갑 한국거미연구소 1989 한국거미 Vol.5 No.1

미국흰불나방(Hyphantria cunea Drury) 정소(精巢)에 관한 연구 I. 정소(精巢)의 미세구조(微細構造)

문명진,이근옥,김창환,김우갑,Moon, Myung-Jin,Lee, Keun-Ok,Kim, Chang-Whan,Kim, Woo-Kap 한국현미경학회 1988 Applied microscopy Vol.18 No.1

Fine structures of the testis and vas deferens in the fall-web worm, Hyphantria cunea Drury, are studied with electron microscope. Adult worms have single testis close to the midlines of the abdomen. Testis is composed of 4 follicles which are incompletly separated from each other and bounded together by a peritoneal sheath. The peritoneal sheath consisted of outer cuticular layer and two kinds of inner layers, in which glycogen particles are dispersed commonly. These two layers are divided by the morphology of cytoplasmic granules. Follicular epithelium forming the wall of the follicles have melanin pigment granules, and trachea or tracheoles are extended through this epithelium. In the cysts of adult testis, matured spermatozoa are grouped together in bundles and after releasing the sperm bundles to the vas deferens, lamellar shaped lysosomes appeared in the cytoplasms of the cyst cells. The number of spermatozoa per cyst is exactly 256 ($2^8$), this number is characteristics of the Lepidoperan species. Vas deferens is a tube with a fairly thick bounding epithelium, a basement membrane and a layer of circular muscle outside it. At the apical portion of the epithelial cells, microvilli are well developed. And in the cytoplasms of these cells, numerous excretory granules are observed.

차세대 시퀀싱으로 생성된 페어드 엔드 리드를 이용한 CNV 발견 기법

문명진,박상현,박치현,안재균,윤영미 한국정보과학회 2009 데이타베이스 연구 Vol.25 No.3

유전체 단위 반복 변이(Copy Number Variation, 이하 CNV)는 유전체의 구조적 변이 중 하나로, 하나의 개체에서 1Kbps(Kilo base pairs) 이상의 염기 서열의 반복 횟수가 다른 개체에 비해 많거나 적은 것을 뜻한다. CNV는 갖가지 질병과 개체간의 특징 발현에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있기에 CNV를 발견하는 것은 유전자 연구 분야에서 매우 중요하다. 기존에는 CNV를 찾기 위해 마이크로어레이(microarray)를 이용한 기법이 주로 사용되었는데, 이는 마이크로어레이가 갖는 해상도의 제약과 노이즈로 인하여 길이가 긴 CNV를 찾기 어려우며, 오류가 많다는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 차세대 시퀀싱(next-generation sequencing) 기법으로 생성된 짧은 페어드 엔드리드(Paired-end read)들을 이미 밝혀진 염기 서열에 매핑(mapping하고 분석하여 CNV를 찾아내는 새로운 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문이 제안하는 기법은 염기 서열의 베이스 페어(base pair) 단위로 CNV 여부를 판단하므로 마이크로 어레이 기법으로 찾기 힘든 짧은 길이의 CNV까지 찾아낼 수 있다. 실험은 가상 데이터와 실제 데이터를 가지고 수행하였으며, 가상 데이터를 대상으로 한 오류율은 기존의 기법에 비해 낮아졌음을 보였다. 또한, 추가적으로 짧은 리드를 BLAST 대신 Bowtie를 통해 정렬함으로써 속도의 향상을 가져왔다. Copy Number Variation(CNV) is one of the genomic variants, which is caused by either amplification or deletions of DNA segments whose size is greater than 1Kbps. As it is known that CNVs account for a significant proportion of phenotypic variation, including disease susceptibility, identifying and cataloging of CNVs are essential for the genetic analysis of human genome variation. CNVs detected by microarray based approaches are limited to medium or large sized ones because of low resolution and noise of microarray. Here we propose a novel approach to detect CNVs by mapping the short paired-end reads obtained by next-generation sequencing to the previously assembled human genome sequence and analyzing them. This method demonstrates the feasibility of detecting CNVs which include short ones that microarray based algorithms cannot detect, as this method decide whether a region is a CNV or not based on the score of each base pair. The experiment was performed with both synthetic and real data. In the experiment with the synthetic data, false positive and false negative rates of the results were relatively lower than existing method. In addition, application of Bowtie for read-mapping improved speed compared to the existing method, which mapped reads with BLAST.

Microstructure of the silk spigots of the green crab spider Oxytate striatipes (Araneae: Thomisidae)

문명진,안정수 한국곤충학회 2006 Entomological Research Vol.36 No.3

The genus Oxytate L. Koch, 1878 comprises a homogeneous group of nocturnal crab spiders that have silk apparatuses even though they do not spin webs to trap prey. We examined the microstructure of the silk spinning apparatus of the green crab spider Oxytate striatipes, using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The silk glands of the spider were classified into three types: ampullate, pyriform and aciniform. The spigots of these three types of silk gland occur in both sexes. Two pairs of major ampullate glands send secretory ductules to the anterior spinnerets, and another two pairs of minor ampullate glands supply the median spinnerets. In addition, the pyriform glands send ductules to the anterior spinnerets (45 pairs in females and 40 pairs in males), and the aciniform glands feed silk into the median (9-12 pairs in females and 7-10 pairs in males) and the posterior (30pairs in both sexes) spinnerets. The spigot system of O. striatipes is simpler andmore primitive than other wandering spiders: even the female spiders possessneither tubuliform glands for cocoon production nor triad spigots for web-building.

