단과대학체제 : 간호교육에서의 단과대학 ( 학과 ) 체제

김옥수 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 1999 교육개혁과 간호교육의 방향 Vol.- No.-

Transcriptional Regulation of the Murine Dopamine Receptor Regulating Factor (DRRF) Gene

김옥수,이영춘,이상현,Kim Ok Soo,Lee Young-Choon,Lee Sang-Hyeon Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The murine dopamine receptor regulating factor (DRRF) gene is transcribed from a TATA-less promoter that has several putative Sp1 binding sites. The present investigation identifies functional transcription factors that modulate the expression of this gene, In the $D_2-expressing$ NB41A3 cells, Spl potently activates transcription from the DRRF promoter in pCAT-DRRF-1153/+17, but DRRF effectively inhibits it. Deletion of the 31 bp fragment between -1153 and -1122 decreased transcription down to about $60\%$. This fragment contains a functional API binding site. In addition, deletion of the 129 bp region between -901 and -772 further decreased transcription. The latter region has a functional AP2 binding site. Using a DRRF_AP1 (bases -1153 to -1121) probe, a specific retarded band was observed, and the unlabeled AP1 consensus competitor could effectively compete away this retarded band. In addition, using a DRRF_AP2 (bases -873 to -846), a specific retarded band was observed, and the unlabeled AP2 consensus competitor could effectively compete away this retarded band. The present observations suggest that Spl and DRRF regulate the DRRF promoter and that both API and AP2 also modulate this gene. 생쥐의 도파민 수용체 조절인자 (DRRF)유전자는 몇몇 Spl 결합부위를 가지고 TATA가 없는 프로모터로부터 전사된다. 본 연구에서는 이 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 기능성 조절인자들을 밝힌다. $D_2$ 도파민 수용체를 발현하는 NB41A3 세포에서 Spl은 pCAT-DRRF-l153/+17에 포함된 DRRF 프로모터부터 의 전사를 촉진시키지만 DRRF는 전사를 억제시켰다. -1153과 -1122 사이의 31 bp 단편의 결손에 의해 전사활성은 약 $60\%$ 정도 감소하였다. 이 단편은 기능성 AP1 결합부위를 포함하고 있다 게다가, -901과 -772사이의 129 bp영역의 결손에 의해 전사활성이 더욱 더 감소하였다. 이 영역은 기능성 AP2 결합부위를 가진다. DRRF_AP1 (bases -1153 to -1121) 탐침을 이용한 gel shift실험에서 특정 벤드가 관찰되었고, 이 벤드는 API 상보성 경쟁자에 의해 효과적으로 사라졌다. 더욱이, DRRF_AP2 (bases -873 to -846) 탐침을 이용한 gel shift실험에서도 특정 벤드가 관찰되었고, 이 벤드도 AP2상보성 경쟁자에 의해 효과적으로 사라졌다. 본 연구결과로, Spl과 DRRF가 DRRF 프로모터를 효과적으로 조절한다는 사실과, AP1과 AP2 역시 이 유전자를 조절한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

키토산이 배양중인 치주인대세포에 미치는 영향

김옥수,정현주,Kim, Ok-Su,Chung, Hyun-Ju 대한치주과학회 2001 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.31 No.1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan coating on the attachment, proliferation, functional and morphological change of periodontal ligament cells. Primary human periodontal ligament cells were cultured in dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. In experimental group, cells of 4th to 7th passage were inoculated in the multiwell plates coated with chitosan in concentration of 0.22, 0.2, and $2mg/m{\ell}$. Cell counting and MTT assay were done after 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6 and 24 hours of incubation to evaluate the cell attachment, and then after 2 and 7 days of culture to evaluate the cell proliferation. The alkaline phosphatase activity was measured after 4 and 7 days of culture and the ability to produce mineralized modules was evaluated after 21 days of culture. The results were as follows : 1. The morphology of periodontal ligament cells on the chitosan coating was round or spheric. Round cells were aggregated after 6 hours of culture. Aggregated cells on the chitosan coated surface showed nodule-like appearance after 24 hours of culture and not achieved confluency at 7 days. 2. During early period of culture, the attachment of periodontal ligament cells were inhibited by chitosan coating. Inhibition of cell attachment tended to increase with the concentration of chitosan. 3. At the chitosan concentration of 0.02 and $0.2mg/m{\ell}$, periodontal ligament cells were more rapidly proliferated at 7 days, compared to the control group. At the concentration of $2mg/m{\ell}$, the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was inhibitied(p<0.01). 4. Alkaline phosphatase activity of periodontal ligament cells was increased in chitosan coated group, especially at the concentration of $0.02mg/m{\ell}$after 4 days of culture.5. Periodontal ligament cells produced mineralized nodules on chitosan coated wells without the addition of mineralized nodule forming materials (ascorbic acid, ${\beta}-glycerophosphat$, dexamethasone). With the addition of mineralized nodule forming materials, periodontal ligament cells produced more mineralized nodules at the concentration of $0.02mg/m{\ell}$, compared to the control. In summary, the attachment, proliferation, cell activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity of periodontal ligament cells depended on the concentration of coated chitosan. Chitosan stimulated mineralized nodule formation by periodontal ligament cells. At the appropriate concentration($0.02mg/m{\ell}$), chitosan could increase alkaline phosphatase activity and stimulate the formation of mineralized nodule by periodontal ligament cells. These results suggest that chitosan can be used as an adjunct for bone graft material, and the matrix of tissue engineering for periodontal regeneration, especially bone regeneration.

