Variation of the Southern Subtropical Countercurrent related to Sea Surface Height and Eddies in the Northwest Tropical Pacific

김응,전동철,신창웅,김동국 한국해양과학기술원 2014 Ocean science journal Vol.49 No.1

The ADCP records obtained at about 18°N, 135°E show the southern branch of the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC). The sea surface heights (SSH) show that there is a tendency to increase and decrease in the south/north of STCC, respectively. So the variability of SSH ultimately contributes to the strengthening of STCC through geostrophic balance. The southern STCC branch distinctly persists from winter to spring. Since 2005, the southern STCC exists almost throughout the year, and the STCC is clearly stronger to the east of 145°E. Anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies exist seemingly as bands around 17.5°N and 20.5°N, respectively. The STCC flowing eastward, which is formed by the geostrophic balance, is maintained with the interaction between geostrophic currents and anticyclonic-cyclonic eddies. The rotating eddies exert an additional driving force to maintain the eastward flow of STCC, and then the STCC reveals a meandering movement due to the interaction with the eddies. The trajectories of surface drifters together with the altimeter data analysis in June 2009 dictate the variability of the STCC induced by the interaction between eddies and the eastward flow. These results suggest that the southern STCC slowly changes from an intra-seasonal event an annual one with time duration of over 21 months.

ARGO 뜰개에 의한 2003-2005년 울릉도 주변 해역의 수온-염분 구조

김응,노영재,윤용훈,Kim, Eung,Ro, Young-Jae,Youn, Yong-Hun 한국해양학회 2006 바다 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 2003년 10월부터 2005년 8월까지의 ARGO 뜰개에 의해 수집된 CTD 자료를 이용하여 울릉도 주변 해역의 수온-염분의 시공간 변동 양상을 분석하였다. 울릉도 주변 해역 상층 700m에서의 수괴는 5종류로 세분할 수 있으며, 가을 표층에는 여름의 고온저염수에 비해 더 저온저염화 된 수괴가 존재한다. 염분최소층을 갖는 동해중층수는 평균적으로 수심 265 m에 존재하며, 수온은 $1\~5^{\circ}C$염분 34.06 psu이하이고 평균 두께는 175m이다. 동해중층수의 두께는 시공간적으로 크게 변하지 않지만, 울릉난수성 소용돌이가 존재하는 경우 동해중층수의 위치 수심은 더 깊어지고, 이 영향으로 상부동해고유수의 수심 또한 저층으로 침강하게 된다. 본 자료에 의하면, 울릉난수성 소용돌이가 갖는 볼록렌즈 모양의 수온 구조는 700m수심까지 존재한다. ARGO 뜰개들이 수집한 약 2년의 측정 기간과 짧은 시간 간격의 수직 수온-염분 프로파일 자료는 연구 해역의 상세 수직 구조 및 단기 시간-공간 변동성을 이해하는데 대단히 유용하였다. This study investigated the temperature-salinity spatio-temporal variability around the Ulleung-do Island (UI) by using CTD profiles obtained by the ARGO floats far the period of Oct.,2003 to Aug.,2005. The waterbody in the upper 700 m around the UI could be classified into five water masses, which is consistent to traditional water characteristics in the East Sea. In the upper surface layer, the temperature and salinity in fall season became even lower than those properties in the summer time. The East Sea Intermediate Water (ESIW) characterized by the salinity minimum layer shows the range of potential temperature between 1 to $5^{\circ}C$ and salinity lower than 34.06 psu. The ESIW lies approximately at 265 m depth with average thickness of 175 m. This thickness of the ESIW continues to be relatively uniform regardless of spatio-temporal space. However, the depth of the ESIW shows vertical variation influenced by the Ulleung warm eddy (UWE). Since the UWE lies in the upper layer, the Upper Portion of the Japan Sea Proper. Water (UPJSPW) is also affected to show the vertical variation. The influence extorted by the UWE reached down to 700 m depth in terms of temperature. The CTD profiles obtained with the high sampling rate by ARCO floats over two-year period provided with very useful and detailed informations in investigating the spatio-temporal variability In the study area.

