역 사정 환자의 성공적인 인공수정

김은국,채현주,정병준,Kim, Eun-Kuk,Chae, Hyun-Ju,Jung, Byeong-Jun 대한생식의학회 2010 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.37 No.2

역 사정은 남성불임 원인의 하나인데, 이를 해결 하기 위해서는 사정 후 방광으로부터 정자를 회수하여 보조생식술을 시행함으로써 불임을 극복할 수 있다. 배우자의 뇨로부터 정자를 회수한 후 인공수정을 시도하여 많은 임신이 보고되고 있는데, 본원에서는 Clomiphene Citrate와 hMG를 사용하여 배란을 유도하고, 뇨와 함께 채취된 정액을 10% serum substitute supplement가 첨가된 modified Ham's F-10을 이용하여 뇨의 산성도와 삼투압 조절 후, 정자의 운동성을 유지하여 인공수정을 실시하였는데 성공적인 임신을 경험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 간략히 보고하는 바이다. Retrograde ejaculation is a condition that causes male infertility. Infertiltiy treatment is usually based on assisted reproductive technology with the use of sperms recovered from the bladder after ejaculation. Many pregnancies have been tried by artificial intrauterine insemination with the husband's sperm recovered from voided urine. In this case, ovulation was induced by clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin, pH and osmorality of urine was controlled by modified Ham's F-10 contained 10% serum substitute supplement and immediately semen collection, to improve sperm motility. We had experienced a successful pregnancy case by above method, and reported with brief review of literature as well.

국가대표 선수들의 훈련 기간 동안 발생한 스포츠 손상 분석

김은국,김태규,Kim, Eun Kuk,Kim, Tae Gyu 한국데이터정보과학회 2014 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구에서는 엘리트 운동선수들이 국가대표 선수로써 공식적으로 수행한 훈련 기간 동안 발생한 스포츠 손상에 대해 종목별로 분석하였다. 국가대표 선수들을 진료하고 관리하는 의사, 물리치료사 및 종목별 트레이너들은 훈련도중 발생한 모든 스포츠 손상을 보고서 양식에 기록하였고, 이 중 기존에 이환되어 있는 만성 스포츠 손상을 제외한 급성 및 재발성 스포츠 손상들에 대해 분석하였다. 그 결과 1년간 총 3,421건의 스포츠 손상이 발생하였고, 이 중 1,560건은 급성 스포츠 손상, 1,861건은 재발성 급성 손상이었다. 남자 선수와 여자 선수에서 급성 스포츠 손상이 가장 많이 발생한 종목은 각각 복싱과 하키였다. 남자 선수와 여자 선수에서 재발성 급성 스포츠 손상이 가장 많이 발생한 종목은 각각 레슬링과 펜싱이었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 국가대표 선수들의 공식적인 훈련기간 동안 발생한 종목별 스포츠 손상과 관련된 특징 및 발생률 (incidence rates)에 대한 다양한 분석 결과를 포함하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 대한민국 국가대표 선수들의 훈련 중 발생하는 스포츠 손상 예방을 위한 프로그램 마련에 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to analyze sports injuries which occurred in Korea National Team during official training period. All sports injuries are recorded on injury report form by physicians, medical staffs and athletic trainer, and only acute and recurred injuries were analyzed. Total 3,421 injuries were reported, and 1,560 injuries were newly incurred and 1,861 injuries were recurrent with previous history. The frequency of new injuries in male and female athletes was highest in boxing (n=130, 14.5%) and hockey (n=75, 11.3%) respectively. The frequency of recurred injuries in male and female athletes was highest in wrestling (n=147, 14.8%) and fencing (n=103, 11.9%) respectively. Our data provides incidence rates, characteristics of acute and recurrent sports injuries during official training period and thus these results could provide relevant information for the sports injury prevention at Korea National Team player.

