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      • KCI등재

        부당내부거래 규제 정책: 대법원의 부당성 판단 기준을 중심으로

        경연 ( Kyoung Youn Na ),윤택한 ( Taek Han Yoon ),윤창호 ( Chang Ho Yoon ) 한국산업조직학회 2014 産業組織硏究 Vol.22 No.2

        본 논문은 부당지원행위에 대한 공정위의 승ㆍ패소여부와 과징금 자료를 이용하여 부당지원행위에 대한 사법부 판결의 내용과 파급 효과를 검토하고자 하였다. 부당지원행위에 관한 헌법재판소와 대법원의 판례에 따르면, 과징금은 부당이득을 환수하는 기능을 가질 뿐아니라 부당행위의 재발을 억제하여 경쟁 질서를 유지하고자 하는 행정재제적인 성격도 가지고 있다. 본 논문은 과징금의 결정요인에 대한 추정결과를 이용하여 법원의 주요 부당성 판단기준을 구체적으로 유추하였다. 추정결과에 따르면 대기업집단내의 지원객체가 이미 자본잠식상태에 있거나, 내부거래이후 지원객체의 시장점유율이 더 증가하면, 이러한 내부거래는 부당한 행위로 판단될 가능성이 크게 나타났다. 법원에서 내부거래를 인정하는 경영적 재량권의 범위는 내부거래의 지원규모에 비례하여 증가하며, 특수 관계인에 대한 지원 사건으로 간주되면 경쟁법위반 행위에 대한 입증의 문제가 더욱 엄격하게 제기되었다. 그러나 퇴출 위험에 있거나 영업 손실을 내고 있는 기업에 대한 지원행위는, 지원규모가 크거나 특수 관계인 사건이라고 할지라도 대법원에서 경쟁제한성을 인정할 가능성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. This paper examines the empirical content of Supreme Court rulings on large-scale intra-group transactions that may lead to unreasonable restraint of competition by unfair subsidies for member firms, and thus result in excessive concentration of economic power. According to the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court of Korea, the penalty fines imposed on subsidizing firms for unfair intra-group transactions has the effect of both deterring the violation of laws and the restoration of damage from violation of competition law (Article 23 (1.7)). This paper estimates the determinants of fines and finds that intra-group transactions are likely to be found in violation if the subsidized firm is already in a state of impaired capital or the market share of the subsidized firm increases after the transaction. However the scope of the business judgment rule, one that justifies intra-group transactions by redeeming virtues, becomes greater as the volume of transaction increases except when the subsidized firm has already impaired capital or runs the risk of exit. Also, until the recent amendment of the law, the straightforward transfer to an affiliated person has not been judged as a violation of Article 23 (1.7) unless the Fair Trade agency provides supporting evidence that such a transfer is prima facie and used to restrain competition and increasing concentration of economic power for the benefit of the business group.

      • KCI등재

        중국 고등학생의 정서지능과 학습몰입의 관계에서 학습동기와 그릿의 이중매개효과

        지문,윤택,이창식 산업진흥원 2024 산업진흥연구 Vol.9 No.1

        본 연구는 중국 고등학생을 대상으로 학습동기와 그릿이 정서지능과 학습몰입의 관계에서 이중매개하는지를 확인하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 자료는 중국의 한 고등학교에서 유의표집한 고등학생 304명을 대상으로 설문조사를 통하여 수집하였다. 수집한 자료는 SPSS PC+ Win ver. 25.0과 SPSS PROCESS macro ver. 4.2를 활용하여 분석하였다. 적용된 통계방법은 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관분석 및 이중매개효과 분석이었다. 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정서지능, 학습동기, 그릿 및 학습몰입은 모두 정적인 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 고등학생들의 학습동기와 그릿이 정서지능과 학습몰입의 관계에서 이중매개하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 고등학생들의 정서지능만이 아니라 학습동기와 그릿을 활용하여 학업몰입을 증진키실 수 있는 방안을 제언하였다. This study aims to determine whether learning motivation and grit mediate in the relationship between emotional intelligence and learning engagement among Chinese high school students. Data were collected through a survey targeting 304 high school students purposively sampled from a high school in China. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS PC+ Win ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro ver. 4.2. The statistical methods applied were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and dual mediation effect analysis. The conclusion of the study is as follows. First, emotional intelligence, learning motivation, grit, and learning engagement all showed significant positive correlations. Second, high school students' learning motivation and grit double-mediated in the relationship between emotional intelligence and learning engagement. Based on these results, this study proposed a plan to improve high school students' academic engagement by utilizing not only emotional intelligence but also learning motivation and grit.

