Ischemic Time Associated with Activation of Rejection-Related Immune Responses

남현숙,최진영,김윤태,권혁무,홍종해,김두,한태욱,문태영,김지희,조병렬,우흥명,강경선 한국임상수의학회 2009 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) is the major cause of acute renal failure and delayed graft function (DGF) unavoidable in renal transplantation. Enormous studies on ischemia damage playing a role in activating graft rejection factors, such as T cells or macrophages, are being reported. Present study was performed to determine whether ischemia time would play an important role in activating rejection-related factors or not in rat models of I/RI. Male Sprague- Dawley rats were submitted to 30, 45, and 60 minutes of warm renal ischemia with nephrectomy or control animals underwent sham operation (unilateral nephrectomy). Renal function and survival rates were evaluated on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7. Immunofluorescence staining of dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured on day 1 and 7 after renal I/RI. Survival rates dropped below 50% after day 3 in 45 minutes ischemia. Histologic analysis of ischemic kidneys revealed a significant loss of tubular architecture and infiltration of inflammatory cells. DCs, NK cells, macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were infiltrated from a day after I/RI depending on ischemia time. Antigen presenting cells (DCs, NK cells or macrophages) and even T cells were infiltrated 24 hours post-I/RI, which is at the time of acute tubular necrosis. During the regeneration phase, not only these cells increased but B cells also appeared in more than 45 minutes ischemia. The numbers of the innate and the adaptive immune cells increased depending on ischemia as well as reperfusion time. These changes of infiltrating cells resulting from each I/RI model show that ischemic time plays a role in activating rejection related immune factors and have consequences on progression of renal disease in transplanted and native kidneys.

프랑스 전산 전문용어 어휘구조 분석 2: NdeN 구조를 중심으로

남현숙,윤애선 한국프랑스학회 2006 한국프랑스학논집 Vol.56 No.-

Acute Kidney Injury Models: Focus on the Therapeutic Effects of Stem Cell in Preclinical Approach

남현숙,우재석,우흥명 한국임상수의학회 2010 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.27 No.5

Stem cell-based therapy is under intensive investigation to treat acute renal failure (ARF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate available ARF models, and suggest a model appropriate to therapeutic evaluation of the stem cells in preclinical approach by determining the optimum concentration of nephrotoxic agents and duration of ischemia induction. Three different types of available acute kidney injury (AKI) animal models were analyzed using rats: Cisplatin (saline, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg, IP) or glycerol (saline, 8 and 10 ml/kg, IM)-induced nephrotoxicity as toxic models and ischemia-induced (sham, 35 and 45 minutes) nephropathy as an ischemic model. The relevance and applicability to investigate especially the regenerative ability of stem cells were evaluated regarding morphology, renal function and survival at this time point. In the point of renal function, 10 ml glycerol/kg and 7.5 mg cisplatin/kg model in toxic models and 45 min model in ischemia models showed significant decrease for the longer observation time compared to 8 ml glycerol/kg, 5 mg cisplatin/kg and the 35 min ischemia models, respectively. All groups were observed no mortality except 45 min-ischemia model with 50% survival. Histological significant alterations including cast formation in the tubular lumen, tubular necrosis and apoptosis were revealed on the second day in either ischemiaor glycerol-induced models, and on day 5 in cisplatin-induced models. The results indicate that ischemia 35 min-,cisplatin 7.5 mg/kg- and glycerol 10 ml/kg-induced AKI would be ideal animal models to monitor a outcome parameter related to the therapeutic effects on renal function with noninvasive techniques in the same animal at multiple time points. Our findings also suggest that the best time points for the functional or histological interpretation of renal will be on day 2 in both glycerol- and ischemia-induced AKI models and on day 5 in cisplatin-induced AKI.

아동을 위한 교육과정에서의 놀이 개념과 질적 연구 접근

남현숙 서울敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 1995 韓國敎育論叢 Vol.7 No.-

본 글은 아동을 위한 교육과정에서의 놀이 개념의 연구의 필요성과 적절한 연구 접근 방법에 관한 모색을 목적으로 하고 있다. 놀이에 관한 연구는 증가하고있는 반면에, 조작 용어 정의를 사용하지 않거나 일관성이 없는 조작용어를 사용한 행동주의 관점의 연구가 주류를 이루고 있다. 또한 놀이 개념 자체의 연구도 부실한 상황이다. 본 글에서는 교육과 관련된 놀이 개념의 효율적인 접근은 문화적 배경을 고려한 사회 구성원으로 부터의 세속적인 차원에서의 이해가 적절하다고 주장하고, 그 연구 방법으로서 질적인 연구 접근이 제시되었다. 구체적으로 개념의 형성과정과 부합된 연구 방법으로 참여 관찰과 심층 면접이 제시되었다.