광저우 하계 아시안게임 대회 기간 동안 발생한 스포츠 손상

김은국 ( Eun Kuk Kim ),강현용 ( Hyun Yong Kang ),김태규 ( Tae Gyu Kim ),이제훈 ( Je Hoon Lee ),김미현 ( Mi Hyun Kim ),송지연 ( Jee Yeon Song ),홍성림 ( Sung Ilm Hong ),김종덕 ( Jong Duk Kim ),박원하 ( Won Hah Park ),서경묵 ( Kyung 대한스포츠의학회 2011 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The purpose of this study was to do the surveillance study of sports injuries which were suffered to National players of South Korea Team during the summer Asian Games 2010 in Guangzhou. All medical staffs of Korea Delegation were asked to report all sports injuries newly incurred during the Games on injury report form, and the physicians made clinical diagnoses of the injuries. Total 725 injuries (430 athletes) were reported, and 288 injuries (209 athletes) were newly incurred: 68 injuries (58 athletes) were recurrent with previous history, resulting in total incidence rate: 45.5 injuries/1000 athlete exposures (AE) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.1-50.6 injuries/1000 AE) and incidence proportion: 26% (95% CI: 23-29). The new injury was highest in athletics (n=37, 12.8%), hockey (n=26, 9.0%), and basketball (n=23, 8.0%). While 162 injuries (56.2%) were incurred during practice, 126 injuries (43.8%) were incurred in competition. The most frequent diagnoses were lateral ankle ligament sprain (n=28, 9.7%, 95% CI: 6.3-13.1), calf muscle cramp (n=23, 95% CI: 4.9-11.1), and hamstring strain (n=22, 95% CI: 4.6-10.7). The relapsed injury was highest in athletics (n=16, 23.5%), basketball (n=6, 8.8%), and wrestling (n=5, 7.4%). While 50 injuries (73.5%) were recurred during practice, 18 injuries (26.5%) were recurred in competition. The most frequent diagnoses of relapsed injury were calf muscle cramp (n=11, 16.2%, 95% CI: 7.4-25.0), low back strain (n=6, 8.8%, 95% CI: 2.1-15.6), and hamstring strain (n=6, 8.8%, 95% CI: 2.1-15.6). Our data indicated incidence rates, incidence proportions, characteristics and frequent diagnoses of acute and recurrent sports injuries during the games, therefore these results could provide relevant information for the sports injury prevention at elite level.

대학 엘리트 운동선수들의 종목에 따른 도핑에 대한 사고방식과 스포츠 성취목표 성향 및 지각된 동기분위기의 관계 분석

김은국 ( Eunkuk Kim ),박한별 ( Hanbyel Park ),최호경 ( Hokyung Choi ) 대한스포츠의학회 2021 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.39 No.3

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between the attitudes toward doping, sport orientation, and perceived motivational climate in sport, and to provide useful information on the anti-doping strategy. Methods: A total of 567 athletes in 21 sports completed four questionnaires Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS), Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ; competitiveness orientation, win orientation, goal orientation), Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ; task orientation, ego orientation), and Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2; ego-involving and task-involving climates). They were divided into four categories: speed/power (n=201), endurance (n=154), motor skill (n=119), and team (n=93). We identified the difference of variables among four categories and verified possible factors significantly associated with attitudes toward doping. Results: The PEAS of athletes in both speed/power sports and Team sports was higher than motor skill sports, and the team sports athletes also showed higher PEAS than endurance sports athletes. In speed/power sports, the task of TEOSQ and the win of SOQ were related to PEAS, and in endurance sports, the task of TEOSQ and the ego-involving of PMCSQ were related to PEAS. In motor skill sports and Team sports, the task-involving of PMCSQ and the goal of SOQ were associated with PEAS, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study provided new insights into the psychosocial mechanisms of attitudes toward doping, and it would contribute significantly to effective anti-doping strategies based on sports characteristics.

