인문사회와 과학기술 및 예술의 융합을 위한 STEAM 융합교육 이론

김진수 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2016 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.6 No.5

Traditional discipline-centered curriculum focused each discipline area itself. But, the converging movement of several disciplines are widely spreading from the 21st century. If several disciplines are converged, it will be easy to develop the advanced technology products, colleges will be able to supply to many students the perspective with wide latitude. Convergence education which is a broader sense of the integrative education was started in the United States since 2005. In Korea, since 2011 the convergence education has been operating at elementary, middle, high school level. The integrative STEM education and the convergent STEAM education were started either of them in the United States. These STEM and STEAM educations were first introduced in Korea by Jinsoo Kim in 2007. Subsequently, the Ministry of Education of Korean government adopted a STEAM education policy for primary and secondary education. Several research articles were published about the STEAM education by some domestic researchers for the past 4 years. In this paper, I introduce the STEAM education theories and models for converging of Humanities·Sociology, Science·Technology, and Arts disciplines. These STEAM education theories will be able to use for education and research of college level and kindergarten education. 전통적인 학문중심 교육과정에서는 개별 전공 분야가 가지는 학문자체가 중요하였다. 그러나 21세기가 되면서 다양한 학문을 융합하려는 움직임이 매우 널리 퍼지고 있다. 학문을 융합하게 되면 첨단 과학기술 제품을 더욱 잘 개발할 수 있으며, 대학에서는 융합 학문을 통하여 학생들에게 폭넓은 안목을 심어줄 수 있다. 통합교육보다 넒은 의미를 갖는 융합교육은 미국에서 2005년부터 본격 시작되었고, 한국에서는 2011년부터 초등학교부터 고등학교까지 운영되고 있다. 21세기에 미국에서 시작된 통합교육에는 STEM 교육이 있고, 융합교육으로는 STEAM 교육이 있다. 이러한 융합교육은 2007년에 김진수에 의하여 한국에 처음 소개되었다. 뒤이어 한국의 교육부에서는 2011년에 초등학교부터 고등학교까지 융합교육을 하기 위해서 STEAM 교육 정책을 도입하였다. 지난 4년동안 국내에서 여러 연구자들에 의하여 STEAM 교육에 대한 연구논문들이 발표되었다. 이 논문에서는 인문사회와 과학기술 및 예술의 융합을 위한 STEAM 융합 이론 및 모형을 소개하고자 한다. 이 STEAM 융합교육 이론은 대학교 및 유치원에서의 융합교육과 연구에 적용이 가능할 것으로 생각한다.

일제수리사 (III) - 수리조합 -

김진수,Kim, Jin-Soo 한국관개배수위원회 2009 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.16 No.1

Desflurane 이 심근 소포체로부터의 Ca2+ 배출에 미치는 영향

김진수,이영석,심재광,남용택,배선준,문진천 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.40 No.3

세밀하게 조절된 나노구조 TiO₂그래뉼의 제조

김진수 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.2

졸겔법과 해교 및 수열처리 등을 이용하여 TiO_(2) 나노입자를 제조하고, 이를 분무건조하여 구형의 나노구조 TiO_(2) 그래뉼을 제조하였다. TiO_(2)나노입자의 크기 및 결정상은 합성방법과 합성조건에 따라 다른 특성을 나타내었다. 나노구조 TiO_(2)그래뉼의 결정상, 비표면적, 기공분포 등은 피드용액 중의 나노입자를 제어하여 세밀하게 조절될 수 있었다. 특히 졸겔 침전물로 만든 그래뉼은 무결정상이며 bimodal 기공크기 분포를 갖는 반면, 해교된 졸과 수열처리 슬러리로 만든 그래뉼은 아나타제상의 monomodal 기공크기 분포를 갖는다. 제조된 그래뉼 중 수열처리 슬러리로 만든 그래뉼이 가장 높은 열적 안정성을 보였다. TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method, followed by peptization or hydrothermal process and then they were packaged into spherical nanostructured TiO₂ granules by spray drying. The size, crystallinity and other characteristics of TiO₂ particles are dependent upon the preparation methods and condition. The crystallinity, specific surface area, and pore size distribution of TiO₂ granules were precisely controlled by adjusting preparation conditions during nanoparticle synthesis. Especially, the granules from sol-gel precipitates were amorphous with bimodal pore size distribution, while those from peptized sol and hydrothermal slurry were anatase with monomodal pore size distribution. Among the investigated granules, the granules from hydrothermal process showed the best thermal stability.

