심층 신경망을 이용한 TBM 데이터 기반의 굴착 지반 예측 연구

김태환,곽노상,김택곤,정사범,고태영,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Kwak, No-Sang,Kim, Taek Kon,Jung, Sabum,Ko, Tae Young 한국터널지하공간학회 2021 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.23 No.1

암반 및 연약지반을 포함한 다양한 지반 조건에서 TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) 터널링이 활용되고 있다. 굴착 성능을 높이기 위해서 지반 조건에 따라 최적으로 장비를 운영해야 하며, 이를 통해 공기단축을 통한 비용 절감 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 하지만 시추 조사를 통해 획득한 지반 정보는 시추공 사이 불확실성이 존재하므로, 실시간 최적 운전에 부족함이 있다. 본 연구에서는 지반의 불확실성 문제를 해결하고자 5초마다 기록된 TBM 데이터를 활용하여 굴착 지반 예측시스템을 구축하고자 한다. 싱가포르 현장에서 획득한 화강암의 풍화도를 고려하여 암반, 토사, 복합지반 세 가지로 지질로 재분류하였고, 실시간으로 도출되는 기계 데이터로 이를 예측하고자 한다. 현장에서 획득한 TBM 데이터에 대해 이상치 제거, 정규화, 특성 추출 등의 전처리 방법을 적용하였고, 지질을 분류하기 위해 6개의 은닉층을 가진 심층 신경망(Deep Neural Network, DNN)을 활용하였다. 10겹 교차검증을 통해 분류 시스템을 평가한 결과, 평균 75.4%의 정확도를 확인하였다(총 데이터 388,639개). 본 연구를 통해 지질 불확실성을 감소시키고, 지반 조건에 따른 실시간 최적 운전에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. Tunnel boring machine (TBM) is widely used for tunnel excavation in hard rock and soft ground. In the perspective of TBM-based tunneling, one of the main challenges is to drive the machine optimally according to varying geological conditions, which could significantly lead to saving highly expensive costs by reducing the total operation time. Generally, drilling investigations are conducted to survey the geological ground before the TBM tunneling. However, it is difficult to provide the precise ground information over the whole tunnel path to operators because it acquires insufficient samples around the path sparsely and irregularly. To overcome this issue, in this study, we proposed a geological type classification system using the TBM operating data recorded in a 5 s sampling rate. We first categorized the various geological conditions (here, we limit to granite) as three geological types (i.e., rock, soil, and mixed type). Then, we applied the preprocessing methods including outlier rejection, normalization, and extracting input features, etc. We adopted a deep neural network (DNN), which has 6 hidden layers, to classify the geological types based on TBM operating data. We evaluated the classification system using the 10-fold cross-validation. Average classification accuracy presents the 75.4% (here, the total number of data were 388,639 samples). Our experimental results still need to improve accuracy but show that geology information classification technique based on TBM operating data could be utilized in the real environment to complement the sparse ground information.

하치조신경 전달 마취 시 알칼리화 된 리도카인의 마취 효능에 관한 임상적 연구

김태환,김경욱,김철환,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Kim, Kyung-Wook,Kim, Chul-Hwan 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2005 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.27 No.3

Inferior alveolar nerve block using lidocaine is the most frequent local anesthetic method in the dental treatment, but clinically it is not always successful. The 2% lidocaine cartridge has been used commonly in dental anesthesia. It contains vasoconstrictor and antioxidant, which presents low pH which provides chemical stability and longer shelf life. But alkalinized local anesthetics has less tissue trauma, easier dissociation of the non-ionized base which penetrates nerve sheath, rapid onset and more intensity. In this study, in inferior alveolar nerve block, alkalinized lidocaine using sodium bicarbonate (experimental group) is compared with plain lidocaine (control group) about injection pain, anesthetic onset, duration and postinjection discomfort. In inferior alveolar nerve block, alkalinized lidocaine using sodium bicarbonate showed lower injection pain. There was significant difference statistically from plain lidocaine(p=0.019). Comparing with plain lidocaine, alkalinized lidocaine produced more rapid onset (lip & pulp anesthetic onset), there was no significant difference(p>0.05). but there was boundary significance (0.05<p=0.094<0.1). Alkalinized lidocaine produced higher anesthetic success rate than plain lidocaine, there was significant difference (p=0.016). There was no significant difference in duration and postinjection discomfort between alkalinized and plain lidocaine(p>0.05). These results suggest that addition of sodium bicarbonate to 2% lidocaine(1:100,000 epinephrine) for inferior alveolar nerve block is more effective for reduction of injection pain and onset time.