동해의 Topex/Poseidon 고도계로부터 추정된 해면고도이상치의 수평구조와 변동성

김응,노영재,김창식,Kim, Eung,Ro, Young-Jae,Kim, Chang-Shik 한국해양학회 2003 바다 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 Topex/Poseidon 고도계 자료(1992∼2000년, 286 cycles)를 사용하여 동해의 해면고도의 시공간적 변동 특성과 구조를 규명하였다. 분석을 위하여 객관적 적합보간법을 이용하여 격자구조의 해면이상치(SSHA)자료를 생성하였으며, 스펙트럼 분석과 경험직교함수 분석을 하였다. SSHA분포는 동해 극전선 해역을 중심으로 남쪽해역과 북쪽해역으로 구분이 되며, 남쪽해역은 쓰시마난류의 영향을 받아 SSHA의 변동폭이 크고, 북쪽해역은 상대적으로 작다. 동해에서의 시공간적 변동 특성은 5개의 경험직교함수로서 특징 지워지며 총분산의 85% 이상을 설명할 수 있었다 제 1모드는 동해의 전역의 SSHA의 계절 및 년간 변동을 지배하며 총분산의 72.3%로 우세하다. 제 2-5 모드들은 상대적으로 적은 분산을 설명하고 있으며(약 14%), 주로 쓰시마난류, 동한난류와 관련된 해류의 영향에 의한 연안해역의 변동과 극전선역의 사행과 관련된 변동 및 중규모 소용돌이와 관련된 변동으로 파악되었다. 유의한 스펙트럼을 보이는 주기는 0.5년 1년, 2.5년, 3.3년 등이었다. This study utilizes the dataset of Topex/Poseidon(T/P) altimeter sea surface height (1992-2000 yr., 286 cycles)to investigate the tempore-spatial variability in the East (Japan) Sea. Optimal interpolation (Ol) technique was applied to the pre-processed T/P dataset (level 2) to produce sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) map on regular grids. Spectral analyses of the timeseries of the SSHA at chosen stations and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the SSHA in the entire East Sea were made. Distribution of the SSHA can be divided by the southern and northern regions sharply by the polar front situated in the middle of the East Sea. The southern region under the direct influence of the Tsushima Current exhibits higher amplitude of the SSHA fluctuation, while the northern region does relatively smaller one. The spatio-temporal variability of the SSHA in the East Sea can be characterized by the five modes of the EOFs accounting for more than 85% of the total variance. The first mode dominates the SSHA variation in the entire domain with strong seasonal and inter-annual periods accounting for the 72.3% of the total variance. The other modes (up to 5th account for 14%) are responsible for the SSHA variation associated with the local current system, meandering of the polar frontal axis, and mesoscale eddies. Spectral peaks with significant confluence level show semi-annual, annual and interannual (2, 3-4 years) periods.

再生不良城貧血의 豫後

金應,韓芝淑,高潤雄,崔興載 대한의학협회 1979 대한의학협회지 Vol.22 No.10

친염증 싸이토카인과 백혈구 기능:Pentoxifylline에 의한 백혈구 기능조절

김응 대한감염학회 1993 감염 Vol.25 No.2

열대 및 북태평양에서 ENSO와 관련된 표층수온과 해면고도의 경년 변동성

김응,전동철 한국해양과학기술원 2008 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.30 No.3

In order to understand the variation of ENSO-related oceanic environments in the tropical and North Pacific Ocean, spatio-temporal variations of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) are analyzed from distributions of complex empirical orthogonal functions (CEOF). Correlations among warm pool variation, southern oscillation index, and ocean surface currents were also examined with respect to interannual variability of the warm pool in western tropical Pacific. Spatio-temporal distributions of the first CEOF modes for SSTA and SSHA indicate that their variabilities are associated with ENSO events, which have a variance over 30% in the North Pacific. The primary reasons for their variabilities are different; SST is predominantly influenced by the change of barrier layer thickness, while SSH fluctuates with the same phase as propagation of an ENSO episode in the zonal direction. Horizontal boundary of warm pool area, which normally centered around 149oE in the tropics, seemed to be expanded to the middle and eastern tropical regions by strong zonal currents through the mature phase of an ENSO episode.

해류 수직구조를 파악하기 위한 LADCP Casting 및 자료처리 방법

김응,전동철,신창웅,김동국 한국해양과학기술원 2011 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.33 No.3

To understand the vertical structure of ocean currents from raw data observed by lowered-ADCP (LADCP), these data require post-processing. Data were processed using Krahman's version 10.8 processing software based on Matlab. It is estimated the influence of auxiliary data affecting the processed current structure. The bottom-tracked velocities and the GPS information significantly contribute the offset on reference velocities in the bottom layer and barotropic ones in the middle layer, respectively. Good quality data can be obtained when LADCP is least tilted in pitch and roll during observation. In situ application of LADCP to the (northward) volume transports of Kuroshio in the East China Sea proved to be 24.8. Sv (= 1×106 m3s−1) in October 2007, and 28.2 Sv in June 2008, respectively. The volume transport is relatively large over the continental slope when compared to the shelf or the deep sea.

해류 수직구조를 파악하기 위한 LADCP Casting 및 자료처리 방법

김응,전동철,신창웅,김동국,Kim, Eung,Jeon, Dong-Chull,Shin, Chang-Woong,Kim, Dong-Guk 한국해양과학기술원 2011 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.33 No.suppl3

To understand the vertical structure of ocean currents from raw data observed by lowered-ADCP (LADCP), these data require post-processing. Data were processed using Krahman's version 10.8 processing software based on Matlab. It is estimated the influence of auxiliary data affecting the processed current structure. The bottom-tracked velocities and the GPS information significantly contribute the offset on reference velocities in the bottom layer and barotropic ones in the middle layer, respectively. Good quality data can be obtained when LADCP is least tilted in pitch and roll during observation. In situ application of LADCP to the (northward) volume transports of Kuroshio in the East China Sea proved to be 24.8. Sv (= $1{\times}10^6m^3s^{-1}$) in October 2007, and 28.2 Sv in June 2008, respectively. The volume transport is relatively large over the continental slope when compared to the shelf or the deep sea.

저위도 북서태평양에서 관측된 관성파의 발생과 전파특성

김응,전동철 대한조선학회 2011 대한조선학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2011 No.6

식중독의 최근 발생경향

金應 藥業新聞社 1993 醫藥情報 Vol.1993 No.7