여성흡연자들의 흡연, 음주 및 우울에 관한 연구

김옥수 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 2003 Health & Nursing Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of cigarette smoking, nicotine dependency, alcohol drinking, and depression and to investigate the relationships among the variables in women smokers. The sample consisted of 138 community-dwelling women smokers who lived in Seoul. Questionnaires were used to collect data using the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire, Q-F Typology, and 20-item CES-D. Subjects smoked with a mean of 3.4 cigarette packs per week and 1.4% was dependent on nicotine. Twenty-five percent of the subjects smoked the first cigarette within 30 minutes after they wake up in the morning. Subjects consumed alcohol with a mean of 12.63 units per week. Twenty-five percent of the subjects were heavy drinkers. Seventy-two percent of the subjects were depressed. Smoking and nicotine dependency were positively related to alcohol drinking and depression in this study. Alcohol drinking was not related to depression. Health promotion program and smoking cessation program should be developed for women smokers.

정상분만한 산모의 회음절개에 대한 느낌과 반응에 대한 조사연구

김옥수,최경희 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 1979 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.13

키토산이 치은섬유아세포에 미치는 영향

김옥수,정현주,Kim, Ok-Su,Chung, Hyun-Ju 대한치주과학회 2002 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.32 No.1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan coating on the attachment, proliferation, functional and morphological change of human gingival fibroblasts. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. In experimental group, cells were inoculated in the multiwell plates coated with chitosan in concentration of 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg/ml. Cell counting and MTT assay were done after 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6 and 24 hours of incubation to evaluate the cell attachment, and then after 2 and 7 days of culture to evaluate the cell proliferation. The alkaline phosphatase activity was measured after 4 and 7 days of culture and the ability to produce mineralized nodules was evaluated after 21 days of culture. The results were as follows : The morphology of cells on the chitosan-coated well was round or spheric. Round cells were aggregated since 6 hours of culture and showed nodule-like appearance after 24 hours of culture and did not achieved confluency at 7 days. The attachment of gingival fibroblasts was inhibited by chitosan coating with a tendency of dose dependent pattern. But, cellular activity of unit cell was higher than control. The proliferation of gingival fibroblasts was inhibited by chitosan coating at 2 mg/ml(P<0.01), while the cell proliferation at 0.02, 0.2 $mg/m{\ell}$ was comparable to the control well. Total alkaline phosphatase activity was inhibited by chitosan coating and decreased in the course of time. While ALP activity of unit cell was the highest at 2mg/ml after 4 days of culture. Finally, gingival fibroblasts produced the mineralized nodule at 2 mg/ml. In summary, the attachment, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity of gingival fibroblasts were influenced differently by the concentration of coated chitosan. From this study, it could be used as the matrix of tissue engineering for gingiva without inhibition on proliferation of gingival fibroblasts using chitosan at the optimal concentration (0.02mg/ml).

노인 고혈압환자의 약물복용과 보완대체요법 사용에 관한 연구

김옥수,전해옥,김동희,김보혜 성인간호학회 2008 성인간호학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.6

Genomic Organization and Promoter Characterization of the Murine Glial Cell-derived Neurotrophic Factor Inducible Transcription Factor (mGIF) Gene

김옥수,김용만,김남영,이어진,장민경,이동근,이상현,Kim, Ok-Soo,Kim, Yong-Man,Kim, Nam-Young,Lee, Eo-Jin,Jang, Min-Kyung,Lee, Dong-Geun,Lee, Sang-Hyeon Korean Society of Life Science 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

