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합리적 신념과 비합리적 신념 : King Lear의 Cordelia & Macbeth의 Lady Macbeth
김지향 서울여자대학교 여성연구소 1987 여성연구논총 Vol.3 No.-
Shakespeare's treatment of women characters in the tragedies is democratic to a great extent. Shakespeare saw men and women as equal in a world which declared them unequal. Shakespeare's women are people and individuals. He represents them as infallibly faithful women. The purpose of the thesis is to explain the heroines in Shakespearean tragedy in terms of faith. Faith is a character trait pervading the whole personality, rather than a specific belief. This writer attempted to analyze their faith by using Erich Fromm's theory:rational faith, irrational faith. Irrational faith refers to a kind of belief (in a person or an idea) which is based on one's submission to irrational authority. In contrast, rational faith is a conviction which is rooted in one's own experience of thought or feeling. Rational faith is not primarily belief in something, but the quality of certainty and firmness which our convictions have. Desdemona and Cordelia have rational faith in themselves. It is strong faith in Desdemona that confronts Brabantio with a 'divided duty'. Desdemona wants freedom through a conscious dissociation from the image in her father's eyes. Desdemona loved Othello as 'thick lips', 'an old black ram', and 'a Barbary horse' in common. It is moderate faith in Cordelia that rejects the world's assessment of her property worth, in order to keep her dignity. Her spirit is not dependent on Lear's estimate accessing Cordelia in terms of money. Desdemona and Cordelia are separated from their fathers. Strong faith and moderated faith are rooted in their own experience, in the confidence in one's power of thought, observation, and judgement. And faith is the very in their personality which is unchangeable and which persists throughout their life in spite of varing circumstances, and regardless of certain changes in opinions and feelings. On the other hand, Lady Macbeth and Ophelia have irrational faith in themselves. Lady Macbeth is a wicked woman. It is onesided faith in Lady Macbeth that makes her play a manly role in the murder; when Macbeth intends to murder King Duncan, the cowardice in Macbeth makes him hesitate the murder. Ophelia is only one weak woman in Shakespeare's women. It is weak faith in Ophelia that obeys her father. Her father is an authority or the majority. Onesided faith and weak faith are irrational faith. This faith is rooted in submission to a power which is felt to be overwhelmingly strong, omnient and omnipotent, and in the abdication of one's power and strength. Irrational faith is the acceptance of something as true only because of an authority or the majority. We can get the fact that all the tragedies of Shakespearean tragic heroines is caused by their faith. All these show that for Shakespearean tragedy death is very much a part of life;and, in the sense of the play, to be lived through and endured as life itself. Death is so common in, and so proper to, such tragedy, that the existence of the characters is confirmed by it and not extinguished. Desdemona and Cordelia are justified only in death. Desdemona is not a whore. Cordelia's silence is not pride, but virtue. Lady Macbeth and Ophelia experience a state of isolation, suffering, and die despairingly. Their death is an escape of life. Shakespeare's women share with other women's experience which men can never have. Shakespeare's suggestion that the masculine spirit makes a woman, not less but more feminine. In conclusion, it is possible that we regard Shakespeare's heroines as women of faith.
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Differential Functions of Caffeine and Ascorbic acid in γ-Irradiated Male Mice
김지향,윤용달,전기정,김진규 한국환경생물학회 2005 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.23 No.4
Radioprotection is of practical importance for the normal tissues of tumor patientssubject to radiotherapy, people with planned or accidental exposure to radiation, and the publicand radiation workers. Since oxygen enhances radiationinduced biological damage, antioxi-dants should be related with the function as a radioprotectors. Ascorbic acid or caffeine is anThe present study investigates functional radioprotection of caffeine and ascorbic acid againstgamma radiation in irradiated C57BL/6N mice. Eightweek old male C57BL/6N mice wereirradiated with 6.5Gy. A caffeine treated group was administered with 80mg kg1 body weight byintraperitoneal injection, a single treatment 1hr before irradiation. Ascorbic acid was administer-ed 330 mg L1 in drinking water through all the experimental period. According to timeafter wholebody gamma irradiation. The caffeine treated group showed lower decrement ofbody and organ weights than the other experimental groups. The qualitative analysis of circulat-ing testosterone in serum was performed by means of radioimmunoassay(RIA). The normal levelof circulating testosterone was maintained by the treatment of caffeine and ascorbic acid. Thechange of weight of body and organ and the appearance of seminiferous tubules were improvedby an effect of caffeine or ascorbic acid against irradiation. Taken together, caffeine and ascorbicprotector.
