여백의 역설적 발언 -김종삼 시의 근저

김영미 ( Kim Young-mee ) 국제어문학회 ( 구 국제어문학연구회 ) 2013 국제어문 Vol.57 No.-

전쟁의 상흔과 기억 속에 김종삼의 시는 놓여 있다. 하지만 그는 이를 정확히 그리고 제대로 말할 수 없었다. 전쟁과의 밀착된 거리에서 벗어날 수 없었기 때문이다. 김종삼의 시쓰기는 전쟁의 광포한 폭력 앞에서 말더듬과 실어, 혹은 다른 말로 드러내기이다. 이런 이유로 그를 절제와 고전주의자, 혹은 유미주의자로 일컫는 학계 또는 문단의 지배적 논의에 대한 의문에서 본고는 시작한다. 김종삼의 시는 말하고 싶지만 말할 수 없는 것으로 가득 차 있다. 그 내적 동인은 전쟁으로 비롯된 세계에 대한 공포다. 그는 과작의 시인이었다. 작품의 길이도 대체로 짧으며, 작품의 양도 많지 않다. 침묵의 세계를 거느리고 있다. 이 침묵은 그의 시에서 여백으로 구체화되어 되어 드러난다. 김종삼 시는 최소한의 언어만 남겨둔 채 여백으로 차 있다. 밀집된 언어로 의미를 구축해 나가는 시가 아니다. 그리고 그 여백은 적막하다. 노장(老莊)이나 선(禪)의 고답적인 것과는 다르다. 그가 현실을 드러내는 데에는 공포와 무력의 정신적 실어증이 작용했던 것으로 보인다. 그러므로 김종삼은 말하지 않음(또는 못함)의 말함, 곧 `불언(不言)의 언(言)`의 세계에 갇혀 있었던 시인이다. 그러나 그의 시가 주는 감동은 불행한 시대와 대면해야 했던 그의 고통이 그의 배면으로부터 언어를 뚫고 스며나오고 있다. 말하지 못한 바들이 그의 시 이면에서 되살아나는 것이다. 대상 또는 세계에 대한 그의 거부는 공포를 낳았고, 그것의 조심스러운 세상과의 말걸기가 그의 시라는 점에서 그 아픔을 공유할 수 있다는 사실은 역사의 한 위안이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 측면에서 김종삼 시와 역사의 상관성 문제는 보다 면밀한 검토를 요한다. 하지만 그의 닫힌 언어는 그런 점에서 하나의 한계다. 그로 말미암아 왜소한 형식과 난해의 관문이 소통을 막고 있기 때문이다. Kim, Jong-sam`s poems are placed within the scars and memories of war. Kim, however, could not directly express this because he could not escape the war laden streets. Kim, in the context of outrages of war, expresses poetry as if to stutter or to experience language loss, or express his feelings with incongruent words. For such reasons, the academic and literary circles` predominant consensus is that Kim is a moderate, a classicist, or an aestheticist. I would like to begin my paper by raising skepticism towards such overwhelming consensus. Kim`s poems overflow with the desire to express what is unexpressable. Such inner chaos is rooted in the fear of the world which is generated by war. He was an un-prolific poet in that he did not produce many works and of the few most were short. He wandered in the land of silence. In his poetry, the silence is expressed as empty space. The poet was overly frugal with words. Words were replaced with empty spaces. They filled the places where words did not. The emptiness manifests as a desolate space. His is unlike that of Lao-tzu and Zhuangzi or Dhyana. He is not concerned with the transcendent. It seems that a psychological mutism towards fear and violence played a major part in Kim`s manifesting reality in his work. The poet was imprisoned in a world of not-speaking(or rather unable to speak), in other words in a world of speaking in silence. Nevertheless, the afflictions of an unfortunate era pours out from the depths of his soul in the language of poetry. The things he could not express directly comes alive from the hidden side of his work. The rejection of objects or the world created fear. His poems are apprehensive attempts at starting a conversation with the world he rejected. In this regard, readers are able to share the historic scars with the poet, providing solace for the broken past. On the other hand, however, his confined language is a barrier to his work. The short length and convoluted content of his poetry causes obstruction to communication.

