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무위험 금리평형의 불균형: 금리․환율 개별 충격의 동태효과 분석
김윤영(Yun-Yeong Kim) 한국계량경제학회 2010 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC THEORY AND ECONOMETRICS Vol.21 No.2
본고에서는 외환위기 이후 우리나라의 무위험 금리 평형조건 (covered interest rate parity)의 불균형 오차 (disequilibrium error)와 국내외 금리 및 현ㆍ선물환율 개별충격과의 동태적 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 김윤영⋅박준용 (2008), Kim(2008, 2009), Kim and Park (2008), 김윤영 (2009)을 따라 무위험 금리평형을 구성하는 변수들을 개별적으로 모두 고려한 VAR 모형에서 유도된 변환 오차수정모형을 도입하였다. 충격반응, 그랜저 검정 등의 분석 결과 2000 년대 들어 우리나라의 무위험 금리평형 불균형 오차는 환율 보다는 주로 국내외 금리 부분에서의 충격에서 유발되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 국내외 금리 및 현ㆍ선물환율 간의 장기 공적분 관계의 추정계수로 정의된 불균형 오차를 이용하여 동일한 동태분석을 실시한 경우와 구조모형의 식별 순서를 바꾼 경우에도 유사한 결과가 도출되었다. 그러나 무위험 금리평형 불균형 오차가 금리와 환율 변수에 미치는 영향은 분석 방법에 따라 상이하게 나타났다. 따라서 우리나라의 경우 환율ㆍ외환 정책 보다는 통화정책이 더 무위험 금리평형의 불균형을 유발하는 요인이 될 수 있으므로 통화당국의 기준금리 결정시 이를 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다. This paper analyzes the dynsmics and determinants of disequilibrium error in the covered interest parity (CIP) thrpough the transformed error correction model following Kim and Park (2008), Kim (2008, 2009), Kim and Park (2008) and Kim (2009). According to the dynamic analyses including impulse response analyses and Granger causality test, I found the CIP disequilibrium error may be mainly caused not by the foreign exchange rate part but by the domestic and foreign interest part. However the dynamic effect of the CIP error to the interest rates and exchange rates was not meaningful. These results imply that there may be restrictions to hinder the arbitrage transaction to clear the CIP disequilibrium quickly. A restriction to this direction is the credit risk of Korean financial market and any policy reaction to reduce it may be necessary. For instance, any effort to inform the sound fundamentals of Korean economy in the international financial markets may be useful.
한방 임상연구 실무자들의 직무 및 스트레스에 관한 연구
김윤영,유종향,김호석,김윤정,김상혁,이시우,Kim, Yun-Young,Yoo, Jong-Hyang,Kim, Ho-Seok,Kim, Yun-Jeong,Kim, Sang-Hyuk,Lee, Si-Woo 사상체질의학회 2011 사상체질의학회지 Vol.23 No.1
1. Objectives: In this research, job and stress of the staffs who is working on clinical trial of oriental medicine involved in the project of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) was identified. And an efficient way to enhance the working ability of clinical trial of oriental medicine was developed by recognizing the relationship of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance with their stress. 2. Methods: A survey was conducted on 18 staffs in 12 hospitals who is working in the project of The construction of constitutional information collecting system for the scientification of Sasang Constitution. The collected data was analyzed with computer software of SPSS 17.0 3. Results: The research results are as follows: 1. The staffs of clinical trial of oriental medicine responded that they want to receive the rewards for their work with a salary, and they felt that through clinical demonstration followed by SOP and front face photograph are the most difficult works in clinical trial of oriental medicine. 2. Permanent workers showed higher organizational commitment than temporary workers in the relationship of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance with general characteristics(p=0.026). 3. In the relationship of job stress with general characteristics, the workers who are higher than college graduates had dissatisfaction in salary with the highest frequency(p=.004), and the workers whose monthly salary is higher than 2 millions won showed the lowest job stress(p=.021). 4. In the relationship of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance with job stress, as job apprehension stress is increased, job performance is dramatically decreased(p=.027). And as improper salary stress is increased, job satisfaction and organizational commitment is dramatically decreased (p=.018, p=.050). 4. Conclusions: It was clearly evidenced that job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance is closely related with stress of the staffs who is working on clinical trial of oriental medicine. And it is highly recommended that the improvement of working condition and the decrease of job stress can enhance the working ability of them.