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김지향,이준행,박은하,김민형,김영호,손희정,이풍렬,김재준,백승운,심상군,이종철 대한소화기내시경학회 2005 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.31 No.1
Background/Aims: Colonoscopy is anticipated as embarrassing and uncomfortable procedure. However, the patients' gender preference for doctor has not been well evaluated in those undergoing colonoscopy. This study was to assess patients' preference for gender and age of colonoscopist. Methods: A total of one hundread and ninety eight patients (118 males and 80 females) scheduled for colonoscopy were prospectively asked to answer the questionnaires consisting of patient characteristics, preference for gender of colonoscopist, and the period they can wait until their preferred colonoscopist would be acceptable. Results: Among male patients, 51% expressed a gender preference (47% for male and 4% for female colonoscopist) and 52% of female expressed two gender preference (26% for male and 26% for female colonoscopist), and colonoscopists in their forties were preferred the most. Aged female patients and male patients with family history of colorectal cancer preferred a male colonoscopist. The strength of gender preference shown by the period they could wait was weak. Conclusions: Half of the female and male patients showed gender preference in choosing a colonoscopist. Among the patients expressing a gender preference, most male patients preferred the same gender whereas half of female preferred the opposite gender. 목적: 대장내시경 검사는 피검자에게 수치심을 유발할 수 있으며, 이는 검사를 시행하는 데 제한점이 되기도 한다. 본 연구는 대장내시경 검사를 받는 환자들의 의사 선택에 있어 성별 및 연령별 선호도를 조사하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 삼성서울병원 및 마산삼성병원의 내시경실에서 대장내시경을 시행받는 환자를 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였다. 총 198명 중 남자는 118명, 여자는 80명이었다. 설문내용은 검사하는 의사의 성별 및 연령대에 선호가 있는지의 유무와 함께 원하는 성별의 검사자에게 검사 받기 위해 얼마나 기다릴 수 있는지를 물어 선호의 정도를 파악하였다. 결과: 응답자 중 51.1%에서 성별 선호도를 나타냈다. 남자 환자의 50.9%, 여자 환자의 52.0%에서 선호도를 나타냈으며, 성별 선호도를 보인 경우 전체 남자 환자의 47.3%, 전체 여자 환자의 26.0%에서 자신과 같은 성별의 의사에게 검사 받기를 원하였다(p=0.00). 성별 선호도를 보인 경우에 기다릴 수 있는 기간으로 측정된 선호 정도를 보면 대부분 원하는 성별의 의사가 아니더라도 검사를 빨리 시행 받기를 원하였으며(83.3%), 4주 이상 기다릴 수 있다고 대답한 경우는 매우 적었다(5.6%). 여자 환자 중 연령이 높을수록 남자 의사를 선호하였으며(p=0.03), 남자 환자는 대장암의 가족력이 있는 경우 남자 의사에 대한 선호도가 더 높았다(p=0.02). 전체 환자의 69.3%에서 특정 연령대의 의사에 대한 선호도를 보였는데, 40대의 의사를 선호하는 경우가 43.9%로 가장 많았으며 환자의 성별에 따른 차이는 없었다. 결론: 대장내시경 검사를 받는 환자의 반 정도에서 내시경 시술의에 대한 성별 선호도를 보였다. 성별 선호를 가진 경우 남자 환자들은 대부분 자신과 같은 성별의 의사를 선호한 반면, 여자 환자들은 반 정도에서만 자신과 같은 성별의 의사를 선호하였다.
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이보 안드리치의 역사적 글쓰기에 나타난 이슬람-기독교 문화적 단절에서 공존으로의 양상 연구 -『드리나 강의 다리』를 중심으로-
김지향 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 동유럽발칸연구소 2005 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.15 No.1
Andrić's novel 『The bridge ove the Drina』is largely an attempt to deal in two different cultural aspect: The Islamic and Christian. Andrić' novel was historically deeply rooted in the soil of Bosnia where he was born and where he spent his formative years. It has an abnormal time boundary as a novel, but has a normal time boundary as a chronicle; from 1516 to 1918. So it can be accepted as a chronicle of a typical Bosnian city, Višegrad. This is why in his “the international theme” is embedded in historical novel - The Bridge over the Drina. It touches on the more recent issues. And also, this is why in Andrić literary works was shown the multiculturalism. In this novel, Andrić tried to show us how the Bosnian people communicate with each other, even though they have an absolute different cultural background which is occurred by two different religion. Therefore, we can understand Andrić's 『The bridge ove the Drina』as a link between the Christian culture and the Islamic. We can also find the conflicting social scene of Bosnian life and co-existence. The co-existence of the Serbs which are Orthdox, Croats which are catholic, Moslems and Jews provide the differences of the customs, habits and cultural assumptions of the people who belong, in fact, to absolute different civilizations, but have to live together. 인류는 바야흐로 대단히 급변하는 변화의 바다 속에서 살고 있다고 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 시시각각 변화하는 문화와 사회 속에서 주체성과 정체성을 찾기란 실로 어려운 과제가 아닐 수 없다. 이러한 시대적 요구에 뒤지지 않기 위해서는 나의 문화 뿐 아니라 타자의 문화를 이해하려는 자세가 무엇보다 절실히 요구된다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 세계 양대 문화의 주축이라 할 수 있는 기독교와 이슬람 문화의 단절과 공존을 살펴봄으로써 다문화에 대한 올바른 인식과 대처는 과연 가능한 것인가 그리하여 인류의 영원한 숙제인 평화에 대한 문제까지도 반추해 볼 수 있는 기회를 갖고자 노력하였다.1961년도 노벨 문학상 수상작가인 이보 안드리치의 대표작 『드리나 강의 다리』는 16세기부터 제 1차 세계대전 이전까지 장장 4세기에 걸쳐 보스니아의 작은 도시 비쉐그라드에서 일어나는 인간사를 조명한 대하소설이다. 드리나 강에 다리가 건설되기 시작하는 1500년대부터 이슬람과 기독교인들이 빚어내는 갈등과 반목, 경계와 대립의 단계부터 환경적 요인으로 인해 맞게 되는 공존의 단계까지를 안드리치는 마치 역사 사료를 써내려가듯 이야기하고 있다.본 논문에서는 소설 『드리나 강의 다리』를 통하여 이슬람과 기독교가 조우하는 과정에서 나타나는 여러 다양한 문화적 현상들을 살펴보고자 하였다.
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