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Study on life span extension efficacy by Korean Red Ginseng
나승열,이준희,최선혜 고려인삼학회 2007 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.31 No.4
The backbone structure of ginsenosides, active ingredients of Panax ginseng, is similar with that of sterol, especially cholesterol. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is one of free living nematodes and is well-established animal model for biochemical and genetic studies. C. elegans cannot synthesize de novo cholesterol, although cholesterol is essential requirement for its growth and development. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng total extract (KRGE), ginseng total saponins (GTS) on life span of C. elegans in cholesterol-deprived and -fed medium. Cholesterol deprivation caused damages on life span of worms throughout F1 to F3 generations. KRGE or GTS supplement to cholesterol-deprived medium restored the life span of worms as much as cholesterol alone-fed medium. In study to identify which ginsenosides are responsible for life span restoring effects of KRGE, we found that ginsenoside Rc supplement not only restored life span of worms grown in cholesterol-deprived medium but also prolonged life span of worms grown in cholesterol-fed medium. These results show a possibility that ginsenosides could be utilized by C. elegans as a sterol substitute and further indicate that ginsenoside Rc is the effective component of Korean red ginseng that prolongs the life span of C. elegans.
Studies on Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Brain and Liver of Insulin Deficient Rats
나승열,김순재,Nah, Seung-Yeol,Kim, Soon-Jae 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.1
Alloxan으로 백서에서 당뇨병을 유발시킨 간장과 뇌에서 mitochondria 바깥막에 존재하는 monoamine oxidase(MAO) 활동도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 대조군에 비하여 당뇨병군에서 기질에 대한 친화성이 뇌와 간장에서 각각 20, 40%감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, insuilin의 투여는 이 효소의 활동도를 대조군 수준 혹은 그 이상으로 상승시킴을 보여 주었다. 이러 한 사실은 insulin이 rat의 뇌와 간장의 mitochondria의 lipids환경에 의존하는 MAO의 활동도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was determined in brain and liver of alloxan induced diabetic rats. MAO affinity for substrate in diabetic group decreased in brain and liver by 20, 40% respectively, as compared to normal group. Insulin administration, however, restored the MAO affinity for substrate to normal level. Insulin, therefore, might play an important role in MAO activity that may depend on microenvironment of outer mitochondrial membrane in rat brain and liver.
고려 인삼의 효능은 생체막 이온 채널 조절과 연관되어 있다는 증거들에 대하여
나승열,Na, Seung-Yeol 한국식품연구원 2005 食品技術 Vol.18 No.2
최근 20여년 동안 Panax ginseng의 다양한 효과가 연구 되어져 왔다. Panax ginseng의 주요 활성 성분인 ginsenosides는 오직 인삼에서만 발견되어지는 saponin이다. 최근 들어 신경, 非신경 또는 복합적으로 분포된 세포에서 ginsenoside가 $Ca^2+$, $K^+$,$Na^+$,$Cl^-$ channel이나 ligand gated ionchannel (5-HT3, nicotinic acetylcholine, NMDA receptor)과 같은 다양한 ion channel을 조절하는증거들이 발표되고 있다. Ginsenoside는 voltage-dependent $Ca^2+$, $K^+$,$Na^+$ channel의 활성을 억제하는 반면 $Ca^2+$-activated $Cl^-$ channel이나 $Ca^2+$-activated $K^+$ channel의 활성은 증가 시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 흥분성 ligand-gated ion channel인 $5-HT_3$, nicotinic acetylcholine, NMDA receptor의 활성은 억제한다. 본 총설에서는 현재까지 알려진 ion channel 활성에 대한 ginsenoside의 조절작용과 이것으로 인해 어떻게 생물학적 효능과 연결이 되어있는지에 대하여 이야기하고자 한다.
A Role for the Carbohydrate Portion of Ginsenoside Rg3 in Na+ Channel Inhibition
나승열,Sang Min Jeong,이병환,Sang-Mok Lee,Jong-Hoon Kim,Yoon-Hee Hong,Jun-Ho Lee,김동현,남길수 한국분자세포생물학회 2005 Molecules and cells Vol.19 No.1
We showed recently that ginsenosides inhibit the activ-ity of various types of ion channel. Here we have inves-tigated the role of the carbohydrate component of gin-senoside Rg3 in the inhibition of Na+ channels. The channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes by inject-ing cRNAs encoding rat brain Nav1.2 and 1 sub-units, and analyzed by the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. Treatment with Rg3 reversibly inhibited the inward Na+ peak current (INa) with an IC50 of 32.2 4.5 M, and the inhibition was voltage-dependent. To examine the role of the sugar moiety, we prepared a straight chain form of the second glucose and a conju-gate of this glucose with 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propi-onic acid hydrazide (HPPH). Neither derivative inhib-ited INa. Treatment with the carbohydrate portion of ginsenoside Rg3, sophorose [-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)- -glucopyranoside], or the aglycone (protopanaxadiol), on their own or in combination had no effect on INa. These observations indicate that the carbohydrate portion of ginsenoside Rg3 plays an important role in its effect on the Na+ channel.
Gintonin facilitates catecholamine secretion from the perfused adrenal medulla
나승열,김기환,최미성,하강수,임동윤 대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.6
The present study was designed to investigate the characteristics of gintonin, one of components isolated from Korean Ginseng on secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the isolated perfused model of rat adrenal gland and to clarify its mechanism of action. Gintonin (1 to 30 μg/ml), perfused into an adrenal vein, markedly increased the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. The gintonin-evoked CA secretion was greatly inhibited in the presence of chlorisondamine (1 μM, an autonomic ganglionic bloker), pirenzepine (2 μM, a muscarinic M1 receptor antagonist), Ki14625 (10 μM, an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist), amiloride (1 mM, an inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger), a nicardipine (1 μM, a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blocker), TMB-8 (1 μM, an intracellular Ca2+ antagonist), and perfusion of Ca2+-free Krebs solution with 5mM EGTA (a Ca2+chelater), while was not affected by sodium nitroprusside (100 μM, a nitrosovasodialtor). Interestingly, LPA (0.3~3 μM, an LPA receptor agonist) also dose-dependently enhanced the CA secretion from the adrenal medulla, but this facilitatory effect of LPA was greatly inhibited in the presence of Ki 14625 (10 μM). Moreover, acetylcholine (AC)-evoked CA secretion was greatly potentiated during the perfusion of gintonin (3 μg/ml). Taken together, these results demonstrate the first evidence that gintonin increases the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. This facilitatory effect of gintonin seems to be associated with activation of LPA- and cholinergic-receptors, which are relevant to the cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase by stimulation of the Ca2+ influx as well as by the inhibition of Ca2+ uptake into the cytoplasmic Ca2+ stores, without the increased nitric oxide (NO). Based on these results, it is thought that gintonin, one of ginseng components, can elevate the CA secretion from adrenal medulla by regulating the Ca2+ mobilization for exocytosis, suggesting facilitation of cardiovascular system. Also, these findings show that gintonin might be at least one of ginseng-induced hypertensive components.