외환위기 전후 원‧달러 환율의 불균형 오차 결정요인 분석
김윤영 (Yun-Yeong Kim) 한국계량경제학회 2008 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC THEORY AND ECONOMETRICS Vol.19 No.4
본고는 통화론적 환율결정모형과 Engle-Granger의 공적분이론에서 정의되는 원․달러 환율 불균형 오차의 결정요인을 외환위기 전․후 기간을 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석 모형으로는 김윤영‧박준용 (2007)을 따라 VAR 모형을 변환한 후 불균형 오차의 동태 방정식을 유도하여 사용하였으며, 이 방법은 오차수정모형 (error correction model)과 비교하여 불균형 오차의 발생요인 분해, 안정성(stationarity) 검정과 실물경제 변수와의 상호영향분석에 장점을 지니고 있다. 실증 분석 결과는 환율 변동성의 축소와 실물경제의 안정 성장이 서로 상치되는 정책목표일 수도 있음을 시사하고 있다. 즉 정책 당국의 개입비중이 컸던 외환위기 전의 경우 외환시장의 불균형이 발생하였을 경우 조정되는 속도는 외환위기 후에 비해 빨랐으나 이로 인한 환율의 왜곡이 성장률 등 실물경제에 부정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 외환위기 이후 자유변동환율제 실시로 환율 결정이 거시경제 변수 등 시장의 수급 요인에 의해 주로 결정됨에 따라 외환시장의 불균형이 발생하였을 경우 조정되는 속도는 외환위기 전에 비해 느려졌으나 성장률 등 실물경제에 미치는 부정적인 영향은 줄어든 것으로 보인다. The paper analyzes whether there was any change in the dynamics of disequilibrium error of Korean Won-Dollar foreign exchange rates before and after Asian financial crisis. We used a transformed error correction model where the dependent variable is the disequilibrium error deduced from the cointegration theory, following Kim and Park (2008). The long run equilibrium of exchange rate is basically defined from the monetary approach. From the estimation using the data for the period before the Asian financial crisis, we found there was the negative effect of exchange rate disequilibrium shock on the real growth rate, even though the disequilibrium error has been quickly disappeared probably through the government intervention. After the crisis, the disequilibrium error of exchange rate did not disappear quickly possibly due to the choice of free floating system. However the detrimental effect of disequilibrium shock for the real growth rate has been mitigated. The result confirms a policy dilemma that is a trade-off between the exchange rate stabilization and sound growth in the real sector which may not be attained simultaneously.
김윤영,김호석,백영화,유종향,김상혁,장은수,Kim, Yun-Young,Kim, Ho-Seok,Baek, Young-Hwa,Yoo, Jong-Hyang,Kim, Sang-Hyuk,Jang, Eun-Su 사상체질의학회 2011 사상체질의학회지 Vol.23 No.3
1. Objectives: This clinical study was conducted to understand the differences between Sasang constitutional types and to identify the physical symptoms presentation specific to each Sasang constitutional type. 2. Methods: In this descriptive study, 2,629 subjects (1,061 Taeeum-type, 683 Soeum-type, 885 Soyang-type) were surveyed between Nov 1, 2007 and Jul 31, 2010. The subjective symptoms experienced by the subjects were collected using a Physical Symptoms questionnaire, and the subjects were interviewed by Sasang specialists who determined the subjects' constitutional type. The data (in crude number and percentage) was analyzed on the general characteristics, Sasang constitutional type, and physical symptoms using the SPSS 17.0 software. The symptomatic presentation in men and women were analyzed on Sasang constitutional distribution using the chi-square test. 3. Results: 1) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type were as follows: 'frequent aphthous lesions in the oral cavity', 'lingering fatigue after sleep', 'headache', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', and 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; 'physical deterioration presenting as problems in perspiration' and 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type; and 'excessive forgetfulness' in the Soyang type. 2) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type in men were as follows: 'Unilateral or bilateral headaches, 'frequent aphthous lesions in the oral cavity', 'common cold symptoms presenting as rhinorrhea or nasal congestion', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', and 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; and 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type. 3) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type in women were as follows: 'common cold symptoms presenting as headaches', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; and 'pain in knees', 'redness of eyes', 'dryness of mouth', 'common cold symptoms presenting as coughing', 'physical deterioration presenting as problems in perspiration', 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type. 4. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that physical symptoms present in constitutional type-specific patterns. Understanding of the personal Sasang constitutional type and systematic, personalized healthcare based on constitutional typology is anticipated to contribute to improved health management strategy.
김윤영,서영민,김장현,Kim, Yoon-Young,Seo, Young-Min,Kim, Jang-Hyun 대한한방소아과학회 2008 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.22 No.3
Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the baby moisturizers and give information about basis of herbal moisturizer. Methods : We selected 243 goods by searching with keywords as "baby moisturizer" at 6 major web search engines, 12 web shopping malls in Korea. 10 items were evaluated under three evaluation criteria such as type of product, ingredient and function of goods. Results : Study resulted that the most type of moisturizers were lotion type. 80% of the products contained medical agents. Ingredients of medical agents were herbal medicine, aroma oil, vitamin and extract. The moisturizer for atopic dermatitis contained ceramide about half. The ingredient of herbal medicine existed usually as excipients, not as active ingredient. Conclusion : It is necessary to study and develop new products contained herbal medicine as active ingredient based on the oriental medical theory.