창래 리의 『원어민』과 숙이 킴의 『통역사』에 나타난 한국계 미국인의 정체성 문제

김영미 ( Young Mee Kim ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2006 현대영미소설 Vol.13 No.3

안서의 시학과 일본 체험

김영미(Kim Young-mee) 한국시학회 2010 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.29

Anseo (Kim-uk) showed adventures and collapses in beginning modem Korean poems. The adventures was deeply related to experiences in Japan. To him, Japan was the space that he was able to meet three languages. This experience was cubic and dynamic. He experienced meeting with Korean, Japanese, and other languages(English, French, Esperanto etc.) in Japan. Japan was the space that many languages were mixed, and therefore diverse chemical reactions were able to happen with other languages. To Anseo, Japan was the space that eastern languages and western languages were crash with, and come into being. Anseo's poetic wandering was begin with the ross of established linguistic system. This was strengthened the external space, Japan. From experiences in Japan, Anseo was able to produce his poetics. But he was shown to accept poetic experiences in japan, and at the same time to get out of them. This was the very difficult process. This process means groping for poetic possibility of Korean. The pursuit of beauty in poetic language, female voice for it, and the attainment of music by rhythm were strengthened in Japan. Anseo's poetics got accomplished at the point of contact that was the reception and refusal though the external space. Thus he was able to leave many poems and poetic theories. They are meaningful up today. To Anseo, Japan was the space of despair and suffering for finding poetic language. In there eastern and western poems met with each other, a poet experienced the agony or delight together.

유기인계 및 카바메이트계 농약의 고감수성 아세틸콜린에스테라이즈의 대량생산

김영미,김소미,조문제,Kim, Young-Mee,K., Cho,Cho, Moon-Jae 한국응용생명화학회 2003 한국농화학회지 Vol.46 No.4

본 실험에서는 acetylcholinesterase(AChE, EC 3.1.1.7)를 이용한 간이 잔류농약 검사법에 필요한, 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 살충제에 대한 감수성이 증가된 AChE(MAChE)를 baculovirus를 이용하여 대량으로 생산하는 시스템을 구축하고 생산된 효소의 특성을 관찰하였다. 한라산에서 채취한 초파리에서 AChE의 cDNA를 합성한 후 PCR을 이용하여 AChE의 lipid anchor부분을 제거하고 site directed mutagenesis에 의해 E107Y, F368L, L408E의 염기서열을 변화시켜 재조합된 MAChE cDNA를 합성하였고 baculovirus vector에 삽입하여 대량생산을 시도하였다. 대량 증식에 필요한 조건으로 감염횟수가 네 번일 때, 그리고 세포수가 $2{\times}10^6$ cell/ml일 때 세포의 증식과 효소의 활성이 극대화됨을 알 수 있었다. His tag을 붙여 Ni-NTA affinity column을 이용하여 MAChE를 정제하였으며, 정제된 효소는 실험조건하에서는 pH(3-10)와 온도$(20-50^{\circ}C)$의 변화에 영향을 받지 않았다. 농약 추출액으로 methanol을 사용했을 때가 ethanol을 사용할 때 보다 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 대표적인 유기인계와 카바메이트계 농약에 대한 저해율을 조사한 결과 재조합된 MAChE는 대만의 집파리 및 변형되지 않은 AChE에 비하여 전반적으로 농약에 대한 감수성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. For the simple rapid bioassay of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues, a mass-production system of acetycholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7, MAChE) using baculovirus and insect cell culture was constructed. The cDNA for AChE was synthesized from Drosophila melanogaster in Halla Mountain, the lipid anchor tail was removed by PCR and was used for the site-directed mutagenesis of three amino acid residues (E107Y, F368L, L408F). The mutated cDNA was inserted into the baculovirus vector and expressed in insect cells. Maximum cell growth and enzyme activity were reached when the cells $(2{\times}10^6\;cell/ml)$ were infected four times at four-day-intervals. His-tag containing MAChE was purified using Ni-NTA column and used for characterization. The activity was maintained under various pHs (3-10) and temperatures $(20-50^{\circ}C)$ under experimental conditions. As an extraction solution for pesticides, methanol is more effective than ethanol. Against major organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, the MAChE showed better sensitivity than AChE and AChE from housefly (Taiwan).

