위성항법시스템과 성능기반항법에 대한 고찰

김장환 ( Chang Hwan Kim ),정종철 ( Jong Chul Jeong ),강자영 ( Ja Young Kang ) 한국항공운항학회 2010 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Air Traffic Management aims to fulfill the requirement of the aviation demander by constructing the most effective and safety aviation systems for providing safety and cost-effective service. All concerned parties of aviation present the needs of improving Air Traffic Management system for solving the issue of the current system and the air traffic capacity in the 21st century, and introduce the significant improvements from the conventional technology and method for the past 40 years. Accordingly, ICAO promotes the development of innovative procedures and technologies to solve the problems and meet the demands. It is the concept of Performance based Navigation(PBN) based on Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance/Air Traffic Management(CNS/ATM). This study defines differences between RNAV and RNP RNAV as methods of air navigation based on the CNS/ATM, and needs and requirements of PBN as an emerging global standard. It also outlines basic elements supporting and implementing the PBN concept.

자유비행 분리보증을 위한 협력적 수평선회기동 연구

김장환(Chang Hwan Kim) 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

The Study assumed that there exists a virtual airspace with the free flight capability. Then physical and mathematical models for steady and unsteady motions of the aircraft in that airspace to support the cooperative horizontal collision avoidance maneuvers were developed. Based on the derived mathematical models the computer algorithms for simulation of collision avoidance maneuvers were also made. The mathematical models and computer algorithms were verified with various scenarios of collision avoidance meneuvers. The analytical solution for the unsteady motion was derived so that the necessity of numerical integration is removed and any commercial spreadsheet applications such as Microsoft Excel, hence can be used.

모드-S 다변측정법을 이용한 항공감시기술 분석 및 전망

김장환 ( Chang Hwan Kim ),한재현 ( Jae Hyun Han ),강자영 ( Ja Young Kang ) 한국항공운항학회 2010 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Surveillance is an enabler of safety with respect to aircraft separation and as a consequence capacity and efficiency with respect to aircraft operations. The new emerging technology among modern civil aviation surveillance is Multilateration (MLAT) which would affect on the surveillance capacity with both side of surveillance signal and operational properties. Multilateration system is needed to receive the signal which must reach at least 3 ground receivers simultaneously and has the effect that will have on with the ultimate accuracy. In this paper, the principle and the system configuration are reviewed. And its benefit of development is considered with use in situations where it is difficult to locate tranditional radar. This MLAT requires no additional avionics equipment to supply service with more accurate and less expensive. And it is able to enhance performance that meets international standards and extend the investment of air navigation service providers with reducing environmental impact by utilizing a small footprint on existing structures. Finally, it can be added to meet a wide range of coverage requirements and future surveillance needs.

골프연습장 이용자의 시설접근중시도에 관한 세분화연구

김장환(Jang Hwan Kim),안창규(Chang Kyu Ahn) 한국사회체육학회 1995 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study is to get the basis of data to formulate successful marketing strategy, as to grasp the importance of facility accessibility affect actual choice behavior of sport facility user. The sample(N=312) was randomly selected from the user of five privately owened indoor golf club in Pusan, Korea. The instrument is used the questionnaire, and the statistical methodes to analyze the data are factor analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Factor analysis is used to identify the overall structure of indoor golf program user`s facility accessibility importance. Mean fctor scores are then compared for differences in demographic variable, the way of life, and frequency of participation. These result were as follows; 1) Most general charactor of sample have beloing to high-education, high-income, and high-social stratification. 2) There exist four factors representing dimensions of the importance of facility accessibility. They are named as `environment-oriented` `facility-oriented` `learning-oriented` `economy-oriented` `actors. 3) When demographics )f user is considered, mean scores differ significantly for sex, job, and income. 4) When the way of life is considered, mean scores differ significantly for the average of expenses, necessity of life, and satisfaction of life. 5) When user`s participation frequency are considered, mean scores differ significantly for `learning-oriented` factor. 6) When segmentation of facility accessibility importance is consered, mean scores differ significantly for sex(p<.01), income(p<.05), and necessity(p<.05) in `environment-oriented` factor, for sex(p<.05), job(p<.01), and satisfaction(p<.01) in `learning-oriented`, and for sex(p<.001), job(p<.01), and expenses (p<.01) in `economy-oriented` factor.