무당거미(Nephila clavata L. Koch) 병상선(甁狀腺)의 미세구조(微細構造) II. 대병상선(大甁狀腺)의 분비낭(分泌囊)과 말단분비부(末端分泌部)

문명진,김창식,김우갑,Moon, Myung-Jin,Kim, Chang-Shik,Kim, Woo-Kap 한국현미경학회 1988 Applied microscopy Vol.18 No.2

The ultrastructure of the sac and tail portion of the large ampullate gland and production of the silk materials in the orb web spider, Nephila clavata L. Koch, are studied with electron microscope. Large ampullate glands, the largest glands among the seven kinds of silk glands in this species, are composed of three parts which are the excretory duct, the storage sac and the convoluted tail. The wall of the sac is composed of a single layer of columnar epithelial cells. In the cytoplasm of these cells several kinds of the secretory granules, which are commonly associated with the rough endoplasmic reticula and had characteristic crystalloid, are seen. According to the morphology and internal textures of these granules, the sac portion is subdivided into proximal(connected with the convoluted tail) and distal(connected with excretory duct) portion. Between these two portions, the proximal portion is longer than the distal by four times. Silk materials, being synthesized to the shape of secretory granules, within the glandular epithelial cell of the tail portion are released to the inner cavity by the mechanism of the eccrine secretion. These secretory granules are originated from the rough endoplasmic reticula of the glandular epithelial cells, whereas no Golgi complexes has been found in any of the cells which have been examined.

무당거미(Nephila clavata L. Koch) 병상선(甁狀腺)의 미세구조(微細構造) I. 대병상선(大甁狀腺)의 분비관(分泌管)

문명진,김창식,김우갑,Moon, Myung-Jin,Kim, Chang-Shik,Kim, Woo-Kap 한국현미경학회 1988 Applied microscopy Vol.18 No.2

The ultrastructure of the excretory duct of the large ampullate gland in the orb web spider, Nephila clavain L. Koch are studied with light and electron microscopes. The excretory ducts of the large ampullate glands connected with the large spinning tubes(spigots) on the anterior spinnerets are basically composed of three superposed types of the layers which are inner cuticles, monolayered epithelial cells and peripheral connective cells. According to the morphological characteristics of the cuticles and internal textures of the epithelial cells, the long excretory ducts are subdivided into three(distal, middle and proximal) portions. Especially, at the distal portion of the ducts near the spinning tubes, the electron lucent subcuticles which had the functions of water removal and orientation of silk fibers are well distributed, whereas at the middle and proximal portions these layers disappeared and instead of these, endocuticles are developed. The endocuticle contains two types of bands, which are electron dense and electron lucent. And along the length of the cuticular stem in the excretory duct, these two alternating bands are twisted spirally. In the cytoplasm of the columnar epithelial cells of the distal portion, rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgj complexes, related to the production of the cuticular materials are well developed. Between the adjacent epithelial cells, specialized septate junctions and desmosomes are formed along the plasma membranes. At the proximal portion of the duct, densely accumulated secretory materials appeared, and these are released to the inner canal by the apocrine secretion.

금붕어(Carassius auratus L.) 피부(皮膚) 색소세포(色素細胞)의 미세구조(微細構造) 및 色素顆粒(색소과립) 형성(形成)에 관한 연구(硏究) I. 황색소세포(黃色素細胞)(xanthophore)

문명진,김우갑,김창환,Moon, Myung-Jin,Kim, Woo-Kap,Kim, Chang-Whan 한국현미경학회 1986 Applied microscopy Vol.16 No.2

Ultrastructures of the cutaneous xanthophores and formation of pigment granules in the goldfish, Carassius auratus L., are studied with electron microscope. The cutaneous xanthophores are observed only in dermis and pigment granules of these pigment cells are pterinosomes and carotenoid vesicles. By the differentiated level, pterinosomes are subdivided into 3 types; while type I pterinosomes have clear limiting membranes and contain some amorphous fine fibrous structures, type II pterinosomes have thick and densely aggregated fibrous materials. Type III pterinosomes have concentric lamellar structures in the granules. Pigment granules of the xanthophores are originated from the Golgi complexes and pinocytotic vesicles of plasma membrane as well as rER-rich cells among the chromatophores are presumed to be associated with the accumulation of pigment materials.