수면중 간질발작을 주소로 하는 증후성 간질 환아 증례 보고
김윤영,민상연,김장현,Kim, Yoon-Young,Min, Sang-Yeon,Kim, Jang-Hyun 대한한방소아과학회 2009 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.23 No.1
Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a case which gave various remarkable epilepsy treatment results by using oriental medicine. Methods We treated the patient with acupuncture as a main treatment and herbal medicine. We also recommended to the patient and patient's parents to continue oriental medical treatment for 2 years from now because symptomatic epilepsy is a type of disease which needs long term care. Results The epileptic seizure has been well controlled for 12 months so far, and the results was recorded by EEG. The EEG level was in normal range. Conclusions Even though this is only one case of the study but this case has an important meaning because the epilepsy was treated by oriental medicine, especially acupuncture treatment. The control of the symptomatic epileptic seizure was effective by means of increasing patient's quality of life. Further studies about effective treatment of symptomatic epilepsy would be needed with more various cases.
인간 배아줄기세포로의 eGFP 유전자 도입 및 특성 분석
김윤영,구승엽,박용빈,오선경,문신용,최영민,Kim, Yoon-Young,Ku, Seung-Yup,Park, Yong-Bin,Oh, Sun-Kyung,Moon, Shin-Yong,Choi, Young-Min 대한생식의학회 2009 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.36 No.4
목 적: 인간 배아줄기세포 (human embryonic stem cells; hESCs)는 체외에서 오랫동안 증식할 수 있으며, 모든 종류의 세포로 분화할 수 있는 능력을 가진 세포이다. 그러므로, 인간 배아줄기세포는 세포치료의 세포공급원의 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대를 모으고 있다. 인간 배아줄기세포로의 외래 유전자의 도입은 분화경로 규명 및 특정 유전자의 기능 규명 등에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 렌티 바이러스를 이용하여 eGFP 유전자를 XY와 XX 핵형을 가진 인간 배아줄기세포주에 도입하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 렌티 바이러스를 이용하여 eGFP 유전자를 인간 배아줄기세포에 도입하였다. 도입된 eGFP의 발현은 형광현미경을 이용하여 확인하였으며, 유세포 분석을 통하여 eGFP 발현세포의 비율을 분석하였다. 또한, eGFP가 도입된 인간 배아줄기세포에서 표지인자인 Oct4, SSEA4 및 Tra-1-81의 발현을 확인하였으며, 배아체의 형성 여부를 확인하여 특성분석을 수행하였다. 결 과: eGFP는 인간 배아줄기세포로 성공적으로 도입되었다. eGFP의 발현은 40 계대 이상 안정적으로 지속되었다. eGFP를 발현하는 인간 배아줄기세포는 eGFP 도입 후에도, 배아줄기세포의 특성을 유지하고 있음이 확인되었다. 또한, 자연적 분화 동안 발현이 감소하는 현상이 관찰되었다. 결 론: 본 연구에서는 렌티 바이러스를 이용하여 eGFP가 도입된 인간 배아줄기세포주를 확립하였으며, 그 특성이 유지되고 있음을 확인하였다. 표지 유전자가 도입된 인간 배아줄기세포주는 분화 및 다른 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Objective: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can proliferate indefinitely and differentiate into all kinds of cell types in vitro. Therefore, hESCs can be used as a cell source for cell-based therapy. Transduction of foreign genes to hESCs could be useful for tracing differentiation processes of hESCs and elucidation of gene function. Thus, we tried to introduce enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene to hESCs, XX and XY cell lines in this study. Methods: Lentivirus containing eGFP was packaged in 293T cells and applied to hESCs to transduce eGFP. Expression of transduced eGFP was evaluated under the fluorescence microscope and eGFP positive population was analyzed by FACS. Expression of undifferentiation state markers such as Oct4, Nanog, SSEA4 and Tra-1-81 was examined by RT-PCR and/or immunofluorescence in eGFP-hESCs after transduction. In addition, the ability of eGFP-hESCs to form embryoid bodies (EBs) was tested. Results: eGFP was successfully transduced to hESCs by lentivirus. eGFP expression was stably maintained up to more than 40 passages. eGFP-hESCs retained expression patterns of undifferentiation state markers after transduction. Interestingly, disappearance of transduced eGFP was notably observed during spontaneous differentiation of eGFP-hESCs. Conclusion: We established eGFP expressing hESC lines using lentivirus and showed the maintenance of undifferentiation characteristics of these eGFP-hESCs. This reporter-containing hESCs could be useful for tracing the processes of differentiation of hESCs and other studies.
