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김중업의 「경주 석굴암 보수공사 설계」(1961-1962)에 관한 고찰
우동선,김태형,Woo, Don-Son,Kim, Tae-hyung 한국건축역사학회 2021 건축역사연구 Vol.30 No.4
This study examines the Gyeongju Seokguram Grotto restoration project (1961-1962) by architect Kim Chung Up (1922-1988) and introduces the documents he wrote at the time of planning. The study highlights Kim's Plan attempt to adopt Buckminster Fuller's idea of the Geodesic Dome, while inheriting the architect Pai Ki Hyung's previous design plan which was nullified. As Seokguram Grotto's water leak and deterioration issues have been brought up, the four-times survey was carried out by experts team between 1958 and 1960, under Ministry of Education's direction. Pai designed an initial restoration plan based on the survey's result, which was a double-dome structure with a concrete film on the outer periphery as a way to protect Seokguram Grotto in January 1961. However, as drawbacks, such as the heavy load of the concrete dome, and non-installation of entrance hall, have been indicated in the review process, the Cultural Properties Committee rejected the plan. Subsequently, Kim was appointed as the supervisor of the second restoration project. Kim drew up a process management schedule to be implemented from August 1961 to December 1963 and designed the conception plans for the second restoration design. This study analyzes Kim's Plan by examining sketches, site plans, floor plans, and sections. Kim planned to maintain the idea of the double-dome structure proposed by Pai while applying Buckminster Fuller's idea of the Geodesic Dome. Kim planned to lighten the dome structure by applying a steel-frame Geodesic Dome so that the dome structure could be supported by its own. The study is expected to reclaim the omitted parts from Seokguram Grotto's historical description and Kim's careers.
김태형,이중하,신정국,장지향,김정수,전철규,권순범,윤태훈,김재창,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Lee, Joong-Ha,Shen, Zheng-Guo,Jang, Ji-Hyang,Kim, Jeong-Soo,Jhun, Chul-Gyu,Kwon, Soon-Bum,Yoon, Tae-Hoon,Kim, Jae-Chang 한국광학회 2011 한국광학회지 Vol.22 No.1
쌍안정 카이랄 스플레이 네마틱 액정표시소자는 스플레이 상태와 $-\pi$ 꼬인 상태를 쌍안정 상태로 사용하는 메모리 액정표시소자이다. 셀 갭/피치의 값이 0.25일 경우 완전한 쌍안정 상태를 갖지만, $-\pi$ 꼬인 상태에서 스플레이 상태로 전이시키기 위하여 fringe 전계를 인가할 경우 픽셀영역은 전계의 왜곡에 의해서 완전한 스플레이 상태가 아니라 $-\pi$ 꼬인 상태를 부분적으로 유지하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 화소영역에서 두 안정한 상태가 공존하지 않는 $-\pi$ 꼬인 상태를 어두운 상태로 사용하는 반사형 쌍안정 카이랄 스플레이 네마틱 액정표시소자를 제안한다. 제작된 반사형 액정표시소자는 30:1의 고명암비를 나타냈으며, 응답속도는 수직전압 8 V, fringe 전압 12 V의 구동 전압으로 각각 쓰기 응답시간이 950 ms, 리셋 응답시간이 450 ms였다. 또한 제안된 셀은 +C 광학 보상 필름을 사용하여 좌우 방향에서 $180^{\circ}$의 광시야각을 나타냈다. Bistable chiral splay nematic liquid crystal display (BCSN LCD) is a memory type liquid crystal display using splay and $-\pi$ twist states as two stable states. When the cell thickness to pitch (d/p) ratio is 0.25, splay and $-\pi$ twist states have permanent memory time. However, when the transition from $-\pi$ twist state to splay state is caused by a fringe field, pixel regions show that the splay state is not perfect, but rather includes a contribution from the $-\pi$ twist state. In this paper, we propose a reflective BCSN LCD using $-\pi$ twist state in which the two stable states do not coexist. The fabricated reflective BCSN LC cell shows a high contrast ratio of over 30:1 and response times of 950 ms and 450 ms in vertical and fringe field switching, respectively. The proposed cell also shows wide viewing angle characteristics of $180^{\circ}$ in left- and right directions.