스포츠 사회화 상황요인이 지체장애인의 생활체육 참여에 미치는 영향

김장환(Jang Hwan Kim),백창문(Chang Mun Pack),박진기(Jin Kee Park) 한국사회체육학회 2000 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.13 No.-

This Study is conducted focusing on the disabled to determine the degree of participation in sports along demographical differences, and to examine the effects of the current factors of the sport-socialization on the participation of the disabled in sports for all. The survey has been carried by the help of the Korean Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled and its subject sample cluster is the disabled living in TaeGu city or Kyoung Sang Buk province and currently engaged in sports for all. Returned 304 questionnaires were self-administrated and among them, 204 valid sample(92.4%) has been chosen. SPSS Win 8.0, a program of statistics, has been used to analyse the sample. The degree of participation in sports along the demographic differences is outlined through one way ANOVA, and the effects of the factors of the sport-socialization on the participation in sports of the disabled is analysed through the analysis of the variance and multiple regression. Using preceding testing models and analysis methods, I have reached followings as the result of the hypothesis testing to attain its objectives of this study. First demographically, the older has the longer and the higher frequency of participation in sports. The single person comparing to the married one has higher frequency of participation and the higher income earner has the longer participation in sports. Secondly, on the variable of facility, the frequency of participation in sports is related positively with proximity and convenience. The intensity of participation is positively related with proximity, convenience and economically efficiency. Thirdly, on the variable of the coach, the expertise and sincerity of the coach has positive relationship with frequency of participation, and sincerity has also positively related with the intensity of participation. Fourthly, on the variable of special program, entertainment and appropriateness of the program and the frequency of the participation, diversity and appropriateness of the program and the length of participation, diversity and efficiency of the program and the intensity of participation have shown the positive relationship. As the result of the test, in the present situation of sport socialization, in order to encourage the disabled to participate in sports steadily and more actively, I would like to propose locating various sport facilities fitting to the disabled adjacent to a residential area, and designing more entertaining, efficient and adequate programs, and arranging experts on sports for the disabled to introduce them effectively.

광분해 반응에 의한 Phenylsilylene의 생성과 그 반응성에 관한 연구

이도남,신한섭,김장환,이명의,Do Nam Lee,Han Seop Shin,Chang Hwan Kim,Myong Eui Lee 대한화학회 1993 대한화학회지 Vol.37 No.8