생쥐 신경교세포 유래 신경영양인자 유도성 전사인자(mGIF)의 발현조절에 필요한 전사기작을 연구하기 위하여 mGIF cDNA를 탐침자로 이용하여 genomic clone을 분리하였다. 전체 유전자 13-kb 영역 중 전사개시점에서 4-kb 상류영역의 유전자 서열을 파악한 결과, 프로모터 영역에서 TATA box와 CAAT box는 발견할 수 없었으며 G+C content는 높은 것으로 나타났고 여러 개의 Sp1 전사인자 결합영역이 있었다. 또한 mGIF 유전자는 AP2 결합에 필요한 보존적 영역이 있었다. mGIF 유전자의 프로모터 영역의 단편들을 프로모터가 없는 pGL2-Basic 플라스미드의 luciferase 유전자의 상류에 연결하여 서로 다른 5종류의 결손 돌연변이체를 제조하고 NB41A3 세포주를 이용하여 전사활성을 측정하였다. Transient expression assays 결과, 모든 결손 돌연변이체에서 전사활성이 나타났으며 -213과 -129사이에 전사촉진 영역이 존재하며 -806과 -214사이에 전사억제 영역이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 신경세포주인 NB41A3과 신경교세포주인 C6 그리고 간세포주인 HepG2에서 mGIF 유전자 프로모터의 높은 활성이 관찰되었으며, 근육세포주인 C2C12에서는 낮은 활성이 관찰되었다. 따라서 mGIF 유전자는 조직특이적으로 발현하며 도파민 수용체 유전자와 구조적, 기능적 유사성이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. To study the transcriptional mechanisms by which expression of the murine glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor inducible transcription factor (mGIF) gene is regulated, a murine genomic clone was iso-lated using a mGIF cDNA as probe. A 13-kb genomic fragment, which comprises 4-kb upstream of the transcription initiation site was sequenced. The promoter region lacks a TATA box and CAAT box, is rich in G+C content, and has multiple putative binding sites for the transcription factor Spl. The mGIF gene also has consensus sequences for AP2 binding sites. The transcriptional activity of five deletion mutants of a 2.1-kb fragment was analyzed by modulating transcription of the heterologous luciferase gene in the promoterless plasmid pGL2-Basic. All mutants showed significant transcriptional activity in the murine neuroblastoma cell line NB41A3. Transient expression assays suggested the presence of a positive regulator between -213 and -129 while a negative regulator was found in the region between -806 and -214. Relatively strong transcriptional activity was observed in neuronal NB41A3, glial C6 cells and hepatic HepG2, but very weak activity in skeletal muscle C2C12 cells. These findings confirm the tissue-specific activity of the mGIF promoter and suggest that this gene shares structural and functional similarities with the dopamine receptor genes that it regulates.

드라이든의 오거스턴 신화와 현실: 『압살롬과 아키토펠』과 「콩그리브에게」를 중심을

김옥수 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2003 중세근세영문학 Vol.13 No.2

포프의 벌링턴에게 부치는 서한시와 자연풍경식 정원

김옥수 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2015 중세근세영문학 Vol.25 No.2

This essay is designed to view Pope as a gardener who played a key role in the development of the landscape garden in England. In 18th-century England, the prevailing taste is the formal gardens that derived from France. Le Nôtre is the most famous garden designer standing for the formal gardens. In gardens of this style, everything is layed out according to a strict geometric pattern, divided into symmetrical units composed of parterres, terraces, rectangular pools and fountains, and intersecting avenues of trees. Pope decries this formal garden as too artificial and supports the natural style of garden, saying that we should follow the “amiable Simplicity of unadorned Nature” in gardening. Pope’s idea of this natural gardening is believed to influence the development of landscape gardening and Kent, a famous gardener who insists that nature hates the line. The term landscape gardening implies an association with landscape painting. Pope also says that gardening is like landscape painting. Pope wants to make gardens in terms of a landscape painter’s method. For example, he tries to make gardens like the landscape paintings of Claude Lorrain. His views on gardening are well developed in The Epistle to Burlington. He sees Vitruvius and Palladio as his masters. Vitruvius thinks that garden is an imitation of nature, and firmness, utility and beauty are the three factors in gardening. Pope also tries to live up to these teachings from his master. In this poem, he argues that nature is the most important guiding principle in gardening. Next he argues that the gardener must consult the genius of the place, that is to say, consider the character of the place. And then Pope thinks that gardening is like painting, so the gardener should make his garden as a landscape painter paints a picture by catching special moods. Finally Pope says that it is important to call in the country in the garden. This vision is fulfilled by the introduction of ha-ha or the sunken fence, which was borrowed from the art of fortification and enabled the gardener to open vistas previously shut off fences. What Pope presents as opposed to landscape garden is Timon’s garden. Timon’s garden is an example of formal garden. Timon’s parterre is “a Down”, his lake “an Ocean”. Timon’s garden indicates how nature has been forgotten. Pope is opposed to Timon’s formal garden. He thinks that the best garden is the landscape garden that tries to imitate nature. In conclusion, Pope plays a key role in the development of the landscape garden.