소음인(少陰人) 소음병(少陰病)환자의 치험 1례

김태환,김현호,임은철,김은이,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Kim, Hyun-Ho,Lim, Eun-Chul,Kim, Eun-Yl 사상체질의학회 2005 사상체질의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to give an account of the effects of the Korean herbal medicine therapy which is based on the Sasang constitutional medicine for the patient who has suffered from Soeum-disease(少陰病). 2. Methods The subject is a 73-year old woman who has the symptoms caused by sequella of cerebral infarction and depression mood which are headache, dizziness, ostalgia, chilling, anorexia, general weakness. 3. Results We have diagnosed her as Soeumin(少陰人), and have prescribed Kwankae bujaijung-tang(官桂附子理中湯). 4. Conclusions The consequence is the accompanied headache, dizziness, ostalgia, chilling, anorexia, and general condition has improved.

진동만과 가막만에 서식하는 잘피 개체군의 생장 동태 및 탄소고정량 추정

김태환,박상률,김영균,김종협,김승현,김정하,정익교,이근섭,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Rark, Sang-Rul,Kim, Young-Kyun,Kim, Jong-Hyeob,Kim, Seung-Hyeon,Kim, Jeong-Ha,Chung, Ik-Kyo,Lee, Kun-Seop 한국조류학회(藻類) 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.3

Since seagrasses in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems achieve high levels of production, they require high inorganic carbon and nutrient incorporation. Thus, seagrasses may play a significant role in carbon and nutrient cycling in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems. To examine growth dynamics of Zostera marina L. environmental factors such as underwater irradiance, water temperature, and salinity, and biological parameters such as shoot density, biomass, shoot morphology, and leaf productivity were measured in two bay systems (Jindong Bay and Gamak Bay) on the southern coast of Korea. While underwater irradiance did not show distinct seasonal trend, water temperature at both sites exhibited clear seasonal trend throughout the experimental period. Shoot density increased dramatically during winter due to the increased seedlings through germination of seeds in Jindong Bay and due to the increased lateral shoots in Gamak Bay. Eelgrass biomass increased during winter and decreased during summer. Maximum biomass in Jindong Bay and Gamak Bay was 250.2 and 232.3 g dry weight m–a2, respectively. Carbon incorporation into the eelgrass leaf tissues was estimated from productivity and leaf tissues carbon content. The calculated annual carbon incorporations at the Jindong Bay and Gamak Bay sites were 163 and 295 g C m–`2 y–`1, respectively. This high carbon incorporation into seagrass tissues suggests that seagrass habitats play an important role as a carbon absorber in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems.

담배거세미나방과 파밤나방에 활성이 있는 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai CAB109 균주의 특성

김태환,김다아,김기수,서미자,윤영남,유용만,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Kim, Da-A,Kim, Ki-Su,Seo, Mi-Ja,Youn, Young-Nam,Yu, Yong-Man 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.48 No.4