Modeling of the Tensile Strength of Unsaturated Granular Soil Using Soil-water Characteristic Curve
김태형,김찬기,김태훈,Kim Tae-Hyung,Kim Chan-Kee,Kim Tae-Hoon Korean Geotechnical Society 2004 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.20 No.7
본 연구는 불포화 상태 전 범위에 대한 사질토의 인장강도 모델화 가능성을 조사하기 위해 실시 되었다. 새로 개발된 직접인장시험기법을 이용하여 인장시험이 실시되었다. 측정된 결과는 Rumpf 및 Schubert가 동일크기의 이상적인 구에 대해 개발한 이론적인 인장강도 모델들에 의한 예측 값과 비교 되었다. 이를 위해 석션-포화실험을 통해 얻어진 흙-수분특성곡선을 이용하여 이론모델에 있어 중요한 요소인 불포화상태(pendular, funicular, capillary) 구분 및 음의 간극수압 값을 산정하는데 사용하였다. Pendular 상태에서 불포화모래의 비선형 거동이 Rumpf의 모델에 의해 적절이 묘사되었다. Funicular 및 capillary상태의 경우, 함수비가 증가함에 따라 인장강도가 증가하다 최고 값이 도달한 후 다시 감소하는 실험 측정치의 경향도 Schubert의 모델에 의해 적절히 묘사되었다. 본 비교 연구는 이상적인 단일 크기의 입자에 대해 개발된 이론적인 모델이 다양한 크기를 갖는 불포화 사질토의 인장강도를 예측할 수 있다는 가능성을 뒷받침해준다. This study was conducted to explore the tensile strength models in granular soil at the full range of unsaturated state. Direct tension experiments were carried out with a newly developed direct tension technique. The measured experimental data were compared with theoretical models developed by Rumpf and Schubert for monosized ideal particulate solids at the unsaturated state. To do this, the soil-water characteristic curve obtained from a suction-saturation experiment was used to define the unsaturation state and the negative pore water pressure with different water content levels, which are important factors in theoretical tensile strength models. The nonlinear behavior of the tensile strength for unsaturated granular soil at the pendular state is appropriately simulated with Rumpf's model. For the funicular and capillary states, the predicted trend by Schubert's model is properly matched with the experimental data: tensile strength steadily increases and reaches a maximum value and then decreases until it reaches zero. This comparison supports the concept that the tensile strength of unsaturated real granular soil can be approximately simulated with theoretical models.
편측 신장 무형성 및 쇄항을 동반한 Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser(MRKH) 증후군 1례
김태형,김진희,김수영,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Kim, Jin-Hee,Kim, Soo-Yung 대한소아신장학회 2006 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.10 No.2
MRKH 증후군은 비뇨생식기계 및 골격계에 기형을 동반하지만 쇄항에 대한 동반 기형유무 검사상에서 MRKH 증후군으로 진단된 경우는 거의 보고되고 있지 않다. 이에 저자들은 쇄항을 주소로 내원한 34주 미숙아에서 MRKH 증후군으로 진단된 본 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. The clinical features of the Mayer-Rokitansky-K$\ddot{u}$ster-Hauser(MRKH) syndrome include normal female secondary sex characteristics, normal genitalia, congenital absence of vagina, rudimentary or bipartite uterus, normal ovarian function and normal ovulation, 46, XX, karyotype, frequent association of renal, skeletal and other congenital anomalies. We experienced a case of a premature infant with MRKH syndrome who had imperforate anus and unilateral renal agenesis.
SmBCO 초전도 층착을 위한 RABiTS상의 CeO<sub>2</sub> 단일 버퍼 연구
김태형,김호섭,이남진,하홍수,고락길,하동우,송규정,오상수,박경채,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Kim, Ho-Sup,Lee, Nam-Jin,Ha, Hong-Soo,Ko, Rock-Kil,Ha, Dong-Woo,Song, Kyu-Jeong,Oh, Sang-Soo,Park, Kyung-Chae 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.6
As a rule, high temperature superconducting coated conductors have multi-layered buffers consisting of seed, diffusion barrier and cap layers. Multi-buffer layer deposition requires longer fabrication time. This is one of main reasons which increases fabrication cost. Thus, single buffer layer deposition seems to be important for practical coated conductor process. In this study, a single layered buffer deposition of $CeO_2$ for low cost coated conductors has been tried using thermal evaporation technique. 100 nm-thick $CeO_2$ layers deposited by thermal evaporation were found to act as a diffusion layer. $1\;{\mu}m-thick$ SmBCO superconducting layers were deposited by thermal co-evaporation on the $CeO_2$ buffered Ni-5%W substrate. Critical current of 90 A/cm was obtained for the SmBCO coated conductors.