      • KCI등재

        인유두종 바이러스검출을 이용한 자궁경부 상피내종양의 분자생물학적 진단방법

        남궁성은,박종섭,김용욱,허수영,박동춘,정인광,나윤택,김차주 대한산부인과학회 1996 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.39 No.11

        This study analysed 83 cervical neoplastic patients with HPV-16 DNA detected by PCR by in the patients of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam St. Marys Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, comparing the histopathology from Papanicolaou smear and colposcopic guided biopsy, quantitative evaluation of HPV DNA by Hybrid Capture test and the preservation of HPV-16 E2 DNA with PCR. Our analysis revealed: 1. Atypical transformation zone seen by colposcopy was divided into three groups, one where zone covered less than 25%, one between 25~50% and one greater than 50%. When compared with histopathologic findings, CIN and CIN III were present in 31%(10/32), 31 %(8/26), and 75%(18/24) respectively. 2. Comparing of cervical histopathologic results with HPV DNA amounts, viral titer greater than 5.0 was found in non-specific cervicits(13.3%; 4/30), HPV+CIN I(31.3%; 5/16) and CIN II + III(69.4%; 25/36). 3. Comparing of cervical histopathologic results with the preservation of intact HPV-16 E2 DNA using PCR, E2 DNA was present in non-specific cervicitis(7%; 2/30), HPV+CIN I(0%;0/16), and CIN III + III(47%; 17/36). 4. The presence of HPV-16 E2 DNA was compared with HPV DNA titer. When HPV-16 E2 DNA was present, titer was greater than 5.0 in 89%(17/19), while HPV-16 E2 DNA was absent, titer was greater than 5.0 in only 27%(17/63). Our analysis revealed that high HPV DNA titer and complete HPV-16 E2 DNA correlated well with advanced grade of CINs. In conclusion, this result suggest that HPV DNA titer and HPV-16 E2 DNA presence can clinically assist in predicting the prognosis of CINs.

      • KCI등재

        조기진통의 예측지표로서 자궁경부 및 질내 태아파이브로넥틴의 임상적 유용성

        김수평,이종건,종구,김사진,김용욱,이종승,변태섭,정인광,나윤택 대한산부인과학회 1996 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.39 No.10

        Prematurity is the major cause of neonatal mortaliy and morbidity. The prediction and early arrest of preterm uterine contractions is the mainstay of the management of the preterm labor. Several biophysical methods and biochemical markers are available, but not satisfactory for the prediction of preterm labor. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical efficacy of fetal fibronectin as a biochemical predictor of preterm labor. Fetal fibronectin was obtained at external os and posterior vaginal fornix in 118 women who have irregular uterine contractions with intact membranes and, in 113 women who complained of watery vaginal discharges without visible leakage. The cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin was measured quantitatively by fetal fibranectin immunoassay in 118 patients and qualitatively by fetal fibronectin membrane immunoassay in 113 patients. The results were considered positive when specimens had a fetal fibronectin concentration above 50 ng/ml in women who have irregular uterine contractions with intact membranes. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Fetal fibronectin concentrations in women with or without irregular uterine contractions with cervix dilatation($lt;=2cm) and intact membranes were 229.18+-68 ng/ml, 16.8+-9.2 ng/ml, respectively. 2. In the efficacy of fetal fibronectin for the prediction of preterm labor in women who have irregular uterine contractions and intact membrane, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value are 83.3%, 85.2%, 65.8% and 93.8%, respectively. There were significant correlation between the positivity of the fetal fibronectin and interval(diagnosis to delivery), gestational weeks at delivery and neonatal body weight. 3. In the efficacy of fetal fibronectin for the prediction of preterm labor in women who complained of watery vaginal discharges without visible leakage, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value are 62.5%, 93.3%, 71.4% and 90.2%, respectively. There were significant correlation between the positivity of the fetal fibronectin and interval(diagnosis to delivery), gestational weeks at delivery and neonatal body weight. 4. in the association between fetal fibronectin membrane immunoassay and nitrazine test in women who complained of watery vaginal discharges without visible leakage, the accuracy was 83.2%. This results reflect that positive cerviovaginal fetal fibronectin in women who have irregular uterine contractions or in women who complained of watery vaginal discharges maybe a useful biochemical predictor for the prediction of preterm labor.

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