셰익스피어의 문제극에 대한 연구 : Measure for Measure를 중심으로 About Measure for Measure

남현숙 동아대학교 인문과학대학 영어영문학과 1991 동아영어영문학 Vol.7 No.-

간엽유착과 담낭염을 동반한 선천성 복막심낭 횡격막 허니아의 효과적 수술처치

남현숙,곽호현,이세호,박경미,박인철,한정희,우흥명 한국임상수의학회 2012 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.29 No.1

A six months old, male Shih Tzu dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Kangwon National University, for lethargy, respiratory embarrassment. Survey radiography revealed enlarged cardiac silhouette due to displacement of gas-filled intestine in the pericardium. Although there were no specific clinical signs, this case was diagnosed as peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) based on the results of positive contrast radiography and thoracic ultrasonograpic findings. In addition, the thickened gall bladder wall observed in ultrasonography, increase of alkaline phosphatase and neutrophils indicated cholecystitis. Two hepatic lobes and gall bladder were severely necrotized and adhere to the diaphragm. Direct reduction of the herniated organs might cause hepatic hemorrhage and bile juice leakage which may induce very poor prognosis. To solve the problems, the adhered organs were dissected with part of diaphragm, and lobectomy with cholecystectomy was performed for prevention of some possible complications including peritonitis. This is case report describing resection of part of diaphragm adhered to herniated organ reduce the risk of possible hepatic hemorrhage during surgical correction of PPDH followed bycholecystectomy and lobectomy.

Orpheus Descending 의 救世主 原型

南賢淑 동아대학교 문과대학 영어영문학과 1987 동아영어영문학 Vol.3 No.-

Through Williams' major plays, redemption and the redeemer figure provide a central metaphor. Williams' redeemer figure do not limit to that of a Christian redeemer, but harkens back to still earlier non-Christian prototypes, Orpheus, Adonis, and Oedipus. Therefore this paper aims to clarify the 12 motifs which the artist creates around such a figure. Val Xavier of Orpheus Descending(1957) is an outsider to Glorious Hill Val, representative who is symbolic theatrical avatars of the New Testament message of Love or the life-force of the vegetation deity oppose a pharisaical mendacious establishment controlled by an aging import, Old Testament god. This establishment excludes the redeemer figure, or he chooses to exclude himself(1). The magnetic mystique of the virile Val becomes simply sexuality, the mystery of the life-force. Val sexuality sets him apart and constitutes the raison d'e^tre of his threat to the established social structure and god-figure(2). Val seeks a return to a previous stale, that of innocence or a feeling of cleanliness. The creative transcendent experience of sex becomes symbolic of purification in Williams. Val restores Lady to fecundity and responds to her love and need with true emotion and loyalty(3). Val serves the function of replacing a void created by a death or rejection. Through the fulfillment of this void with his fertility and sexuality, Val rejuvenates or restores life(the miracle of ceation). Basically, the male princiole(vegetation god) seeks the female principle in order to effect a sexual union which will result in love and life. Val partially achieves his goal through finding his compatible female principle, and the result of their love-union is Lady's pregnancy. Val and Lady, however, are not triumphant in their union for long, due to her hesitancy to leave the town of Glorious Hill in order to celebrate a macabre revenge over the dying, impotent father-god figure, her husband, Jabe. Val hesitates in order to stay with and ensure the safety of his female counterpart, and his decision is fatal. He becomes a martyr to his love(4,5). Val must confront a very serious, or fatal opposition in Glorious Hill. His conflict results in their questioning of faith. In consciously deciding to become scapegoat and confronting his fatal opposition, Val chooses his own morality or beliefs over escape or conformity. He dies because he is true to himself and Lady. Thus his auto-da-fe´, his self-sacrifice, is voluntary(6,7). Val is the archetypal representation of many prototypes, Adam, Orpheus, Adonis, and Christ. All stem from early pagan vegetation deities. This use of characters elevates the resolution of the play to a metaphysical(magical) level. The catharsis the audience experience via its empathy with Val returns the theatre to its orginal purpose of the celebration of a community of a life/death mystery play(8,9). The sex equals god formula is operative in the plays in that the vegetation god(the redeemer) possesses power that is equated to or strongly dependent upon his sexuality. Val opposes older, more entrenched, pharisaical god figures who represent darkness and evil versus the redeemer's light and goodness. Thus, Val poses a direct sexual threat to the sterile establishment leader(10). The symbolic accouterments of William's redeemer in Orpheus Descending reinforce the character's symbolic actions. Val's snakeskin, his guitar, his "tree of life" curtain and his living quarters are symbols of redemption or regeneration. Williams' religiosity is not so simplistic as to be strictly Catholic or even Christian. His religious symbology extends back to pagan and primitive cults, which share a common foundation with Christianity(11). The confession of the redeemer is Williams' ultimate means of eliciting empathy from the audience. Val humbles himself before the others of the play. He reveals his innermost feeling and experience candidly. Val sees through Lady in regard to her offer of the alcove for his living quarters. But he does not judge. He forgives, thus exhibiting his Christ like quality of mercy. Following this self-recognition, Val k and Lady consummate their love. Val struggles against the forces of darkness, and sacrifices himself out of love. He is the Orphic figure whose music enables him to transcend reality, and defeat death, first temporarily, then through transcendance(12).

아동을 위한 교육과정에서의 놀이 개념과 질적 연구 접근

남현숙 서울교육대학교 초등교육연구원 1994 한국초등교육 Vol.7 No.-

아동을 위한 교육과정에서의 놀이 개념과 질적 연구 접근

관객 반응의 관점에서 본 Troilus and Cressida

남현숙 동아대학교 인문과학대학 영어영문학과 1992 동아영어영문학 Vol.8 No.-

개의 신장 동종이식 후 발생된 급성 거부반응

남현숙,엄지용,윤병일,우흥명 한국임상수의학회 2005 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.22 No.4