CT Urography검사 시, Bladder의 조영제 충만을 위한 환자의 자세변화에 관한 연구

김아람(A ram kim),오동준(Dong jun Oh),윤승민(Seung min Yun),이숙희(Sook hee Lee),김형기(Hyung ki Kim) 대한CT영상기술학회 2013 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.15 No.1

목적 : Urography CT 8min 지연상에서 환자의 position change에 따라 bladder filling 영상이 어떻게 변하는 지에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 2011년 1월부터 2013년 1월까지 본원 비뇨기과를 내원한 환자 중 조영 Urography CT 검사를 처방 받은 환자를 대상으로 하였고, 그 중 6개월 또는 1년 추적검사를 시행한 환자30명을 선정하였다. Bladder에 질환이 있는 환자는 연구 대상에서 제외 시켰으며, GFR과 creatine수치가 정상범위에 근접한 환자를 연구대상으로 하였다. 30명의 환자 중 남자 21명, 여자 9명이였으며, 환자의 연령분포는 34세부터 66세였고, 평균연령은 47 ± 11세 이었다. MDCT 64 Slice CT Scanner (Brilliance64, Philips medical system, Netherlands)장치를 사용하였으며, 조영제 자동주입기는 MEDRAD사의 Stellant auto injector를 사용하였다. 환자의 자세변화에 따른 조영제의 Bladder filling대한 정량적 분석에 사용된 소프트웨어는 Rapidia(Version 2.8, infinity Healthcare)를 사용하였고, 측정 DATA의 통계학적 검정은 SPSS 20.0(SPSS Inc, Chicago,IL, USA)을 사용하였다. 결과 : 정량적으로 측정한 Bladder 내 CT number 표준편차의 평균은 A group(n=30)인 Prone후 바로 Supine position 을 한 그룹보다 B group인 Prone후 한 바퀴 반 회전 뒤 양 측 와위자세에서 좌ㆍ우 10회 흔든 후 supine position 그룹에서 낮았으며 p<0.05로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 5점 척도를 이용한 3명의 평가자간 점수비교에서 B group인 Prone후 한 바퀴 반 회전 뒤 양 측 와위자세에서 좌ㆍ우 10회 흔든 후 supine position 그룹에서 높게 나타났으며 p<0.05로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3명의 평가자간 신뢰도는 ICC>0.8(p<0.05)로 신뢰도가 높게 나타났다. 결론 : CT urography 검사 시 8min delay 영상에서 환자를 prone후 바로 supine position을 취한 뒤 검사하는 것보다 prone후 환자를 한 바퀴 반 회전시킨 뒤 양 측 와위 position에서 환자골반을 잡고 좌ㆍ우 10회씩 흔든 후 supine position을 취한 뒤 검사를 하는 것이 Bladder 내 소변과 조영제가 적절히 희석되어 보다 균질한 영상을 획득할 수 있었고 이에 따라 Bladder의 병변을 잘 묘출하게 되로써 진단에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : We try to find the change of bladder filling on Urography CT 8min delay image by changing patient position. Materials and methods : We choose 30 patients who are normal GFR, creatine and performed Urography CT and 1year or 6 month follow up study from 2011.1 to 2013.1 Average age of the patients is 47.6 (21 males, 9 females). All the patients fasts for 6hours and we started study when they hold a urine at least 3hours. Machines for this study and analysis is MDCT (Brilliance 64, Philips medical system, Netherlands), Stellant auto injector (MEDRAD) and Rapidia program (INFINITT). The protocol of Urography is the same as our hospital (120Kvp, mAs/slice = 400, Resolution = Standard, Collimation = 64 X 0.625, Pitch = 0.64, Rotation time = 0.75). We injected total 150cc contrast media with 3.0cc/sec flow rate and compared and analised using Rapidia program after getiing a 3mm slice thickness image. Result : B Group (Supine position after rotating patient 540 degree and shaking patient with decubitus position) has lower value than A Group (Supinr position after prone) on average of CT Number standard deviation in bladder with quantitiative measure. And it shows statistically significant differences. (p <0.05) 3 evaluators compared two groups with 5 point score. Also B group gets a higher score and shows statistically significant differences. (p <0.05) Reliability between 3 evaluators is high ICC>0.08 (p<0.05) Conclusion : Making a supine position after prone and rotating patient about 540 degree and shaking 10 times with holding patient’s pelvis can make it possible to get more homogeneous image by showing almost equal concentration of contrast on bladder than directly making a supine position on 8min delay image of Urography CT. And it will be helpful for diagnosis showing the lesion inside bladder well