해송의 Catalase(CAT) , Glutamate - oxalate transaminase(GOT) 와 Leucine aminopeptidase(LAP) 동위효소의 유전양식

김진수,홍용표 한국임학회 1984 한국산림과학회지 Vol.65 No.1

해송의 Catalase(CAT), Glutamate-oxalate transaminase(GOT)와 Leucine aminopeptidase(LAP) 同位酵素의 遺傳樣式 구명을 위하여 胚乳組織을 수평적 감자전분 전기영동법에 의하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1) CAT 同位酵素는 수 개의 band로 구성된 5가지(A1∼A5) 同位酵素 表現型이 觀察되었으며 이들 表現型들이 상호간에 1 : 1의 分離比를 보여 이들이 CAT-A 遺傳子座에 存在하는 5個의 對立遺傳子에 의하여 지배되는 것으로 推定되었다. 2) GOT同位酵素는 4개의 지역으로 分離되었으나 양극으로의 이동이 두 번째로 빠른 GOT-B 지역에서만 變異가 발견되었고, 觀察된 5개의 同位酵素 表現型(B1, B2, B3, B4, B0)들이 異形接合性인 母樹에서 1 : 1의 分離比를 보여 이들이 GOT-B 遺傳子座에 存在하는 5개의 對立遺傳子로 推定되었다. 3) LAP 同位酵素는 2개의 지역으로 分離되었으며 두 지역의 同位酵素 表現型들이 공히 1 : 1의 分離比를 보여 이들이 각각 단일 遺傳子座에 의해 지배됨이 推定되었고 각각의 遺傳子座에서 4개(A1, A2, A3, A0)와 2개(B1, B2)의 對立遺傳子가 確認되었다.

Effect of tracheal lidocaine on intubating conditions during propofol-remifentanil target-controlled infusion without neuromuscular blockade in day-case anesthesia

김진수,김대희,조한범,Chang Keun Oh,김종엽 대한마취통증의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.65 No.5

Background: Lidocaine is a useful intravenous and topical adjunct to facilitate tracheal intubation. We evaluated the effect of tracheal lidocaine on tracheal intubating conditions without neuromuscular blocking agent and hemodynamics during anesthesia induction with propofol and remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI). Methods: Fifty patients, aged 18-60 years, scheduled for closed reduction of fractured nasal bone were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 25) or lidocaine group (n = 25). Anesthesia was induced with propofol-remifentanil TCI with the effect-site concentration of 5 μg/ml and 5 ng/ml. Four minutes after the start of propofol-remifentanil TCI, 4% lidocaine or saline 3 ml was instilled to larynx and trachea, and intubation was performed 1 min later. Acceptable intubation was defined as excellent or good intubating conditions. Hemodynamic data, induction and recovery profiles were recorded. Results: Intubating condition was clinically acceptable in 13 out of 25 (52%) patients in the control group and in 22 out of 25 (88%) in the lidocaine group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups in regard to acceptable intubating conditions (P = 0.005). Mean arterial pressure change over time was significantly different between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the heart rate between the two groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that laryngotracheal administration of 4% lidocaine could increase the percentage of acceptable conditions for tracheal intubation during propofol and remifentanil anesthesia without neuromuscular blockade.

Comparison of effect-site concentration of remifentanil for tracheal intubation with the lightwand and laryngoscopy during propofol target-controlled infusion

김진수,김대희,민상기,Kyung-Mi Kim,김종엽 대한마취통증의학회 2011 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.60 No.6

Background: Target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and remifentanil can provide satisfactory intubating conditions without a neuromuscular blocking agent. We compared the effect-site concentration of remifentanil required for intubation with the lightwand and the Macintosh laryngoscope during propofol TCI without a neuromuscular blocking agent in adult patients. Methods: Forty-nine patients were randomly assigned to the lightwand group (n = 25) or the direct laryngoscope group (n = 24). Anesthesia was induced by propofol TCI with an effect-site concentration of 5.4 μg/ml. Two minutes after start of propofol TCI, remifentanil was administered at the predetermined effect-site concentration. The effectsite concentration of remifentanil was determined using Dixon’s up-and-down method (0.5 ng/ml as a step size). The first patient in each group was tested at 4.5 ng/ml of remifentanil. Tracheal intubation was performed 2 min after the start of remifentanil TCI. Acceptable intubation was defined as an excellent or good intubating conditions. Results: Using a modified Dixon’s up and down method, the EC50 ± SD of remifentanil in the lightwand and laryngoscope groups was 4.75 ± 0.71 ng/ml and 5.08 ± 0.52 ng/ml, respectively; there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.373). Conclusions: The effect-site concentration of remifentanil for acceptable intubation with the lightwand and Macintosh laryngoscope in 50% of adults did not differ during propofol TCI without a neuromuscular blocking agent.