중국의 동북공정 상에 보이는 발해사 서술

김은국(Kim Eun-kuk) 가천대학교 아시아문화연구소 2007 아시아문화연구 Vol.12 No.-

"Northeast Project"(東北工程) will be closed with publish of that outcome goods, but fundamental grudge is various in that result water and the 2nd northeast project is forecast is widely known fact. The logic of the Chinese academic world is not a possibility becoming the pure scientific viewpoint. The logic which is "the theory of unified multiethnic state"(統一的 多民族國家論) currently is for the control of the ethnic minority of China. In this situation, When the distortion time of China comes out from like this situation every, only confrontation it will do and only us it will be able to overcome it logical development to be later there is not only a quality possibility. In order to overcome the political anger of like this history problem the authorities, it pushes, the study confrontation is necessary under trade name cooperating of the discussion back, must do a policy confrontation under the logic. Must be reversed the time of china side which is obstinate with this Jen our logic and development. The Korean academic world gravity center will not be the fact that it is letting in only possibly new logical development. The creation imitation is the work which is more difficult the form of creation than. Creation of broad sense it will lead, it will include must present the far bank it will be able to overcome the time of existing and. The next versatility the confrontation must be propelled hereupon. Northeast project relation succeeding publish scandal tracking and obtainment it leads and must continue an analysis, and North Korea, Japan and Russia and it prepares it leads to emanate and the international network construction of the history is earnest. 21 century is time of new millennium. The start of new millennium saw a history and a culture at the time when it is various and it came, meaning of that result history it knew and with only the new wind together to coexist that it stops, became the market of the recognition which owns jointly. Koguryo(高句麗) and Balhae(渤海), That is a history of Korea millennium history and the history recognition must own jointly together from East Asia is the good model. It distorts that real image with the area attention which is narrow-minded and neutralization attention, compared to when millennium time currently and with a future will correspond the conversion needs with a new history recognition.

한 · 몽 渤海 유적과 ‘고누 길’(Gonu-road)

김은국(Kim, Eun-kuk) 한국역사민속학회 2014 역사민속학 Vol.0 No.46

이 논문은 발해 유물 중 고누판 및 고누알을 통해 동아시아 교류상을 확인하고 나아가 발해의 ‘고누 길’(Gonu-road) 상정을 위한 접근이다. 우선 몽골의 거란 도성인 ‘친톨고이’(Chintolgoi) 유적과 러시아 연해주에 위치한 발해 ‘鹽州’(Kraskino) 성 발굴 비교를 통해 발해유민이 연계가되어 발해문화의 파급을 상정할 수 있었다. 이들 비교 연구에서 주목한 것이 2004년 염주성에서 발굴된 고누판이었다. 이 고누판의 사용 시기는 그 하한이 9세기 초였다. 고누판의 분석을 통해 염주성 출토 고누판은 역시 한국의 전통적인 ‘참고누판’으로 그 분포는 제주도에서부터 개성 만월대, 그리고 황해남도를 거쳐, 두만강 건너에 위치한 발해 염주성(크라스키노 성)에까지 이른 것을 확인하였다. 발해 염주성의 고누판은 한국의 유물로는 현재 신라의 고누판과 더불어 시기가 가장 올라가는 것이다. 최근의 발굴 성과를 통해 이러한 고누판은 제주도의 ‘항파두리’ 유적에서도 출토되었는데 그 편년은 13세기경이다. 이외에도 현재 중원 지역과 몽골국 내에서도 다수 출토되었으며 특히 몽골국의 거란 도성인 ‘하르-발가스’ 성의 고누판은 중원의 것과 더불어 10세기 이후의 편년을 나타낸다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 고누와 고누판의 성격을 반영한 ‘고누 길’(Gonu-road) 설정을 제시하고자 한다. 이러한 ‘고누길’의 설정은 이른바 ‘남북국사’(南北國史)의 새로운 연구 주제로 자리매김할 수 있을 것이다. 한국사에서 7세기부터 10세기는 신라와 발해가 남과 북의 두 나라 형세로 발전하였던 ‘남북국시대’(南北國時代)로 명명하지만, 이에 걸맞은 실증 자료는 그리 많지 않다. 따라서 이번에 분석한 연해주 염주성 출토 ‘(참)고누판’은 남북국사의 고리를 이어주는 실물자료로 재평가되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the “Gonu-Road” of Balhae Dinasty and to verify the mutual exchanges between East Asian countries and Balhae Dinasty. By comparing the Khitan Chintolgoi castle site in Mongolia and Balhae Kraskino castle site (鹽州) in Russian territory, this paper concluded that the Balhae Diaspora is coherently linked to the spread of Balhae culture. Thus, the research is focused on the Gonu board from the excavation at Kraskino castle (鹽州) in 2004. And the time limit is the early 9th century. Also, through the analysis of the Gonu board in Kraskino castle (鹽州) region, the Gonu board of Kraskino castle (鹽州) are just the same as the antiquity of the korean traditional game ‘Cham-Gonu board’, which was a popular game in traditional Korean society. The distribution ranges from Jeju Island, South Hwanghae Province to Kraskino castle (鹽州). Kraskino castle (鹽州)’s Gonu board was the oldest Gonu board, along with the Silla Dynasty’s Gonu board. The recently excavated Hangpaduri in Jeju Island remains is around the 13th century. Both of the Gonu boards from the ancient castle in China province and ‘Xara-balgas’ castle in Mongolia may had been used since the 10th century. Based on the results, this paper suggests and introduces a concept of ‘Gonu-Road’ which reflects the features of Gonu and Gonu board. This concept itself could become a new position of a research topic in the field of History of Nambukguk(南北國史). And that repers to a view that considers Balhae Dynasty as a part of Korean history. Korean History considers the period from the 7th century to 10th century as North South States Period, which refers to the situation where Balhae Dynasty and Silla Dynasty developed respectively in north and south. However, there is insufficient data to demonstrate this view. Therefore, Gonu board of Kraskino castle (鹽州) should be reevaluated as a substantial data that can fill in gaps in South-North Korean history.