Phenylsilylene(PhHSi:)의 광분해 전구체인, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-2-phenyltrisilane(2)과 2,3-dicarbomethoxy-1,4,5,6,7-pentaphenyl-7-silanorbornadiene(5)을 10%와 73%의 수율로 각각 합성하였다. 전구체 2를 254 nm의 빛을 조사시켜 광분해 실험시킨 결과 triethylsilane 존재하에서는 phenylsilylene이 Si-H 결합에 삽입된 생성물인 1,1,1-triethyl-2-phenyldisilane (6)이 44%의 수율로 얻어졌고, diphenylacetylene 존재하에서는 phenylsilylene이 삼중결합에 첨가된 후 diphenylacetylene과 [2+2] 첨가반응이 일어나 얻어진 생성물, 1-phenyl-1-silacyclopenta-2,4-diene(4)과 phenyl-silylene이 삼중결합에 첨가된 다음 곧 이합체화되어진 화합물인 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-disilacyclohexa-2,5-diene(10)이 각각 68% 와 26%의 수율로 얻어졌다. Neat 광반응에서는 생성된 phenylsilylene이 분자간 C-H 삽입반응을 하여 생성된 화합물, 1,5-dihydrosilanthren(11)과 전구체 2가 Si-H 결합에 삽입된 화합물, 1,2-diphenyltrisilane(12)이 5%와 7%의 수율로 각각 얻어졌다. 같은 조건에서 화합물 5를 triethylsilane과 methanol 존재하에서 광분해시킨 결과 phenylsilylene은 생성되지 않고 분자내 1,5-sigmatropic 자리옮김에 의한 silylenolether가 생성됨을 확인하였다. The photochemical precursors, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-2-phenyltrisilane(2) and 2,3-dicarbomethoxy-1,4,5,6,7-pentaphenyl-7-silanorbornadiene(5) were synthesized in the yield of 10% and 73%, respectively. Irradiation of 2 at 254 nm in the presence of triethylsilane gave 1,1,1-triethyl-2-phenyldisilane (6) in 44% yield which was the product of phenylsilylene insertion into the Si-H bond. Irradiation of 2 in the presence of diphenylacetylene gave 1-phenyl-1-silacyclopenta-2,4-diene(4) in 68% yield together with 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-disilacyclohexa-2,5-diene(26%) which were formed from [2+2] addition of the silacyclopropene to diphenylacethylene and formed from dimerization of silacyclopropene, respectively. From the neat photolysis of precursor 2,1,5-dihydrosilanthrene(11), intermolecular C-H insertion product of phenylsilylene and 1,2-diphenyltrisilane(12), Si-H insertion product of phenylsilylene to the precursor were obtained in the yield of 5% and 7%, respectively. In the same experimental condition, both photolyses of 5 in the presence of triethylsilane and methanol showed that the intramolecular 1,5-sigmatropic rearrangement of precursor 5 to give the formation of silylenolether was more favorable process than the generation of phenylsilylene.

녹색 항공교통을 위한 4차원 궤적기반 항행시스템 구축방안 연구

한재현(Jae Hyun Han),김장환(Chang Hwan Kim),안미진(Mi Jin Ahn) 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Next generation navigation system (CNS/ATM) is defined as Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance system to support air traffic management, Especially, in order to accommodate the growing demand of air traffic, ICAO adopted CNS/ATM as future navigation system at the 10th Air Navigation Commission held in September 1991. Advanced countries in aviation have developed and operated various navigation and air traffic control support system by applying advanced technology to cope air traffic efficiently and safely. Next generation CNS/ATM system is different from the existing system since it is recognized as innovative measure that can enhance safety, efficiency and expand capacity for the future air traffic. For the domestic civil aviation industry, department of aviation policy of the Ministry of Land, Transport and maritime affairs, universities and research institutes have developed R&D and implementation plan to CNS/ATM However, further reviews for R&D roadmap of air navigation system needed to operate aircraft environment-friendly. Global economy has changed the efficiency of production and service in the field of transportation, and the infrastructure from regional centric to global centric. Traditional air traffic management system has also been converted to new system based on sharing and processing information. This mainly attributable to advanced air traffic management measure based on real time networking and IT technology with using satellite. In addition, due to the continuous increasing in air traffic, the air traffic surveillance and air traffic management technology has become important. As a result, improvement of efficiency is required to minimize flights cancellation rate in airports around the world. 4-D Trajectory based Operation System is expected to expand capacity of domestic airspace and airport, to increase operational efficiency, and to reduce operating cost and emission, The implementation of 4-D Trajectory based Operation System is expected to expand capacity of domestic airspace and airport, to increase operation efficiency, and to reduce operating cost and emission. The implementation of 4-D Trajectory based Operation System enables to reduce flying distance and to accommodate more air crafts within the limited airspace and airport facilities. The objective of this study is to realize low-carbon green air traffic control environment. US and EU have established long-term 4-D Trajectory system based on Operation System deployment plan. The system with targeting at operating Global 4DT will be improved up to 2025. Future air traffic control will be based on 4-D Trajectory based Operation System. Therefore, it is expected for the 4DT system to be much better in terms of safety and effectiveness since it can provide airborne separation automatically without the risk of collision.