필용방감길탕이 기도 뮤신의 분비, 생성, 유전자 발현 및 점액 과다 분비에 미치는 영향
김윤영,민상연,김장현,Kim, Yoon Young,Min, Sang Yeon,Kim, Jang Hyun 대한한방소아과학회 2014 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.28 No.2
Objectives In this study, the author tried to investigate whether piryongbang-gamgil-tang (PGGT) significantly affect in vitro airway mucin secretion, PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production / gene expression from human airway epithelial cells and increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells of rats. Materials and Methods For in vitro experiment, confluent RTSE cells were chased for 30 min in the presence of PGGT to assess the effect of PGGT on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, effect of PGGT on PMA- or EGFor TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of PGGT and treated with PMA (10 ng/ml) or EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.2 nM) for 24 hrs, to assess both effect of PGGT on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production by ELISA and gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For in vivo experiment, the author induced hypersecretion of airway mucus and goblet cell hyperplasia by exposure of rats to $SO_2$ during 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered PGGT during 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats and hyperplasia of goblet cells were assesed by using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicities of PGGT in vitro were assessed by examining LDH release from RTSE cells and the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. In vivo liver and kidney toxicities of PGGT were evaluated by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN/creatinine concentrations of rats after administering PGGT orally. Results (1) PGGT did not affect in vitro mucin secretion from cultured RTSE cells. (2) PGGT significantly inhibited PMA-, EGF-, and TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin productions and the expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA from NCI-H292 cells. (3) PGGT decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances and showed the tendency of expectorating airway mucus already produced. (4) PGGT increased LDH release from RTSE cells. However, PGGT did not show in vivo liver and kidney toxicities and cytotoxicity to NCI-H292 cells. Conclusion The result from this study suggests that PGGT can regulate the production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in diverse respiratory diseases accompanied by mucus hypersecretion and do not show in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration. Effect of PGGT with their components should be further studied using animal experimental models that reflect the diverse pathophysiology of respiratory diseases through future investigations.
2파장 펌프-프로브 기법을 이용한 질화규소 박막의 열물성 평가
김윤영,Kim, Yun Young 한국재료학회 2019 한국재료학회지 Vol.29 No.9
In the present study, the thermal conductivity of a silicon nitride($Si_3N_4$) thin-film is evaluated using the dual-wavelength pump-probe technique. A 100-nm thick $Si_3N_4$ film is deposited on a silicon (100) wafer using the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique and film structural characteristics are observed using the X-ray reflectivity technique. The film's thermal conductivity is measured using a pump-probe setup powered by a femtosecond laser system of which pump-beam wavelength is frequency-doubled using a beta barium borate crystal. A multilayer transient heat conduction equation is numerically solved to quantify the film property. A finite difference method based on the Crank-Nicolson scheme is employed for the computation so that the experimental data can be curve-fitted. Results show that the thermal conductivity value of the film is lower than that of its bulk status by an order of magnitude. This investigation offers an effective way to evaluate thermophysical properties of nanoscale ceramic and dielectric materials with high temporal and spatial resolutions.
사상체질의학회지 게재논문의 영문 주제어와 MeSH 용어의 비교 분석
김윤영,박혜주,이시우,유종향,Kim, Yun-Young,Park, Hye-Joo,Lee, Si-Woo,Yoo, Jong-Hyang 사상체질의학회 2013 사상체질의학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Objectives The purpose of this study was analyzing the equality between the MeSH terms and the keyword used in the papers published in Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine and investigating how to use an appropriate MeSH terms as keyword in the papers. Methods A total of 704 keyword used in 177 papers published from 2009 to 2012 in Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were analyzed to investigate the equality between the keyword and the MeSH terms. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software for frequency analysis. Results Among the 704 keyword, 107 keyword(15.2%) was perfectly matched with the MeSH terms. 64 keyword(9.1%) showed partial difference was with the MeSH terms, and 11 keyword(1.7%) showed partial difference was with the Entry terms. 127 keyword(18.0%) were included in the exception item due to the nature of journal, and 395 keyword(56.1%) were not perfectly matched with the MeSH terms. In the yearly analysis result, the number of papers that keyword and MeSH terms perfectly matched was not significant changed, however the number of papers that keyword and MeSH terms did not matched was continuously increased, which clearly indicate use of MeSH terms as the keyword of the papers published in the journal of Sasang constitution medicine is insufficient. Conclusions The papers published in journal of Sasang constitutional medicine need to be cited in various fields and the paper's finding need to affect in other studies for the development of Korean medicine and Sasang constitutional medicine. The use of proper keyword aligned with the international standards is necessary to accomplish the globalization of them.