한국전쟁기 제주도의 공간적 인식과 이주·개발 정책

김아람(Kim, A Ram) 동악어문학회 2018 동악어문학 Vol.75 No.-

본고에서는 한국전쟁 시기에 제주도가 피난지로 활용되면서 제주도로 피난/이주하게 된 정책과 그 실상을 밝히고자 하였다. 또한 제주도가 개발지로 기획되었던 사실과 전후 피난민이 정착하게 되는 배경을 살펴보았다. 제주도는 전쟁기에 최후의 피난 지구로 명명되며 대규모의 피난이 기획되었고, 정부가 구호에 직접 관여하는 곳이기도 했다. 한미합동으로 추진한 난민정착사업에서도 제주도의 경우 실무자들이 직접 조사하여 사업 가능성을 탐색하였다. 전쟁기 제주도에는 북한 출신의 피난민, 육지 타 지역 피난민뿐만 아니라 공군작전으로 이송된 고아와 징집되어 군인이 된 사람들도 있었다. ‘고아대피작전’은 미국 민간으로부터의 고아 원조가 확대되는 계기였으나 그 주체와 성과가 과장된 면이 있다. 모슬포의 제1훈련소는 열악한 환경과 국민방위군 고위직의 부정이 얽혀 피폐한 상황이었다. 제주도는 개발 지역으로도 주목되어 대규모의 사업이 기획되었으나 현실화되지 못하였다. 전쟁이 끝난 후 많은 사람들이 육지로 되돌아갔다. 제주도에 남은 이주민들은 난민정착사업의 대상이 되었으나 정착 과정은 장기로 이어졌다. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the policy and the fact that Jeju Island evacuated / migrated to Jeju Island during the Korean War as a refuge. I also looked at the fact that Jeju Island was planned as a development area and the background of the settlement of refugees in Jeju. Jeju was named as the last evacuation zone in the war, and the biggest evacuation was planned, and the government was directly involved in the relief. In the case of the refugee Resettlement Project promoted jointly by the ROK and the US, Jeju was searched by the practitioners directly for the possibility of business. Although the destruction of the 4․3 incident and the war have been harmful, the farmers in Jeju were hoping to resume farming. During the war, there were not only refugees from North Korea, refugees from other parts of the world, but also the orphans who were transferred to the air force operations. ‘Operation of Kiddy Car Airlift’ was an opportunity to promote orphan aid in the United States, but its subject and achievement are exaggerated. Moslpos" No. 1 training camp was a situation where the poor environment and the denials of high-ranking officials of the National Defense Force were tangled together. Jeju Island attracted attention as a development area, and a large-scale project was planned, but it was not realized. After the war, the immigrants left in Jeju Island became the subject of the refugee resettlement project, but it can be seen that it was not implemented in the case of the Bubhochon.

