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김재삼,Kim, Jae-Sam 대전대학교 군사연구원 2007 군사학연구 Vol.5 No.-
Reserved forces of ROKA are in charge of replacement of TOE in the wartime and mission of rear area operation. But there is institutional inertia in the law and organization oriented to fill human resources rather than take mission. We need to prepare for the investment and arrangement of reserved forces as military power that would be replaced standing forces. In this portion, to reinforce reserve forces elite, First, efficient mobilization regulations and systems are suggested. I covered a maintenance of relevant mobilization ordinances which need to legislated and approved by national assembly for wartime and development of mobilization system which might lose the appropriate time for mobilization due to complicated declaration procedures and measures to overcome the panic at the initial stage of the war and organization and employment of nationwide transportation system and mobilization center. To ensure efficient resource management and mobilization of reserve forces with a number of approximately 3 million, there's a necessity of organization for integration and conciliation. To make it real, I suggested establishing and employing the mobilization center, on first phase, employ the mobilization center focusing on homeland divisions, on second phase, it is advisable to convert to national level mobilization system and develop to central mobilization center focusing on national emergency planning committee. During peacetime, in conjunction with Mobilization Cell, mobilization center can conduct resource survey and integrate and manage mobilization resources and take charge of mobilization training of subordinate units, and during wartime, in conjunction with mobilization coordination team and Cell, can ensure the execution of mobilization. Second, Future oriented reserve forces management system such as service system of reserve forces and support system of homeland defense operations. Current service and trainings of reserve forces by the year have very low connection, as it is very complex to manage the resources and trainings, and service and training lack the equity, re-establishment of service system is required. Also in an aspect of CSS and cultivation support for reserve forces, as the scope and limitation of responsibility between the armed forces and autonomous organization is obscure, conditions to conduct actual-fighting exercises are limited. Concentrated budgetting is extremely difficult because reserve forces training fields are scattered nationwide, and facilities and equipments are rapidly getting older. To improve all these, I suggest the organization of homeland defense battalion with a unit of "City-Gun-District" and supporting the local reserve forces. Conduct unit replacement or personal replacement for those who have finished their 1 or 2 years and homeland defense operation duty for those with 3-5 years for consistency and simplification. Third, I suggest Future oriented Reserved Training(FRT) and Training Center oriented training management to establish a reliable reserve training. Reserves carry out expansion of unit, conventional combat mission, homeland defense and logistics support during wartime, and actual-fighting exercise, and disaster relief, peace keeping activities. Despite diverse activities and roles, their training condition still stays definitely poor. For these reasons, Modernization of weapons and facilities through gradual replacement and procurement is essential to enhance mobilization support system.
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남자 골프 선수의 아이언 클럽 유형별 스윙동작에 대한 운동역학적 비교 분석
김재삼,주명덕 한국교원대학교 학교체육연구소 2008 학교체육연구소지 Vol.15 No.1
The purpose of this study was to acknowledge kinematic and Kinetic differences of Men's progolfer's swing-motion of the type of iron-clubs. and This study will offer to basic data to development of golf -swing analysis system as analyze swing-motion of #3
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김재삼,주명덕,성낙준 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2018 敎員敎育 Vol.34 No.3