국내에서 분리된 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai CAB109균주가 난방제 해충으로 알려진 담배거세미나방과 파밤나방에 동시에 높은 독성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. B.t. CAB109 균주의 활성을 평가하기 위해 혈청형이 aizawai이면서 미생물농약으로 시판중인 TB-WP제품 및 SC제품과의 살충활성을 비교한 결과, B.t. CAB109균주, TB-WP제품, SC제품은 담배거세미나방 2령충에 대한 반수치사농도($LC_{50}$)가 각각 $1.3{\times}10^5cfu/ml$, $2.3{\times}10^6cfu/ml$, $5.2{\times}10^5cfu/ml$으로 나타났고 파밤나방 2령충에 대한 반수치사농도는 $1.8{\times}10^4cfu/ml$, $1.3{\times}10^6cfu/ml$, $1.5{\times}10^6cfu/ml$으로 나타나 두 종 해충 모두에서 B.t. CAB109 균주가 독성이 더 높은 것을 볼 수 있었다. B.t. CAB109균주가 이미 알려져 있는 aizawai와 비교해 차이가 나는 새로운 유전자를 소유하는지 확인하기 위해 Plasmid DNA를 추출하여 전기영동 한 결과 B.t. subsp. aizawai HD-133과 다른 패턴을 보이는 것을 확인 할 수 있었고 Cry1-Cry5의 primer를 사용하여 PCR을 진행한 결과 B.t. subsp. aizawai CAB109균주는 Cry1Aa, 1Ab, 1C, 1D를 B.t. subsp. aizawai HD-133은 Cry1Aa, 1Ab를 가지고 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai CAB109 isolated in Korea is known active against Spodoptera sp.. Especially, B. thuringiensis aizawai CAB109 isolates showed 100% mortality against Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua. To screen highly active B. thuringiensis, the pathogenicity of B. thuringiensis CAB109 was compared with that of commercialized B. thuringiensis products. $LC_{50}$ values of CAB109, product TB-WP and product SC strains of B. thuringiensis were $1.3{\times}10^5$, $2.3{\times}10^6$ and $5.2{\times}10^5\;cfu/ml$ against the 2nd larva of S. litura and $1.8{\times}10^4$, $1.3{\times}10^6$ and $1.5{\times}10^6\;cfu/ml$ against the 2nd larva S. exigua, respectively. To determine new gene's existence and absence, the plasmid DNA was extracted, and compared to that of B.t. aizawai HD-133. Both B. thuringiensis were not like plasmid DNA pattern. PCR technique was used to predict both plasmid DNA's cry gene. PCR products analysis showed that B.t. CAB109 harbor Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1C and Cry1D and B.t. HD-133 has Cry1Aa and Cry1Ab, respectively.

침술에 의한 합병증으로 발생한 저작간극 농양: 증례보고 및 문헌 고찰

김태환,이춘호,박준우,박영욱,김민근,김성곤,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Lee, Choon-Ho,Park, Jun-Woo,Park, Young-Wook,Kim, Min-Keun,Kim, Seong-Gon 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2009 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.31 No.6

The masticatory space abscess caused by the acupuncture is a rare condition. A 27-year-old Korean man presented right buccal and submandibular space abscess induced by the acupuncture during his treatment of the temporomandibular disorder. The case was presented with review of literatures.

미세공 조절에 의한 탄소제립물의 분자체 효과

김태환,이재훈,김권일,김종휘,성재석 ( Tae Hwan Kim,Jae Hoon Lee,Kweon Ill Kim,Jong Huy Kim,Jae Suk Sung ) 한국공업화학회 1998 공업화학 Vol.9 No.6

구제역 바이러스를 대체할 모델 바이러스 선별

김태환,틸리나,김재훈,이광녕,박종현,김철중,이종수,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Herath, Thilina U. B.,Kim, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Kwang-Nyeong,Park, Jong-Hyeon,Kim, Chul-Joong,Lee, Jong-Soo 한국미생물학회 2017 미생물학회지 Vol.53 No.4