결막 내 이식했던 양막을 이용한 난치성 각막 윤부결핍 질환 치료 1예
김태형,정재훈,전연숙,김재찬,Tae Hyung Kim,Jae Hoon Jeong,Yeoun Sook Chun,Jae Chan Kim 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.9
Purpose: To report the use of amniotic membrane (AM) as a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) carrier in cornea perforation with severe limbal stem cell deficiency due to a chemical burn on both eyes. Case summary: The patient in the present study is a 43-year-old man with a history of bilateral alkaline chemical injury six years previously. The patient suffered from total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) in the injured eyes and underwent numerous operations including autologous conjunctival flap, AM graft, penetrating keratoplasty, keratolimbal autograft and ex vivo expanded limbal allogrft. However, the patient’s ocular condition deteriorated due to persistent LSCD, which led to corneal perforation resulting in the need for an urgent therapeutic operation. In the patient’s past ocular history, Ahmed valve implantation was performed for uncontrolled IOP. Revision of the Ahmed tube due to exposure and conjunctival erosion was performed again via placement of an AM over the exposed tube one year previous to presentation to our hospital. The authors performed a transplanted AM graft at the cornea perforation using sub-conjunctival AM believed to contain MSCs. Six months postoperatively, the ocular surface was well mainatained and the graft remained healthy. Transplanted AM showed morphological and immunohistochemical findings similar to those of MSCs. Conclusions: Results from the present study confirm that AM transplanted into the conjunctiva is a useful carrier of bone marrow-derived MSCs in severe ocular surface diseases. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(9):1104-1108
상악 완전 무치악 및 하악 부분 무치악 환자에서 임플란트 지지형 고정성 보철물을 이용한 전악 수복 증례 보고
김태형,오경철,문홍석,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Oh, Kyung-Chul,Moon, Hong-Seok 대한치과보철학회 2019 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.57 No.4
넓은 영역의 무치악 부위를 수복하기 위한 전통적인 방법은 의치를 이용한 치료다. 하지만, 임플란트를 활용할 경우 보철물의 안정과 유지, 그리고 지지의 측면에서 더 유리하며, 저작효율이 향상되는 등 기능적으로 더 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 이 같은 임플란트를 이용한 치료방법은 크게 가철성과 고정성 방식으로 분류될 수 있으며, 치조골의 흡수정도, 악간관계, 환자의 선호도, 사회 경제적 요인 등을 고려하여 적절한 접근 방식을 선택하여야 한다. 한편, 지르코니아의 물성이 크게 개선됨에 따라, 임플란트 지지형 고정성 보철물의 재료로서 단일구조 지르코니아가 각광을 받고 있다. 단일구조 지르코니아는 지르코니아 코어에 세라믹을 비니어링 한 보철물이나 금속 도재관보다 파절과 chipping의 빈도가 적으며 지르코니아 자체가 충분한 두께를 가질 수 있어 구조적으로 좋은 물성을 지닐 수 있다. 최근에는 투명도가 증진된 단일구조 지르코니아도 출시되어, 전치부 보철물을 위한 재료로도 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 증례의 남환은 상악 양측 구치부의 결손 및 다수 잔존치의 중등도 이상의 전반적 만성 치주염 이환으로 인해, 하악 양측 견치 및 좌측 제1, 2 소구치를 제외한 모든 치아를 발치한 후, 상악 8개 및 하악 3개의 임플란트 식립을 동반한 전악 수복 치료를 받았다. 보철물 장착 후 1년 간의 경과 관찰 기간 동안 기능적, 심미적으로 만족할만한 결과를 얻어 이를 보고하는 바이다. A conventional approach for the treatment of long-span edentulous areas is the use of removable dentures. However, placing implants in these areas results in superior functional outcomes by increasing the stability, support, and resistance of the prostheses and improving the masticatory efficiency. Treatment modalities utilizing implants can be further classified into either removable or fixed-type prostheses. Several factors such as the amount of alveolar bone resorption, inter-arch relationship, patient preferences, and socioeconomic status should be considered when determining the appropriate treatment approach. Monolithic zirconia has been considered a suitable material for implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis, because of the drastic improvement in its mechanical properties. It exhibits fewer incidences of fracture and chipping of the prostheses, and has greater bulk of material than metal-ceramic crowns and zirconia-veneered ceramics. Moreover, highly translucent monolithic zirconia is also available in the market, and its application is gradually increasing for anterior tooth rehabilitation. The present report describes a patient who underwent full-mouth rehabilitation with fixed dental prostheses (eight upper and three lower implant placements). All teeth, except bilateral mandibular canines and left mandibular first and second premolars, were extracted after the diagnosis of generalized chronic moderate-to-advanced periodontitis of the remaining teeth. The patient reported satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes during the one-year follow-up visit.