한국체육대학교 학생들의 도핑에 대한 지식, 믿음 및 성향

김은국 ( Eun-kuk Kim ),최호경 ( Ho-kyung Choi ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2015 스포츠사이언스 Vol.32 No.2

반도핑 전략에 있어서, 도핑에 대한 관대함이 금지약물을 사용하게 되는 것과 같이 도핑에 대한 사고방식과 믿음이 도핑을 행하는 행동의 지표로 간주된다. 본 연구의 목적은 체육대학교의 입시 준비를 한 학생들을 대상으로 도핑에 대한 지식과 믿음, 성향을 정량적으로 측정하고 그 특성을 분석하여, 효율적인 반도핑 프로그램에 유용한 자료로 제공하고자 하는 것이다. 한국체육대학교에 재학 중인 일반학과(비체육학과) 학생들 중 190명 대학생들의 도핑에 대한 사고방식 및 성향을 정량적으로 측정하기 위해 Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale(PEAS)을 한국어로 번역한 설문지를 사용하였다. 그 결과, 연구대상자의 PEAS 점수는 41.11±13.82로 선행연구의 엘리트 운동선수들의 PEAS 점수(39.87±13.41)보다 약간 높게 나타났으나, 성별간에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 87% 정도가 금지약물에 대해 알지 못했다. 몇몇의 남학생은 고의 또는 부주의로 과거에 약물은 복용한 적이 있었고, 5명의 학생은 금지약물을 복용한 적이 있거나 현재 복용하고 있는 학생 또는 선수를 알고 있다고 하였으며, 이들의 PEAS 점수가 평균점수보다 높게 나타났다. 대부분의 학생들은 17개의 설문지 문항 중 14개의 문항에 있어서 부정적으로 응답하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 체육대학교에 재학 중인 학생들에게 효율적인 반도핑 프로그램에 유용한 자료로 제공될 것이다. In the strategy for the doping control, attitudes and beliefs are considered an index of doping behaviour, relating the use of banned substances to greater leniency towards doping. The aim of this study was to quantitatively measure the doping related attitudes, beliefs and knowledge among non-elite students attending Korea National Sport University. Data were collected by questionnaires among the students (n=190). Outcome measures included doping knowledge, behavior and attitude (Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale; PEAS). PEAS scores were 41.11±13.82, in which there was no significant difference between sexes. About eighty-seven percent of students were unaware of banned substances. A few male students admitted the past use of doping knowingly or inadvertently and 5 students reported that they knew others doping, and they demonstrated higher PEAS scores. Most students demonstrated negative attitudes toward doping in 14 items among 17 PEAS questionnaires. This study may provide Sport University students with educational strategy for effective anti-doping program.

