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연변지역 영-한 번역문의 특징 : 헤밍웨이의 살인자를 중심으로
김형철 배달말학회 2003 배달말 Vol.33 No.-
본 연구에서는 헤밍웨이 원작 '살인자'(The Killers)의 연변지역 번역본을 중심으로, 그 번역문의 특징을 살펴보았는데, 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 인용문의 번역 형태를 "인용상위문의 위치, 관련 있는 두 인용문의 접속관계, 인용상위문의 생략 여부" 등을 기준으로 몇 가지 유형으로 하위 분류하였는데, I 유형(인용문(A) + 인용문(C) + 인용상위문(B))이 가장 많으며, 그 가운데서도 I-② 유형(인용문 A, C가 독립되어 있음)이 다수를 차지하고 있다. 이 점에서 볼 때 a본에서는 비교적 국어 문장에 가깝게 번역하려고 노력한 사실을 알 수 있다. 대우법의 경우 첫째, 모든 대화에 존대를 사용하는 것이 원칙이고, 수평관계의 친밀한 사람끼리는 비존대를 사용하였다. 둘째, 격식체가 주류를 이루고 있다. 셋째, 동일한 대화 상황에서 존대와 비존대가 동시에 사용되어, 대우법 사용에 있어 일관성을 결여하고 있다. 영어 원문의 두 문장을 접속하여 한 문장으로 번역한 경우가 많은데, 이는 어순 등 영어 원문 구조에 변형을 가했다는 것을 의미한다. 번역에 있어서 원문과의 거리가 멀다는 것은 국어에 가깝게 번역하였다는 사실을 나타낸다. 어휘의 특징으로는 첫째, 국어 어휘를 많이 사용한 점(매대, 료리목록, 닭알) 둘째, 연변지역 특유의 어휘를 많이 사용한 점(모임사진, 촬영사, 다락층계) 셋째, 관용어를 많이 사용한 점(너름새를 놓다, 설레발을 놓다) 등을 들 수 있다. 상황 설명을 충실하게 하기 위해 적절한 부사어를 첨가한 경우가 많은데, 이들 가운데 "종래로, 되려, 꼬물만치도, 까딱, 외로, 점도록, 번연히" 등은 연변지역에는 보편적으로 사용되는 어휘들이나, 오늘날 국어에는 낯선 어휘들이다. We have surveyed the famous novel, 'The Killers' written by Ernest Hemingway, which was published by Korean in Yeonbyeon and we found something particular. The key content is as follow. 1. We subdivided the translated works into several patterns on basis of translating aspect, such as ① the position of upper quotation, (2) the connection of two related quotations (E) the possibility of ellips of upper quatations. In many cases, the type I (quatation(A) + quatation(C) + upper quatations(B) have a majority and Type of I - ②(quatation A and quatation C stand alone each other) show a major stream among them. 2. In honorification, it is a major rule to take honorific expressions in all conversation. But between the people with close relationship of an equal level, honorfic words are not used mostly. Second, the style of formal expression(an honorific expression such as level of 합쇼/하오, non-honorific expression, level of 하게), also show a major stream. Third, in fact, As honorific and non-honorific expression are used at same time, consistency lacks in honorfication. 3. In many cases, translated works by korean tend to link the two sentence to translate into one sentence. This means transforming the structure of orginal text far from original text on translation signify the fact of being translated close to Korean language. 4. The characteristic of vocabulary used in translation is as follows. First, the Korean own words were used more frequently than Chinese letters (매대, 료리목록, 닭알). Second, there are many peculiar from of vocabularies which are being used Yeonbyeon province only. Third, The idioms also are shown frequently. 5. We found that many adequate adverbials are added to explain the situation more clearly. Among them, "종래로, 되려, 꼬물만치도, 까딱, 외로, 점도록, 번연히" are used generally in Yeonbyeon province. but they are unfamiliar to current South korean language user.
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김형철,한재길 한국특허학회 2009 특허학연구 : 한국특허학회지 Vol.11 No.4
Co 나노분말은 ?0.4mm, 99.9% Co wire를 이용하여 전기선폭발으로 제조하였다. 합성된 Co 나노분 말은 크기는 30nm에서 190nm의 분포를 갖는 구형 입자로 관찰되었다. Co-Fe 복합성형체는 95nm의 평균 입도를 갖는 Co 분말과 Fe 마이크론 분말을 사용하여 전자기성형법으로 제조하였다. 2.5GPa, 15wt% Co-Fe 복합성형체의 경우, 경도와 수축률은 각각 178.58 Hv와 0%로 측정되었다. Co-Fe 복 합성형체는 잔류 기공이 없는 치밀한 미세조직을 보인다.
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김형철,오성한,오재근,하윤 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.4
The complex nature of the cervical spine makes surgical intervention challenging when treating cervical deformity in patients with cerebral palsy (CDCP). However, few studies have investigated the unique characteristics of cerebral palsy that create the need for surgery, the most effective surgical strategies, and the possible perioperative complications. The intended benefit and the potential risk of postoperative complications must be considered when deciding to operate for CDCP. Because the approach and correction strategy depend on the type of cervical deformity, as well as the patient’s comorbidities and functional status, a customized strategy is needed. Perioperatively, botulinum toxin injections and muscle division techniques can help control excessive involuntary movements and improve the spinal fusion success rate. Surgical intervention for CDCP requires a multidisciplinary approach, and the information presented in this article is intended to help in the perioperative management and surgical treatment of CDCP.
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Dacryoscintigraphic Findings in the Children with Tearing
김형철,A Ran Cho,유혜린 대한안과학회 2015 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.29 No.1
To investigate the diagnostic effectiveness of dacryoscintigraphy in children with tearing; to evaluate tear clearance rate as a diagnostic factor of dacryoscintigraphy in children with tearing; and to analyze the results of treatment according to dacryoscintigraphic findings in children with tearing. Methods: Between January 2010 and April 2014, 176 eyes of 88 children with tearing (49 boys and 39 girls; mean age, 23.81 ±14.67 months; range, 12 to 72 months) were studied retrospectively. Of these, 37 of 88 children with tearing were bilateral cases, and 51 were unilateral cases. None of the patients had a history of craniofacial disorder or trauma. The chief complaint of tearing with or without eye discharge and delivery mode, past history of neonatal conjunctivitis, syringing, or probing were collected from parents, grandparents, or previous hospital data. The drainage pattern of the nasolacrimal duct was analyzed, and the clearance rate of 50 μCi 99m technetium pertechnetate was measured by dacryoscintigraphy. Results: According to the dacryoscintigraphy results, 98 of 125 eyes (78.4%) with tearing showed nasolacrimal obstruction and 29 of 51 eyes (56.9%) without tearing showed patency. There was a significant difference between tearing eyes and normal eyes (p = 0.001). The clearance rate difference after 3 and 30 minutes was 16.41 ± 15.37% in tearing eyes and 23.57 ±14.15% in normal eyes. There was a significant difference between epiphoric eyes and normal eyes (p = 0.05). Based on the dacryoscintigraphic findings, nasolacrimal-duct obstruction was treated with probing or silicone-tube intubation. The majority of patients showed symptom improvement (75.2%) during the two months of follow-up. Conclusions: Dacryoscintigraphy is a non-invasive method of qualitatively and quantitatively diagnosing nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children with tearing.
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