Cervical plexus block

김진수,고저스틴상욱,방승욱,김형태,이숙영 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.71 No.4

Cervical plexus blocks (CPBs) have been used in various head and neck surgeries to provide adequate anesthesia and/ or analgesia; however, the block is performed in a narrow space in the region of the neck that contains many sensitive structures, multiple fascial layers, and complicated innervation. Since the intermediate CPB was introduced in addition to superficial and deep CPBs in 2004, there has been some confusion regarding the nomenclature and definition of CPBs, particularly the intermediate CPB. Additionally, as the role of ultrasound in the head and neck region has expanded, CPBs can be performed more safely and accurately under ultrasound guidance. In this review, the authors will describe the methods, including ultrasound-guided techniques, and clinical applications of conventional deep and superficial CPBs; in addition, the authors will discuss the controversial issues regarding intermediate CPBs, including nomenclature and associated potential adverse effects that may often be neglected, focusing on the anatomy of the cervical fascial layers and cervical plexus. Finally, the authors will attempt to refine the classification of CPB methods based on the target compartments, which can be easily identified under ultrasound guidance, with consideration of the effects of each method of CPB.

알코올성 간 손상 조직에서 TGF-β1와 c-Myc, Erb-B2, Thymosin-β4 유전자 발현 융합 연구

김진수,최상기 한국융합학회 2018 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.9 No.5

본 연구는 25% 에탄올에 손상된 간조직에서 TGF-β 1와 c-Myc, Erb-B2, Thymosin-β 4 유전자의 발현을 알아 보고 자 실시 하였다. 실험군은 2군으로 나누어 25% 에탄올로 간 손상을 유발한 실험군과 정제수를 투여한 대조군으로 나누어 실험하였다. 검사 결과는 25% 에탄올를 투여 했던 실험군은 대조군에 비하여 TGF-β 1, c-Myc 및 Thymosin-β 4 유전자의 발현 증가를 알 수 있었으며 Erb-B2 유전자는 뚜렷한 발현을 알 수 없었다. 또한 손상된 간 조직에서 헤마톡실린 에오진 염색을 통한 세포 손상을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 기존 임상에서 간 기능 관련 질병 예방과 질환 판정 시 혈청학적, 조직학적 검사 외에 TGF-β 1, c-Myc 및 Thymosin-β 4의 분자 진단 기법에 의한 유전자 발현 상태를 융합 검사함으로써 간 질환 판정의 보조 자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다. This study has been conducted to see the expression of TGF- β1, c-Myc, Erb-B2 and Thymosin- β4 genes in ethanol - damaged liver tissues. Experimental groups were divided into 2 groups, one where damaged liver was caused by 25% ethanol and normal group administered with purified water. Results of test showed the expression of TGF- β1, c-Myc, and Thymosin- β4 genes was higher in the experimental group treated with 25% ethanol than in the normal group. Erb-B2 gene was not expressed clearly. Thus, it is considered that we can expect to utilize TGF- β1, c-Myc 및 Thymosin- β4 as auxiliary data and find clinical meanings of diagnosis on hepatic diseases, In addition to serologic and histological examination by convergence examining the gene expression status by molecular diagnostic techniques in liver-related disease prevention and diagnosis through results of this study.

Self-Assembled InAs Quantum Dots on InP(001) for Long-Wavelength Laser Applications

김진수,홍성의,이진홍,오대곤,곽호상,Chul Wook Lee 한국전자통신연구원 2004 ETRI Journal Vol.26 No.5

Self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an InAlGaAs matrix were grown on an InP (001) using a solid-source molecular beam epitaxy and investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. TEM images indicated that the QD formation was strongly dependent on the growth behaviors of group III elements during the deposition of InAlGaAs barriers. We achieved a lasing operation of around 1.5 μm at room temperature from uncoated QD lasers based on the InAlGaAs-InAlAs material system on the InP (001). The lasing wavelengths of the ridge-waveguide QD lasers were also dependent upon the cavity lengths due mainly to the gain required for the lasing operation.