우리나라의 차세대 자유비행 인프라구축 전략에 관한 연구

한재현 ( Jae Hyun Han ),김장환 ( Chang Hwan Kim ),강자영 ( Ja Young Kang ) 한국항공운항학회 2008 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.16 No.4

International organizations related to air transport such as ICAO, IATA, ACI are forecasting that the number of passenger will grow about 4.4% annually up to 2015. Therefore, the innovation of given system technology and operation procedure is required in global scale to cope with the increase of air traffic demand. CNS/ATM infrastructure based on satellite is considered to play key role in order to solve the problems due to the dramatic increase of air traffic demand over the world. Free flight concept in the air transport operation has been proved with CNS/ATM infrastructure especially in USA and Europe. Therefore, it is necessary to develop key technologies to overcome technology gap and to secure international competitiveness in Korea. ADS-B is an important issue, and new element technologies should be considered as essential items which were shown in Capstone project. Nowadays, the free flight concept is combined to Air Transport Road Map such as NextGen project in USA, SESAR in Europe. In this process, free flight is included in the concepts such as ATM(Air Traffic Management), aviation security and safety, environmental protection and economy development, wide area weather variable reduction service, information integration and application between the related authorities (civil/military) etc. The purpose of research is to establish mid-term and long-term infrastructure plan and strategy for free flight realization in Korea. The analysis of action target and equipment construction status, phase construction plan of infrastructure has been performed by considering mid-term and long-term free flight plans of USA and Europe.

보조기기 안전·품질관리 방안 연구

김혜원(Hye-Won Kim),김동아(Dong-A Kim),서원산(Won-San Seo),김장환(Jang-Hwan Kim),고명한(Myeong Han Ko),손병창(Byung-Chang Son),이진복(JinBok Yi) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.12

본 연구는 사용자군이 사회적 약자임과 동시에 광범위한규모로 취급되고 있는 장애인보조기기의 바람직한 품질관리체계 모델을 제시하고자 진행되었다. 보조기기는 의료기기법과의 충돌 문제로 인해 독립적인 제품군으로 분류할 수 없고 법적 기반이 미비하여 독자적인 품질관리 체계를 가지지 못한다. 품목 별로 필요할 때마다 기존의 여타 품질관리 체계에 선별적으로 편입시켜 문제를 해결해왔다. 외국의 사례에서도 독자적인 품질관리 제도는 발견할 수 없었다. 이러한 문제를 합리적으로 극복하기 위해 보조기기를 기존의 품질관리 체계를 반영하는 방법으로 분류할 것을 제안하였다. 해당 분류마다 적절한 품질관리 방법들을 공식화하여 이해가 용이하고 예측가능한 행정이 되도록 고려하였다. 치밀한 품질관리를 위한 행정 과정도 제안하여 보조기기임에도 안전품질관리 체제에 누락되는 일이 없도록 하였다. 이 개선안 제안은 보조기기의 정체성 확립을 통해 보조기기 품질관리의 사각지대를 해결하여 장애인 등의 사용자에게 제품의 안전과 기본적인 기능을 제공하고 더 나아가 해당 산업을 활성화 시키는 단초가 될 수 있을 것이다. The research was conducted with the purpose of providing effective safety and quality control system for assistive products for handicapped those are used extensively. Assistive products couldn’t be classified independently due to collision with the act of medical device and lack in legal basis. The issues about safety and quality have been solved by other legal frames on a case by case basis. We couldn’t find any abroad case of independent safety and quality control policy. For the practical solution, this article suggested hybrid classification system mixed with existing policies. Each classified branches are allocated to the appropriate policy of safety and quality control so those are ease of understanding and prospect. And also a delicacy process was suggested not to leave off any assistive products. Through these suggests of the improvement it is expected that blind areas of safety and quality control for assistive products for handicapped could be solved and identity of assistive products could be established to provide product safety for handicapped and boost relevant industries.

우리나라 초기 도심항공교통(UAM) 상용화를 위한 해외 안전제도 고찰

전승목(Seungmok Jeon),정유민(Yumin Joung),김장환(Chang Hwan Kim) 한국항공우주학회 2023 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.4