The purpose of this study was to investigate joint moment of lower body segments on college golf players. Three dimensional swing analysis was conducted on the three subject was asked to swing with driver, where two force plates were built, with his normal speed and tempo. The resultant joint moments of the lower extremities were computed using the kinematic variables of the segments, anthropometric measures and the ground reaction force data. Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions were; Fisrt, On the anterior-posterior axis, The left ankle joint was revealed inversion-moment from backswing-top to follow-throw. And The right ankle joint was revealed eversion-moment from backswing-top to vertical position of club downswing, and revealed inversion-moment from horizontal club position of downswing. And left knee joint was revealed abduction moment from horizontal club position of downswing. And left hip joint was revealed supination moment with the outer rotation of thigh. The right ankle joint was revealed inversion-moment from horizontal club position of downswing. And right knee joint was revealed adduction moment from vertical position of club downswing. And right hip joint was revealed supination moment from horizontal club position of downswing. Second, On the interior-exterior axis, The left ankle joint was revealed plantar flexion-moment to gain momentum. And left knee joint was revealed extension-moment from impact-position. And left hip joint was revealed extension-moment with the outer rotation of thigh. The right ankle joint was revealed plantar flexion-moment. And right knee & hip joint was revealed extra extensionmoment for impact. And showed flection moment for finish posture in follow-throw phase. Third, On the vertical axis, The left ankle-abduction, knee-pronation and hip-supination moment were revealed from horizontal club position of downswing. And the right ankle-abduction, knee-pronation and hip pronation moment were revealed. And, the right knee joint was revealed supination-moment from impact. The right hip joint was revealed supination-moment from horizontal club position of follow-throw. 이 연구의 목적은 골프선수들을 대상으로 3차원 영상분석과 지면반력산출 데이터를 이용하여, 드라이버 다운스윙시 전후축, 좌우축, 수직축에 발생하는 발목, 무릎, 고관절의 하지 관절모멘트의변화 양상을 분석함으로써, 드라이버 스윙 시 하지관절의 효율적인 움직임에 대한 객관적인 근거자료를 제시하는데 있다. 이를 통해 드라이버 스윙 동작에 대한 과학적 이해와 선수들의 경기력향상에 도움을 주고자 하며, 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해서 골프선수 3명을 대상으로 3D-모션캡쳐시스템 및 지면반력 장비를 이용하여 드라이버 스윙 시 하지 관절모멘트를 측정 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 전후축(X축)기준으로, 왼발의 경우 꾸준히 발목의 내번모멘트가 작용하고, 클럽수평이후부터는 무릎관절의 외전모멘트가 발현되며, 허벅지의 외측회전으로 인한 고관절의 회외모멘트가발현되었다. 오른발의 경우 발목에는 클럽수평이전에는 외번모멘트가 작용하다 클럽수평이후에는내번모멘트가 작용하였다. 클럽수직이후부터는 무릎관절의 내전모멘트가 발현되며, 고관절의 내측회전모멘트가 발현되었다. 둘째, 좌우축(Y축)기준으로, 왼발의 경우 추진력을 얻기 위한 동작으로 발목의 저측굴곡모멘트가 작용하고, 임팩트이후부터는 무릎의 신전모멘트가 발현되며, 고관절의 신전모멘트는 클럽수평이후에 발현되었다. 오른발의 경우 왼발과 함께 발목의 저측굴곡모멘트가 작용하고, 무릎관절과고관절에서는 강력한 신전모멘트가 발현되어 임팩트를 완성하고, 팔로스루 단계에 들어서면 안정된 피니쉬자세를 위한 굴곡모멘트가 발현되었다. 셋째, 수직축(Z축)기준으로, 왼발의 경우 클럽수평이후에 발목의 외전모멘트, 무릎의 회내모멘트, 고관절의 회외모멘트가 발현되었다. 오른발의 경우 발목은 외전모멘트, 무릎은 회내모멘트, 고관절은 회내모멘트가 발현되었으며, 이후 무릎은 임팩트이후에 회외모멘트, 고관절은 팔로스루수평이후에 회외모멘트가 발현되었다.
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김재삼,주명덕 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2016 敎員敎育 Vol.32 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate joint moment of lower body segments on teaching pro-golfers. Three dimensional swing analysis was conducted on the three subject was asked to swing with 7-iron, where two force plates were built, with his normal speed and tempo. The resultant joint moments of the lower extremities were computed using the kinematic variables of the segments, anthropometric measures and the ground reaction force data. Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions were;Fisrt, The left ankle joint was revealed inversion-moment from backswing-top to follow-throw. and, the right ankle joint was revealed adduction-moment from down swing vertical position of the club head to Follow-throw horizontal of the club head. Second, The left knee joint was revealed maximal external rotation moment on back swing top position. But, the left knee joint was not revealed internal rotation & external rotation moment on impact. The right knee joint was revealed maximal extension moment during center of mass move to right foot on back swing top position. Third, The left hip joint was revealed abduction moment during downswing. The right hip joint was revealed maximal internal rotation moment on back swing top position. and slowly reduced internal rotation moment to impact. 이 연구의 목적은 프로 골퍼들을 대상으로 3차원 영상분석과 지면반력산출 데이터를 이용하여, 아이언 클럽 다운스윙시 발목, 무릎, 고관절의 하지 관절모멘트의 변화 양상을 분석함으로써, 하지관절의 효율적인 움직임에 대한 객관적인 근거자료를 제시하는데 있다. 이와 더불어 아마추어 학생선수 및 골프동호인들의 아이언 다운스윙 동작에 대한 과학적 이해와 효율적인 훈련방법 적용 및 골프 경기력 향상에 도움을 주고자 한다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해서 프로골퍼 3명을 대상으로 3차원 영상분석장비와 지면반력 측정 장비를 이용하여 아이언 다운스윙시 하지 관절모멘트를 측정 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 왼발 발목관절은 다운스윙시 클럽헤드가 수직 위치에서 임팩트 직전의 수평 위치에 이르기까지 강력한 왼발 발목의 내번모멘트가 발현되어 왼발 발목이 외측으로 회전하지 않도록 강력히 지탱하였다. 오른발 발목관절은 왼발 발목이 고정된 상태에서 오른발의 발목이 내전되면서 오른발과 상체가 목표방향 쪽으로 내측회전을 수행하였다. 둘째, 왼발 무릎관절의 경우, 다운스윙초기는 수직축을 중심으로 최대외측회전모멘트가 발현되었다가 임팩트직전까지 감소추세가 나타났으며 임팩트 순간에는 왼무릎의 고정에 따라 내외측회전모멘트가 거의 발생하지 않았다. 셋째, 왼발 고관절은 다운스윙전반에 걸쳐 외전모멘트가 나타났으며, 오른발 고관절은 백스윙탑에서 다운스윙 시작시 최대 내측회전모멘트가 나타났으며 그후 임팩트시점까지 내측회전모멘트가 점진적으로 감소하였다. 백스윙탑 시점에서 상체의 움직임이 정지된 상태에서 오른발 고관절에 내측회전모멘트가 나타난 이유는 백스윙탑시점에서 초기 다운스윙으로 변환되는 순간에 상체와 하체의 꼬임이 수행되기 때문이다.