스포츠 경기의 특성에 따른 스포츠 감정 유형 분석 : 소셜 빅데이터를 중심으로

김영미,양재식,Kim, Young-Mee,Yang, Jae-Sik 한국디지털정책학회 2021 디지털융복합연구 Vol.19 No.7

본 연구는 스포츠 경기의 특성에 따른 스포츠 감정 유형을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 2018년 아시안게임 중, 대한민국 대표팀이 출전한 축구 7경기, 야구 6경기를 선정한 후, 이에 대한 소셜 네트워크 서비스 상 기사와 그 댓글을 조사대상으로 선정하였다. Python을 이용하여 수집된 댓글은 전문가 회의를 통해 해당 감정을 분석하였다. 스포츠 경기의 승패, 상대 팀의 수준 및 대한민국 대표팀의 경기력에 따른 스포츠 감정을 분석한 결과, 첫째, 승패와 상대 팀 수준은 특정한 유형의 스포츠 감정을 형성한다고 보기 어려웠다. 둘째, 스포츠 경기의 경기력은 좋다는 평가를 받을 경우 만족, 열광, 기쁨 등의 긍정적 감정을, 나쁘다는 평가를 받을 경우 실망, 분노, 창피의 부정적 감정을 형성하였다. 셋째, 스포츠 경기와 연관된 사회·문화적 배경이나 해당 경기의 특정한 사건 또한 스포츠 감정의 유형에 영향을 미쳤다. 추후, 본 연구에서 다루지 못한 다양한 스포츠 경기의 특성을 추가하여 보다 많은 스포츠 경기를 대상으로 분석하는 연구가 필요할 것이다. This study tried to analyze the types of sport emotion by sport game characteristics. For that, 7 soccer games and 6 baseball games of Korean team in 2018 Asian Games were selected, and the articles and their replies about those on social network services were collected as study materials. Python was used for the collecting and expert group meeting was held for the emotion analysis. As the results of the analysis on sport emotion types by win or lose, the level of opponents and the performance of Korean team as game characteristics, the following conclusions were drawn. First, it was hard to say that win or lose and opponent's level make certain sport emotion type. Second, The performance could made contended, enthusiastic and joyful emotions when judged good, but frustrated, angry, humiliated emotions when bad. Third, social·cultural background or certain event of the games also could effect on the sport emotion types. Follow-up studies with the other game characteristics and more game cases were needed to find out more clear causal relationship.

무의미시의 독자반응론적 연구 - 김춘수, 「처용단장 제일부」를 중심으로

김영미 ( Kim Young-mee ) 국제어문학회 2004 국제어문 Vol.32 No.-

According to W. Iser, the text by author is turned into a piece of work only by the reader`s involvement. Text itself has the structure of inducing the readers and helps the readers get the big picture. In the case of Cheoyoung Danjang Part Ⅰ, the structure of poem renders the readers get frustrated. By this frustration, the structure of the poem is parallel to the dual description in the poetic narration. The images in the poem by the dual description exist spatially losing its the meaning of united time. By the parallel, these images remain equally important without any relation to the contiguous meaning. Readers make a constant effort of grasping the meaning through repetitive reading. If the speaker of this poem is recognized Cheoyoung, readers take the content of this poem as that of a tale Cheoyoung, not as the one of reality. Thus, all the images in the poem cohere as the images of a clear deprivation of Cheoyoung. These images also show the flowing mythical world with flexibility and can be experienced through reading. The liberation of consciousness can be unique beauty what Kim, Chun-sue`s poem has to offer. After all, ironically, the poem devoid of sense and meaning by Kim, Chun-sue can be powerful to the readers. The pleasure of creating the meaning, and the possibility of creation is a great joy of reading his poem.