1950년대 혼혈인에 대한 인식과 해외 입양

김아람 ( Kim A Ram ) 역사문제연구소 2009 역사문제연구 Vol.13 No.2

In the 1950s, in South Korea the paternal lineage was evidently crucial in the conceptualization of both the nation and the national population. We can see that from the country`s and the society`s perception of the hybrid(mixed blood) population. The number of offsprings from a foreigner male-Korean female couple increased during the U.S. Military government period and the Korean war. And after the war, as many of the females found themselves in a forced position to make a living, some of them started to resort to prostitution. As a result, `base-towns` were formed around U.S. army bases stationed in Korea, after the war. Prostitutes gathered around in such base-towns, and after the stationing of U.S. troops the American males and Korean females started having prolonged relationships, which led to a rapid increase in births of the hybrids. The perception of the country, the society and the base-town residents viewing the situation, presented itself as a perception hiding or excluding hybrids with different paternal bloodlines from the community. The Korean Law of nationality was based upon the principle of generally recognizing the paternal bloodline of an individual, so it was difficult for the hybrids to be recognized and acknowledged by others as a legitimate countrymen. The social atmosphere considered the task of maintaining a father-based family order and of maintaining females` chastity to be highly important, so giving birth to a hybrid was considered as a wrongdoing and fault of the female. And even with no bases, the mother of a hybrid was immediately believed to be a prostitute. The residents of the base-towns were economically linked with U.S. military camps, but there were also clashes between the villagers and the troops, and the residents also not that much welcomed the fact that entertainment businesses were thriving in their living areas and a lot of outsiders were flowing into their realm. The government`s legal dismissal, society`s criticism of the prostitutes, and the viewpoint of the base-town residents, all continued to haunt the hybrids. The Rhee Syngman regime wanted to isolate the hybrids from the society, yet failed to do so. Instead the government strongly recommended that such hybrids be sent oversea. In the post-war period, so many `countrymen` needed help from the government, so the government could not afford to care for the `non-countrymen hybrids`-especially the orphans-as well. The adoption process for the hybrid children was actively undertaken by the Christian civilian agencies, and most of them were adopted into American families. Yet the foreign families and the hybrids from Korea never met with each other directly, and the agency intermediated the whole process is called proxy-adoption`. A large number of children were adopted over the sea through the proxy-adoption, yet insufficient data or preparation led to many failures as well. And the Korean government did not engage in either law-making efforts or institutional efforts regarding the issue of foreign adoption. The government only wished more hybrid children to be shipped off the Korean peninsula, through intermediary agencies.

국내 이산화탄소 지중격리저장 실증실험 후보부지의 역학적 안정성 평가 기초해석

김아람(A-Ram Kim),김형목(Hyung-Mok Kim),김현우(Hyun-Woo Kim),신영재(Young-Jae Shinn) 한국암반공학회 2017 터널과지하공간 Vol.27 No.2

이산화탄소 지중저장 사업의 성공적인 수행을 위해서는 저장시스템의 안정성을 확보할 수 있는 대상지층을 선정하고 현장 지질조건에 최적화된 주입 조건을 설계해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내 실증실험 대상 예상후보지의 하나인 장기분지의 지질구조를 바탕으로 2차원 간략해석모델을 구축하고 TOUGH-FLAC 연계해 기법을 사용하여 초기응력조건과 주입량이 이산화탄소 격리저장시스템에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 기초해석 결과, 수직응력이 수평응력보다 우세한 정단층 응력조건에서 전단미끄러짐 가능성이 가장 높은 결과를 보였으며, 단위시간당 주입량을 달리하는 주입량 시나리오 해석에서는 주입량을 단계적으로 증가시켜 주입하는 경우가 공극압의 증가폭이 가장 크고 활동마찰계수를 이용한 전단미끄러짐 가능성 평가 결과에서도 가장 불리한 것으로 평가되었다. For a successful performance of Carbon Capture Sequestration (CCS) projects, appropriate injection conditions should be designed to be optimized for site specific geological conditions. In this study, we built a simple 2-dimensional analysis model, based on the geology of Jang-gi basin which is one of the potential sites of domestic CCS projects. We evaluated the impact of initial stress conditions and injection rate through coupled TOUGH-FLAC simulator. From the preliminary analysis, we constructed risk scenarios with the higher potential of shear slip and performed scenario analysis. Our analysis showed that normal stress regime produced the highest potential of shear slip and stepwise increasing injection rate scenario resulted in much larger pore pressure build up and consequent higher potential of the shear slip, which was evaluated using a mobilized friction coefficient.