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김재삼,강희양,남철현 韓國學校保健學會 1996 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.9 No.1
The study was designed to gain necessary basic data, in order to grasp the actual condition on personal hygiene of primary school students and the help school health education and child health education data development of parents of students, the survey was carried out through this reporter's interview for mothers who have primary school pupil in KyungBug area during the period of a month from 14 the April to 30 the April 1994. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. As for general characteristics, the percent of answer mothers with 30~34 tears 44.9%, and the percent of answer mothers with 35~39 years was 37.6%, 14.6% of answer mother was 40 years and over. The most house types was apartment house, that is 64.8% and independence house was 18.9%m, 13.7% of answer mothers was multivalent house residents. As for level of school career, the percent of high school was 64.2% and the percent of university was 20.5%, 10.1% of answer mothers was finishment of middle school. As for religion a lack of religion was 38.4% and a Buddhist was 36.8%, a christian was 13.4%, 10.4% of answer mothers was a catholic. As for a jobs, the percent of office was 33.9%, specialist and expert skiller was 17.3%, self-management was 16.0%, fishing and agrarian villiages was 11.6%, public service personnel and school personnel was 9.1%. As for the number of sons and daughters, the percent of two was 70.5%, the percent of one was 16.0%, and the percent of male students was 54.1%. As for level of economic life middle level was 59.9%. 2. The percentage of washing hand after school hours was 66.8%and not washing hand after school hours was 33.2%. In washing hand after school hours family of independence house, mothers that have schoolcareer of university, female students, three and over of sons and daughters was high individually(p<0.05). 3. As for paring one's nails, once a ten days was 52.9% once a five days was 22.5% once a fifteen days was 19.0%, once a twenty and over was 5.6%. 4. 54.7% of primary school of answer mother's take a bath once a few days and 31.6% take a bath once week, 10.1% take a bath once a tendays. 5. The percentage of changing of underwear once a day was 60.9%, once a few days was 37.1%, once a week was 2.0%, as for changing of underwear, sons and daughters that has mothers with 29 years and downward, one number of sons and daughters, females students was high individually (p<0.01). 6. The percentage of haircut once a 20~30 days was 59.9%, once a 31~40 days was 17.9%, once a 40 days and over was 16.6%. As for the percentage of haircut once a 20~30 days apartment house residents, male students was high (p<0.01). 7. The percentage of experience in taking nutrition was 79.8% and the percentage of experience in taking restorative was 72.3%. As for taking nutrition, apartment house residents, one number of sons and daughters, male students was high individually (p<0.01). As for taking restorative apartment house residents, one number of sons and daughters, male students was high individually (p<0.05). 8. The percentage of habit of unbalanced diet was 44.0%, sons and daughters that have mother with 40 years and over apartment house residents, male students, one number of sons and daughters was high individually (p<0.05). 9. As for the hygiene condition of sons and daughters, the percentage of good state of health was 65.2%, middle state of health was 3.5% bad state of health was 11.4%. In good state of health sons and daughters that have mothers with 29 years and downward, multivalent house residents, three numbers of sons and daughters, female students, high birth was high individually. 10. As for fattness of sons and daughters, existence was 18.2%. No existence was 81.8%, in existence sons and daughters who have mothers with 40 years and downward, independence house resident, special job and expert skill job, three and over number of sons and daughters, female students, low birth was high individually. 11. As for use aspect of medical facilities of sons and daughters, hospital doctors was 53.1%, drugstore was 42.3%, chinese medicine with hospitals or health organization was 4.6$. In usage of drugstore, sons and daughters of mothers with 29 years, 40 years and over was 55.6%, 61.4% individually, in usage of hospital doctors 30~34 years, 34~39 tears was 64.5%, 49.1% individually (p<0.01), apartment house residents, one or two numbers of sons and daughters, male students was high individually. In the percentage of using drugstore, school career of middle school and downward, in occupation, three and over numbers of sons and daughters, low birth was high individually (p<0.05). According to the results mentioned above. An actual condition and related matters on personal hygiene of primary school students must be used as the basis data of a health education program and a health data a health education program and a health data related, a teaching materials development and must be helped to the health life education of parents of students and childs.
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