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노형신(Noh, Hyeongsin) 한국고고학회 2018 한국고고학보 Vol.0 No.108
재갈은 마구의 부속품으로 사용자가 말에게 정확하고 일관된 통제력을 전달하는 데 가장 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 재갈은 말에 대한 통제력을 높이는 방향으로 발전되었고, 이는 재갈 부품의 구성 변화를 통해 함외환의 크기를 줄이는 방법으로 귀결되었다. 본고에서는 재갈의 기능을 반영하는 속성을 바탕으로 새로운 형식분류안을 제시하였으며, 큰 틀에서 보았을 때 기마구용 재갈은 차마구용 재갈과 연관되어 발전한 것을 확인하였다. 재갈의 형식변천 과정은 제어구인 재갈의 기능을 향상시키기 위한 새로운 부품과 제작기술의 등장을 기준으로 5기로 구분하였다. 1기는 차마구용 재갈을 사용하는 시기로 함과 함유를 기본으로 하는 재갈이 다수이며, 인수는 소수의 재갈에만 부가되어 있다. 2기에는 기마구용 재갈이 등장하며, 인수가 본격적으로 도입되고 판비도 등장한다. 3기는 유환과 이중 함외환의 도입과 함외환의 소형화가 특징적이다. 4기는 원환비의 도입과 장식성의 강화를 특징으로 한다. 5기에는 재갈이 더 이상 매장시설에 부장되지 않지만 생활·관방유적에서 확인된다. 이 시기에는 재갈에서 금속제 인수가 사라지며, 함유가 표비로 획일화된다. 근·현대의 재갈도 이와 유사하기 때문에 5기의 양상이 최근까지 이어지는 것으로 볼수 있다. 이상과 같이 재갈의 변천은 인수·유환·원환의 등장과 밀접한 관계를 보이며, 이러한 부품의 도입과 함께 함외환의 크기가 소형화되면서 규격화된다. 재갈 부품들은 도입 여부와 세부 형태에서 지역적인 차이를 보이기도 하지만 함외환이 소형화되고 규격화되는 양상은 삼국시대에 광역적으로 일어나는 공통적인 양상이다. 이러한 재갈의 변천양상은 삼국의 기마문화가 큰 틀에서 동일한 방향으로 변화되고 있는 것을 나타낸다. The harness is an essential tool for horse riding. Of its elements, the horse bit is the most important, as it functions to deliver accurate and effective commands. Therefore, bits developed to become more efficient in controlling horses, by reducing the size of the outer bit ring (ham-ouihwan) through changes in their components. Attention was paid to the basic function of the bits and their attributes. The functional attributes include the shape of a bit guard, the presence of a reinconnected iron bar (insoo), the presence of a connection ring (yoohwan), and the size of the outer bit ring. Results of the analysis illustrated the need for a new system of type classification. From this point of view, it is suggested that the bits used for chariots and those used for horseback riding may have not been entirely different; rather, they were related to one another in terms of development. The process of change for the horse bits can be divided into five periods, based on the emergence of new parts and the manufacturing techniques required for the effective handling of horses. It is also demonstrated that changes were closely related to the use of the rein-connected iron bar, the connection ring, and the ring-type bit guard. With the introduction of new parts, the size of the outer bit rings changed and became standardized. Although the detailed shape of the bit parts may show local characteristics, the miniaturization and standardization of the outer bit ring were trends observed throughout the Three Kingdoms Period. Therefore, it is proposed that, from a broader perspective, the process of change in horse bits indicates that the equestrian culture of the Three Kingdoms was transformed in a similar direction.
해외 언론의 한국에 대한 취재보도특성과 반영된 한국 이미지 -2006∼2009년 6개국 7개 언론사 보도에 대한 내용분석
노형신 ( Hyung Shin Roh ),신호창 ( Ho Chang Shin ),허종욱 ( Jong Oug Heo ),박성화 ( Seong Hwa Park ) 한국PR학회 2012 PR연구 Vol.16 No.3
Regardless of being a part of enhancing Korea`s national image, the substantial purpose of this study is to suggest effective plans for public relations with international press by analyzing the attributes of Korean coverage on major foreign media. The study involves collecting data, between the years of 2006 and 2009, from seven presses entrenched in six different countries and investigating the frequency, the topic, and the byline, as well as the origin and the tone of the coverage. As a result of the analysis, there were several distinctive attributes of Korean coverage on major foreign media. Overall, the origin of most news articles is Korea and most articles are written by foreign reporters in a neutral tone. Moreover, politics related news takes the most part of the coverage and articles about the relationship between North and South Korea dealing with the North Korean nuclear issues or tensions with North Korea mostly are mostly written in a negative tone of argument. It is found that the number of articles in a positive tone has increased due to the sports related coverages. As the attributes according to the international press, in regards to the byline, only the Washington Post and the New York Times have been using telecommunication coverage compared to other newspapers and the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung is found to be the only press that covers the articles whose origin is foreign country. Moreover, the Washington Post, the Financial Times and Le Monde covers less news in a neutral tone compared to the higher rate of articles in a positive or negative tone. Finally, regarding the subject of article, it is found that compared to other press the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung covers significantly more news about culture or science. Based on this analysis, improvement efforts through understanding stereotypes about Korea, strengthening the relationships with foreign reporters, and efforts to comprehend about the international press are suggested as plans to enhance Korea`s national image.
Cuff가 있는 End-to-Side 문합술시 혈류역학적 특성분석
유상신,김동익,서상호,노형운,이병붕 대한혈관외과학회 1999 Vascular Specialist International Vol.15 No.1
The hemodynamic characteristics of the cuff end-to-side anastomosis model are investigated using by the finite volume predictions. The flow rates and the impedance indices through of the cuff anastomosis model are compared with those of the anastomosis model without the cuff. Blood flow increased through the cuff anastomosis model than the standard anastomosis model. The impedance index decreased with the increase of flow rate. The impedance index at a given flow rate is reduced by the increase of anastomosis angle and further reduced by the addition of the cuff. The results suggest that the cuff anastomosis model should be applied for the low Reynolds number flow and/or the small artery anastomosis model.