학교에서 거리로, 도시에서 농촌으로:1960~70년대 이념서클의 학생운동-연세대 한국문제연구회를 중심으로-

김아람 ( Kim¸ A Ram ) 연세사학연구회 2021 學林 Vol.48 No.-

연세대 한국문제연구회는 1960년대에 한일협정 반대, 삼선개헌 반대 투쟁을 하는데 주도적인 역할을 한 이념서클이었다. 한연회는 출발 당시부터 총학생회에 참여하였고, 이후에도 운동의 중심이 되어 총학생회를 선도하거나 비판하기도 했다. 타 대학과의 연대 활동에서도 주축이 되었다. 1971년 위수령으로 한연회가 강제해산되었지만 출신 멤버는 민청학련 사건으로 구속되었고, 후신 조직인 민족문화연구회는 1975년 시위를 이끌었다. 연세대의 사례로 보면, 1970년대에 이념서클 출신 멤버와 후신 조직이 활발하게 반유신 투쟁에 참여하여 1960년대와의 연속성을 보여준다. 이 흐름은 대학생이 정권의 억압에 지속적으로 저항하고 헌신했던 과정이기도 했다. 또한 이념서클은 대학생의 일상 문화를 공유하는 장이자 농촌활동으로 학생운동을 주도하는 주체였다. 한연회는 농활을 학생운동으로 인식하고 농촌의 현실을 분석하여 가능한 역할을 모색하고 있었다. 도시 대학생들의 단기간의 경험이 농촌문제를 파악하고 연대한다는 것에 분명한 한계가 있었을 것이다. 농촌이 도시 시위에 지친 학생들의 ‘피신처’였을지도 모른다는 비판도 있다. 하지만 이념서클의 ‘학생운동’은 당대 대학생의 입장에서 다각도에서 그 의미를 찾을 수 있고, 농활은 도시-농촌 문제를 환기하고 자기 비판을 할 수 있는 계기를 마련하는 것이었다. Yonsei University’s Korean Studies Association was an ideological group that played a leading role in the struggle against the Korea-Japan Agreement and the three-way amendment in the 1960s. The KSA participated in the student council from beginning, and later became the center of the movement, leading or opposing the student council. It also played a major role in solidarity activities with other universities. In 1971, the KSA was forcibly disbanded by the Garrison decree. Its members were arrested in the Mincheonghakryeon, and the National Culture Research Association, a successor organization, led the protests in 1975. In the case of Yonsei University, members from ideological groups and posterior organizations actively participated in the anti-Yushin Regime struggles of the 1970s, showing continuity with the 1960s. This trend was part of a process in which college students continued to resist and devote themselves to fighting the oppression of the regime. In addition, the ideological group was a place to share the daily culture of college students and led the student movements through rural activities. The KSA recognized agricultural activity as an element of the student movements and sought a possible role by analyzing the reality of rural areas. There must have been a clear limitation, in that urban college students’ short-term experience identified and solidified rural problems. There is also criticism that rural areas may have been a “place of refuge” for students tired of urban protests. However, the “student movement” of the ideological groups sought to find its meaning from the perspective of college students at the time from various angles and agricultural activity was to evoke urban-rural problems and to provide an opportunity to practice self-reflection.

R-134a 가스 하이드레이트 형성 속도에 미치는 식용 계면활성제 첨가의 영향

정희철(Hui Cheol Jeong),김아람(A Ram Kim),임준혁(Jun-Heok Lim),원용선(Yong Sun Won) 한국청정기술학회 2016 청정기술 Vol.22 No.3