구제역 바이러스 연구가 BSL-3 시설에 제한되기 때문에 여러 가지 소독제나 항바이러스 제제에 대한 효력 및 효능 평가가 쉽게 이루어질 수 없다. 따라서 구제역 바이러스와 계통학적으로 유사한 bovine rhinovirus (BRV)와 human rhinovirus (HRV)의 특성을 열, pH 그리고 여러가지 소독제를 이용하여 평가하였다. 그 결과 구제역 바이러스의 성상과 매우 흡사한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 BRV와 HRV는 구제역 바이러스를 대체할 수 있는 모델 바이러스로 이용이 가능하다. Researchers have comparatively fewer opportunities to conduct experiments on foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), owing to the limited availability of biosafety level 3 facilities. Bovine rhinovirus (BRV) and human rhinovirus (HRV), which are genetically closely related to FMDV, have been evaluated in this study as model viruses for FMDV. To discover whether BRV and HRV have similar physicochemical properties as FMDV, virus susceptibility tests have been performed in different physical (pH and heat) and chemical (acidic/alkaline solutions and commercial disinfectants) conditions in vitro. Our data revealed that the physicochemical characteristics of BRV and HRV were nearly similar to those of FMDV.

피난사다리 도입을 위한 한·일 비교 연구

김태환,Kim, Tae-hwan 한국재난정보학회 2008 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

The trend of constructing skyscraper has arisen to the offistel and apartment complex due to the lack of exploitable land and urbanization. But, the phenomenon of the multi-story buildings is different from the regular building because of the possibility of mass disaster in fire. Therefore, Analyzing and comparing our actual condition and Japanese, It is going to be suggested that the introduction of fire escape ladder for residents in emergency.

우(牛), 마(馬), 돈(豚) 및 견(犬)의 실질장기내(實質臟器內) Mast Cell 분포(分布)와 Rompun을 투여(投與)한 견(犬)의 Mast Cell 탈과립소견(脫顆粒所見)

김태환,이차수,Kim, Tae-hwan,Lee, Cha-soo 대한수의학회 1985 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

This paper dealt with the distribution of normal mast cells in the spleen, liver and lung on cattle, horses, pigs and dogs, and also degranulation of mast cells in the dogs infected with Rompun (2% Xylazine HCl). The results observed are summarized as follows. Normal mast cells were distributed in spleen, liver and lung on cattle, horse, pig and dog. Mast cells were observed in both red pulp and surroundings of white pulp of the spleen in horse, in the white pulp of the spleen in cattle, in the trabeculae of the spleen in pigs, and in white pulp and red pulp of the spleen in dogs, respectively. Mast cells were observed in the portal triad of the liver in cattle and horses, in both portal triad and interlobular connective tissues of the liver in pigs, and not only the portal triad but also walls of the sinusoids and the central veins in dogs. A large number of mast cells were observed in the interlobular septa and peribronchioles of lung on all the species in this experiment. The mast cells are more numerous in the lungs than other organs. Author considers that numbers of normal mast cells distributed in the tissue is related to the dosage of Rompun in animal. The degranulation of mast cells were observed in the subcutaneous tissues of dog intramuscularly injected with Rompun(0.5ml/times) for 4 or 5 times and subcutaneously injected with Rompun(0.3ml/times) for 4 times. In dog intradermally injected with 0.1ml of Rompun, mast cells were decreased in number at 30 minutes and markedly decreased in number at 2 hours, but more or less increased in number at 3 hours after injection. In addition, the granules of the mast cells were decreased in number at 30 minutes and marked degranulation of the mast cells were recognized at 2 hours after injections, but normal mast cells begun to appear in subcutaneous tissue with the lapse of time from 3 hours after injection. There was also observed local infiltration of neutrophils in subcutaneous tissues of dogs intradermally injected with 0.1ml of Rompun at 30 minutes. At 2 hours after injection, numerous neutrophils and a small number of eosinophils were observed in the site of injection. Conclusionally, Rompun was regarded as a factor which causes the degranulateon of mast cell and the authors considered that histamine released from the mast cells by Rompun might cause relaxation of skeletal muscle.