엘리트 쇼트트랙 스피드 스케이팅 선수들의 스포츠 손상에 대한 역학 연구

김은국(Kim, Eun-Kuk),최호경(Choi, Ho-Kyung) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate sports injuries which were developed by Korean elite short track speed skaters. Seventeen elite skaters who belonged to S-City Team were enrolled in this study. The epidemiologic data were collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire based on injury report form of the International Olympic Committee. A total of 53 injuries were reported, and 25 injuries and 28 injuries were developed in adolescents and adult skaters, respectively. In adolescent skaters, incidence rate (IR) of all injuries was 3.28 injuries/1000 athlete exposures (AEs), and the IR of the knee injuries was the highest (3.64 injuries/10000AEs). Injuries during training comprised 96% of all injuries and contact injuries were 48%. Serious injuries that needed to be absent from trains or competitions more than one day were 40% and 44% of all injures were still inducing pain with exercise. In adult skaters, total IR was 4.59 injuries/1000AEs and the highest IR was 4.13 injuries/1000AEs in knee joint. Injuries during training comprised 82.1% of all injuries and contact injuries were 53.6%. Serious injuries were 28.6% and 28.6% were still inducing pain with exercise. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated IRs and characteristics of sports injuries, which could be helpful to provide useful information for preparing preventive measures against the sports injuries in elite short track speed skaters.

2012 런던올림픽대회 의료진의 윤리 인식 및 고민

김은국 ( Eun Kuk Kim ),김태규 ( Tae Gyu Kim ) 대한스포츠의학회 2012 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.30 No.2

농업용무인항공살포기의 유효살포폭 측정장비 구축을 위한 농업용 드론 개발동향 분석

김은국 ( Eun Kuk Kim ),한철우 ( Cheol Woo Han ),백선욱 ( Baek Sun Wook ),임지섭 ( Ji-seob Lim ),김영태 ( Young-tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.2

최근 4차 산업혁명이 진행되면서 농업에서도 ICT기술이 융합된 스마트팜, 농업용 드론 및 로봇 등 다양한 기술이 보급·확산되고 있다. 특히 농업용 드론 중 하나인 농업용무인항공살포기는 가장먼저 보급되어 항공방제를 통하여 수도작 중 방제에 소요되는 노동력을 약 50% 이상 절감이 가능하다. 그러나 항공방제는 기체의 비행성능과 살포균일도가 낮을 경우에는 비산, 집중살포 등으로 작물 및 인접 농가에 약해 피해를 준다. 기체의 비행성능은 비행제어장치의 설정을 수정하거나 부품의 교체를 통하여 비교적 쉽게 개선이 가능하나, 살포균일도의 경우에는 노즐, 로터의 하향풍 등 여러 가지의 영향으로 반복시험으로 개선을 하여야 한다. 살포균일도는 유효살포폭을 측정하여 계산하는데 시험결과가 외부환경에 영향을 받으므로 시험결과에 대한 재현성 및 신뢰성 등을 확보하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유효살포폭을 외부환경의 영향을 받지 않는 상태에서 측정하기 위하여 실내에 유효살포폭 측정장비를 구축하기 위하여 농업기술실용화재단 종합검정 기준에 적합한 농업용무인항공살포기를 대상으로 프레임 직경, 로터(날개) 길이, 최대회전반경 등을 조사하여 실내시험장비에 농업용무인항공살포기를 부착하기 위한 지그 및 실내주행장치, 구조물 등의 크기를 조사하고자 하였으며 조사된 결과를 바탕으로 농업용무인항공살포기 실내검정시스템을 구축하고자 한다.