김태형,최상덕,KIM, Tae-Hyung,CHOI, Sang-Duk The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safet 2021 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.27 No.6
COVID-19가 전 세계를 강타하면서 각 국가는 대혼란에 빠졌다. 전 세계 화물교역은 80 % 이상이 해상운송을 통해 이루어지고 있어 화물과 여객을 포함한 해상운송업은 COVID-19의 큰 영향을 받는 산업으로 예측되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 코로나 팬데믹(Coronavirus Pandemic) 발생 전후로 아시아 주요 항만 컨테이너 항구의 팬데믹 전후 운영효율성을 분석하는 것이다. 항만의 운영효율성을 분석하기 위해서 자료포락분석(DEA)을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 분석 기간은 5년(2016~2020년)으로 2016년, 2017년, 2018년, 2019년을 코로나 이전으로 하고, 2020년을 포스트 코로나 시대로 설정하였다. 또한, 분석 대상으로는 아시아 상위 10개 항구 중 동종 DMU의 DEA 요건을 충족시킨 상하이, 광저우, 선전, 닝보-저우산, 부산 및 싱가포르 총 7개 항구를 선택하였다. DEA의 CCR 및 BCC 모델의 결과는 몇 가지 비효율성이 확인되었음에도 COVID-19 팬데믹 발생 시점에서 몇 개월 이후부터는 전반적으로 운영효율성이 코로나 이전 몇 년 동안보다 상대적으로 높았음을 확인하였다. 하지만 일부 항만 (부산, 광저우)의 경우에는 더욱 나은 운영효율성을 위해서 항만의 규모와 운영의 기술적 능력 등을 제고 할 필요가 있다. The COVID-19 virus has generated major shockwaves in all spheres of human life since its outbreak. Maritime transport (both cargo and passenger) is one of the industries most heavily affected, yet over 80% of the world cargo is transported by sea. This study analyzes maritime port operational efficiencies before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to determine whether the pandemic has caused major differences in the operational efficiencies of many leading Asian maritime container ports via data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results of both the CCR and BCC models reveal that overall, efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic has been higher than before the pandemic despite a few inefficiencies. This implies that the pandemic has so far not has major consequences for the operational efficiency of maritime ports. However, two ports (Busan and Guangzhou) should adjust the scale sizes and technical capacities of their operations to improve performance.
김태형,진성민,송윤경,이승석,이경철,권기환,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Jin, Sung-Min,Song, Yun-Kyung,Lee, Seung-Suk,Lee, Kyung-Chul,Kwon, Kee-Hwan 대한후두음성언어의학회 2004 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.15 No.1
Background and Objective : Voice disorders are one of the major occupational hazards of school teaching. Prolonged voice use through verbal instruction has been implicated as a cause of vocal impairment among members of this profession. They all depend on their voice for their livelihood and are greatly alarmed by slightest alteration in voice quality. Despite considerable research in the area of voice problems in teachers, the prevalence of voice disorders in this group is unknown. Severe voice problems can affect teacher's ability to teach in the classroom. Materials and Method : This study investigated the prevalence of self-reported voice problems in teachers using a survey of a simple random sample of middle school teachers (n=1000). As part of the survey, teachers were asked to report voice problems for the day of the survey, duration, main symptom, smoking, caffeine, alcohol history etc. Results : The reponse rate was 91%(n=94) with 89.7%(n=812) teachers reporting voice problems on the day of the survey, and 40%(n=330) of these group reporting the history of medical consult. Conclusion : These finding indicate a need for vocal hygiene education in teachers and for the development of educational programs aimed at preventing voice problems in this group of professional voice users.
마이크로파 탐색기의 HPRF 파형에 대한 지표면 부엽 클러터 분포의 추정
김태형,변영진,이재웅,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Byun, Young-Jin,Yi, Jae-Woong 한국군사과학기술학회 2009 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.12 No.1
Tracking and detecting targets by the M/W seeker is affected by the clutter reflecting from the earth's surface. In order to detect the look-down retreating targets, which appear in the sidelobe clutter region, in the M/W seeker of High PRF mode, it is necessary to understand statistical characteristics of the surface sidelobe clutter. Statistical analysis of sidelobe clutter is conducted for several configurations of the surface using data obtained by the CFT (Captive Flight Test) of the M/W seeker in High PRF mode. The probability density function(PDF) fitting is conducted for several configuration and conditions of the surface. PDFs and PDF parameters, which best describe statistical distribution of sidelobe clutter, are estimated.