『손도끼』를 통한 아동, 청소년 생태문학교육

김영미(Kim, Young-mee) 문학과환경학회 2015 문학과 환경 Vol.14 No.3

This study aims to explore the potential development of ecological literacy for young adult readers through Hatchet by Gary Paulsen. Within the framework of cognitive psychology, vicarious experience of reading literary texts helps readers update and reconstruct their own experience, which leads to their personal growth. This educational use of literature is the basis of literary ecology, roughly defined as the study of ecological themes in literature. According to the praxis of literary ecology, the empathic experience of literary texts is much more effective on stirring up readers" ecological awareness and developing ecological literacy than the intentional guidance of knowledge-based environmental education. Hatchet, a survival story of 13-year-old boy, Brian Robson, has been gaining great popularity among teenagers, largely due to their empathic engagement with the fiction. Brian has very similar life experience with most of teen readers. He is a typical city boy who has learned and experienced nature indirectly through books, movies, or TV, which consequently made him conceive the abstract and romantic illusion on nature. Brian"s sufferings and hardships in the woods wouldn"t be very different from those of teen readers if they were in his shoes. That explains well their investment and immersion into the fictional world. The empathic reading experience of Hatchet will promote ecological literacy of teen readers because Hatchet shows various aspects of the relationship between human and nature. In particular, Brian"s physical and psychological maturity, the main theme of the text, is closely related to his attainment of ecological vision. The diverse connections with living things in the woods for 54 days enabled him to reflect himself in the ecocentric perspective, much bigger picture than anthropocentrism, and then only could he stand on his own feet as a real man, not a boy. Young adult readers will be able to share Brian"s ecological awareness while being engaged in the story world in Hatchet. To sum up, Hatchet gives ecological message to teen readers at the level of their expectations, which makes Hatchet an appropriate text for teaching ecological literacy to young adults.

죽은 자에게 말 걸기 소월시의 죽음 의식

김영미 ( Kim Young-mee ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2008 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.41 No.-

Kim, So-wol(김소월)'s poetry have many deaths. Example 'lover (nim, 님)' appears frequently in his poetry. Also He is a dead person. Poetic languages that are 'go(가다), leave(떠나다), tomb(무덤), the night can't sleeping(잠 못 드는 밤), (absent) you(부재하는 당신)' are relate with death. The speaker in the poems talks to a dead listener. He faces to the situation of death. By his talking, the dead listener comes in the poem. The death in So-wol's poetry communicate life and death. Talking to the dead person make life and death are homogeneous. By death eternal oneness with the object is possible, and unchangeability of love can be. But talking to the dead person includes despair and sorrow. In the actual grief the speaker want to go to the 'nim' by his death. Beyond the death 'nim' exit, and actual griefs are disappear. This world means utopia. It can be achieved only through the death. An ardent wish to the death comes out images of separated mountain and a bird. A bird fly to the death world. In Kim, So-wol's poetry the death is not nothing or ending but creating or formating. It is a kind of maternal death. In there the death restore the life. And the death is not exit in conclusion. 'Sanyuwha(산유화)' is the poem reveals this circulation of life and death, absent of death. So-wol's thinking is similar to the Korean traditional awareness of death. That can be an answer why many korean like So-wol and his poems. In spite of dealing with trivial things, So-wol's poems have poetic tension and depth. The death makes it can be.

일개 대학병원의 소아혈액종양 간호단위의 간호업무량 측정

김영미(Young Mee Kim) 한국간호행정학회 1999 간호행정학회지 Vol.5 No.3

여성 댄스스포츠 동호인의 운동환경 요인과 여가 몰입 및 즐거움 기대의 관계

김영미(Young Mee Kim),한혜원(Hae Won Han) 한국여성체육학회 2009 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.23 No.3