가스 하이드레이트 형성을 이용하여 담수를 생산하고자 하는 어떠한 공정이라도 가스 하이드레이트 형성속도는 경제적인 관점에서 매우 중요한 공정변수일 수밖에 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 촉진제를 사용하여 R-134a(또는 HFC-134a) 가스 하이드레이트의 형성속도를 향상시키고자 하였는데 최종목표가 음용수 생산이므로 촉진제로 세가지 다른 형태의 식용 계면활성제를 선정하여 사용하였다. 음이온성인 카라기난(κ-carrageenan), 양쪽성인 레시틴(lecithin), 그리고 비이온성인 폴리소르베이트 80(polysorbate 80)이 그것이다. 식용 계면활성제의 농도를 변화시키면서 R-134a 가스 하이드레이트 형성속도가 어떻게 변하는지 관찰하였다. 어떠한 경우이든 식용 계면활성제의 첨가가 R-134a 가스 하이드레이트 형성속도를 향상시키는 것으로 관찰되었으며 그 효과는 폴리소르베이트 80 > 카라기난 > 레시틴의 순서를 보였다. 이론적인 설명을 위해 범밀도함수(DFT) 이론을 기반으로 한 분자모델링을 이용하여 각 식용 계면활성제를 구성하고 있는 원자들의 전하를 계산하였고 실험으로 관찰된 촉진제 효과가 계면활성제 내의 수소결합을 할 수 있는 산소들의 수와 그 산소들의 원자전하 값들이 음수인 정도에 비례하는 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. For any conceivable desalination process using the gas hydrate formation, the kinetics has to be one of the most important parameters from the economic point of view. We thus were to improve the kinetics of the R-134a (also known as HFC-134a) gas hydrate formation by using promoters and three different kinds of edible surfactants were selected for the desalination process targeted to produce potable water; κ-carrageenan, lecithin, and polysorbate 80 among anionic, amphoteric, and nonionic surfactants, respectively. Then, the kinetics change of the R-134a hydrate formation was monitored by varying the surfactant concentration. Experimental results demonstrated that the rate of R-134a hydrate formation increases with the addition of edible surfactants in general and the effect as a promotor has an order of polysorbate 80 > κ-carrageenan > lecithin. As a supportive measure, the atomic charges of each surfactant were calculated by using a DFT (density functional theory)-based molecular modeling and the results showed a positive relationship between the promotor effect of each surfactant and the number of oxygens available for hydrogen bonding and the negativity of their atomic charge values.

필라테스 지도자의 전문성과 매력성이 참여자의 감정반응 및 몰입도에 미치는 영향

김아람(Kim, A-Ram),김용은(Kim, Yong-Eun),민솔비(Min, Sol-Bi),선혁규(Sun, Hyuk-Kyu),김준(Kim, Jun) 한국사회체육학회 2019 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.78

Purpose: This study is purposed to professionalism and attractiveness of Pilates instructors on participant’s emotional reaction and flow degree Method: To do this, 234 effective sample data were selected using purposeful sampling of subjects who live in Gwangju. Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α, correlation analysis, and simple regression analysis in SPSS 23.0 FOR Windows statistical package were used. Results: The results of this study are as follows. 1) Professionalism, instruction skill and practical knowledge ability positively influenced the positive response. Practical knowledge ability and personality, which are sub-factors of professionalism, negatively influenced the negative reaction. 2) Leadership skills, which is a sub-factor of professionalism, positively influenced cognitive flow degree. Map technology, personality, and member management, which are sub factors of professionalism, positively influenced behavioral flow degree. 3) Attractiveness, likability, familiarity, and similarity positively influenced the positive reaction, which are sub-factors of emotional reaction. Whereas familiarity and likability of attractiveness, negatively affected the negative reaction. 4) Attractiveness, likability, familiarity, and similarity had a positive effect on cognitive flow & behavioral flow, which are sub factors of flow degree. Conclusion: In summary, the findings in this study confirm that professionalism and attractiveness of Pilates instructors affect the emotional reaction and flow degree of participants.

노인을 위한 효과적인 시각 정보 디자인: 노인과 손목에 착용하는 보행 보조 장치의 상호 교류에 대한 연구

김아람 ( A-ram Kim ),김혜미 ( Hye-mi Kim ),정광민 ( Kwang-min Jeong ),김진우 ( Jin-woo Kim ) 한국감성과학회 2017 감성과학 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 길 찾는 능력과 거리를 인식하는 능력이 떨어지고 많은 주의력에 어려움을 느끼는 노인을 위해 간헐적인주의 집중만으로 보행 안내를 받을 수 있는 손목에 착용하는 보행 보조 장치를 개발하기 위해 기존의 촉각 기술을 활용한 보행 보조 기술에서 시각 정보를 활용할 수 있도록 촉각 정보에 병행하는 시각 정보인 화면 UI에 초점을 맞추었다. 기술 수요자인 65세 이상 노인 30명에게 스마트워치를 착용시키고 Wizard of Oz로 네 가지 화면 UI로 길을 찾아가도록 지시한 후 각 화면 UI에 대한 평가 및 사후 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 선호도 순위, 경로를 이탈한 사람의 수, 경로 이탈 횟수에 대해 정량적 분석을 실시하고, 사후 인터뷰를 통해 수집된 사용 경험에 근거해 새로운 이해를 얻고자 질적 연구 방법론인 grounded theory로 정성적 분석을 진행하였으며, 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 모순적인 요구사항을 가진 노인의 손목시계형 보행 보조 장치 개발 및 후속 연구를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다. For the elderly whose path-finding capability and distance perception abilities have been weakened, the study intends to provide UI design of a wrist type walking aid device which allows the elderly to receive both visual and haptic information that induces the elderly` occasional attention by utilizing currently available haptic technology. The study asked 30 the elderly older than 65 years old, target consumers of the technology, to wear a smart watch and find a path by following the directions provided by four different UI versions of Wizard of Oz. Then, the study has conducted post-experience interview. Quantitative analyses was performed their preference level, number of misguided participants and the number of deviations incurred. Based on the data collected, the study has applied grounded theory, a qualitative research methodology, in order to grasp new understanding about the research, and has consequently reached some significant implications for further research on wrist type walking aid device for the elderly, who show self-contradictory demands.