무당거미(Nephila clavata L. Koch) 병상선(甁狀腺)의 미세구조(微細構造) III. 소병상선(小甁狀腺)의 분필관(分泌管)

문명진,김우갑,Moon, Myung-Jin,Kim, Woo-Kap 한국현미경학회 1989 Applied microscopy Vol.19 No.1

Ultrastructure of the excretory duct of the small ampullate gland in the orb web spider, Nephila clavata L. Koch are studied with light and electron microscopes. The small ampullate glands, located near the midline portion of the abdominal cavity, are connected with the spigots(large spinning tubes) on the middle spinnerets and composed of three parts which are the excretory duct, the storage sac and the convoluted tail. The excretory duct of this gland is enclosed by a thin layer of the outer connective tissues. By the morphology of the apical cuticles and internal textures of the epithelial cells, the duct is subdivided into two regions which are proximal duct region near the sac and distal duct region near the spinnerets. At the distal region of the ducts, the subcuticle which had the function of water removal form the progenetive silk material is well developed, whereas at the proximal region this cuticle disappeared and instead of these, endocuticle is developed. Moreover the epithelium of the distal duct region is composed of columnar epithelial cells, but at the proximal region the epithelium is changed to squamous or cuboidal forms. In the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells, rough endoplasmic reticula, Golgi comlexes and large secretory vesicles related to the production of the cuticular materials are well developed. And between the adjacent epithelial cells, specialized septate junction and desmosomes are formed along the plasma membrane.

무당거미(Nephila clavata L. Koch) 병상선(甁狀腺)의 미세구조(微細構造) IV. 소병상선(小甁狀線)의 선분필부(腺分泌部)

문명진,김우갑,Moon, Myung-Jin,Kim, Woo-Kap 한국현미경학회 1989 Applied microscopy Vol.19 No.1

Ultrastructure of the secretory portion of the small ampullate gland in the orb web spider, Nephila clavata, has been investigated using the electron microscope. The secretory portion of this gland comprise two different regions which are a S-shaped storage sac and a long, convoluted tail. By the internal textures of the secretory granules, the sac is subdivided into two regions ; the proximal region near the tail and the distal region near the duct. Commonly single layered connectives cover the basal portion of the sac epithelium, and apical portion of the epithelial cells is occupied by the thick cuticles. Within the epithelial cells of both the proximal and distal region, several types of the secretory granules surrounded by a limiting membrane and had characteristic crystalloid are scattered throughout the cytoplasm. The granular size and its electron densities are not coincide with each other according to the maturation level of the granules. The wall of the tail is composed of single layer of columnar epithelial cells, and their nuclei are found at the basal portion of the cells. Dissimilar to the epithelial cells of the sac, apical cuticles are not found at this portion. In the cytoplasm of these cells, numerous secretory granules, synthesized from the rough endoplasmic reticula commonly and had fine fibrous materials, are found. At the cell surface bordering the lumen, microvilli are seen, arid along the cellular boundaries specialized septate junctions and desmosomes appeared.

무당개구리(Bombina orientalis Boulenger) 피부 점액선의 세포구조 및 점액분비물질의 조직화학적 특성에 관한 연구

문명진,김기영,김우갑 한국통합생물학회 1989 동물학회지 Vol.32 No.3

The histochemical characteristics of the cutaneous mucous glands and its fine structure of the Korean fire bellied toad, Bombina orientolis Boulenger, were studied with light and electron microscopes. The mucous glands of the toad are simple alveolar gland, and are composed of inner glandular epithelial cells and outermost myoepithelial cells. Histochemical studies suggest that main secretory materials released from the mucous glands might be acid mucopolysaccharides which is more abundant in the ventral skin than in the dorsal skin. The scanning electron microscopic observation showed that the morphology of the opening sites of the gland duct is similar to the morphology of stomata on the plant leaves. Glandular epithelial layers of the mucous glands are composed of two cell types, the mucous secreting cells and the mitochondria rich cells. The mucous secreting cells could be classified according to the morphology and inner textures of cytoplasm and those characteristics were seemed to be related to the degree of maturation of the cells. Furthermore the mucous within the mucous secreting cells appears to be synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 피부선이 잘 발달되어 있는 Bombina속 중에서 유일하게 국내에 서식하는 무당개구리를 재료로 하여 피부 점액선의 미세구조와 점액분비물질의 조직화학적 성질을 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 무당개구리의 점액선은 진피에 위치한 단포상선으로서 선분비부는 외부의 근상피세포층과 내부의 선상피세포층으로 이루어져 있었다. 조직화학반응의 결과, 점액선에서 생성되는 물질의 주성분이 산성다당류임을 확인하였으며, 배피에 비해 복피에서 강한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 또한 주사전자현미경을 이용한 피부표면의 관찰 결과, 점액선의 개구부는 피부의 표면에 돌출된 식물의 기공과 비슷한 모양을 하고 있으며, 과립선의 개구부에 비해 분포밀도는 높았으나 크기는 소형인 것으로 관찰되었다. 점액선의 선상피세포층에는 점액분비세포와 미토콘드리아가 잘 발달되어 있는 세포의 2종류로 이루어져 있었고, 선의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 점액분비세포는 세포의 분화정도에 따라서 성숙 또는 미성숙된 세포로 구분되었으며, 세포질 내에 함유된 점액분비물질의 주변에서는 조면소포체가 잘 발달되어 있었다.