38선 넘고 바다 건너 한라산까지, 월남민의 제주도 정착 과정과 삶

김아람 ( Kim A Ram ) 역사문제연구소 2016 역사문제연구 Vol.20 No.1

The present dissertation aimed at clarifying the destruction of life brought about by war, the recovery of life, the reality of reconstruction in the region during the 1950s, and its meanings, through a process in which residents north of the 38th parallel became residents of Jeju island. Thus, the study attempted to focus on the following issues. The first is the succession and change of life before and after defection to the South. Here, conditions like the presence of a Christian faith, socioeconomic status in North Korea including family members, and the motivation for defection had a complex effect. The second is the war experience of refugees. From the perspective of the government and the US military during the war, refugees were the most important civil affair, but their policy aim was to reduce interruptions in terms of military operations, and the main contents involved surveillance and control. The actual experiences of refugees are displayed, not by a number, but by how the war destroyed lives and what efforts and will power were required by the persons involved to subsequently restore their lives. The third is the relationship between the settlement by the North Korean refugees and the church. The evacuation of the North Korean refugees was the decisive cause that expanded the Christian church in Jeju island, and the church played a certain role in settling the North Korean refugees in Jeju island. `Boebhochon` is the place where a Resettlement Project and the founding of a church was accomplished together by an elder. The fourth is an aspect of Resettlement Project in the 1950s. Because the North Korean refugees were unable to return to their original residence after the war, the government and the US conducted new policy in regards to them. The `Resettlement Project` was begun to settle North Korean refugees and was conducted in Jeju island as a recovery project for the victims of the Jeju Uprising. The Resettlement Project as expanded to refugees in South Korea and regular urban residents by the mid 1960s. With the case of Beobhochon, the study will be able to analyze the planning, management, and results of the Resettlement Project, which was a major relief policy by the Syngman Rhee government.

교실중심 언어중재에 대한 언어치료사의 인식 조사

김아람(A Ram Kim),박미혜(Mee Hye Park) 한국언어치료학회 2016 한국언어치료학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.12

Purpose: A purpose of this study is to know a perceptions of SLP about classroom-based language intervention(CBLI). On the basis of the purpose, we tried to contribute possibilities of CBLI and basic data for performing CBLI to fit in with local circumstance. Methods: We made a questionnaire based on literatures, carried out survey targeting 153 SLP and found out the general understanding of CBLI and the perception of a roles of SLP and intervention models. Results: First, it is low level that the SLP"s general understanding of CBLI, and there are meaningful differences on the categories as qualification class, place of work and work experience. Second is that SLP recognized required roles on a stage preceding intervention"s significantly, indicating meaningful differences as work place and work experience. The Third is that there are meaningful differences as the awareness of suitable model on CBLI. Conclusions: Prior professional education in training courses is important to recognize the role of SLP on CBLI. With regard to the model of CBLI, alternative teaching similar to domestic individual language treatment currently is accepted to be the most suitable model owing to lack of understanding about classroom situation. With thoroughly reviewing about intervention model based on those awareness, to arrange a systematic guidebook that best suit our circumstance is conclusion of this study.