한국근대소설과 부산의 시·공간성

김승환(Seung Hwan Kim) 한국현대소설학회 2012 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.49

The Times in Mildawon, a modern Korean short story, written by Donglee Kim in 1955, is a multi-text which has two story layers. First is the external text of Busan and second is the internal text of Munchong(文總). The narrator describes Busan as an alienated object with a long distance. Because of this reason, his descriptive stance is not a subject viewpoint ``now-and-here``, but is an object viewpoint ``then-and-there``. As said by Chatman, there are orders and layers in the story: Author - Implied Author - Narrator - Narratee - Implied reader - Reader. During the story description, the author, Kim, places himself outside of the text and gets an objective viewpoint. There are four relationships between writers: Author - Implied Author, Implied Author - Narrator, Narrator - Narrative Contents(story) - Inside Narrative Content - Narrative Content. The background, Busan, has been continuously marginalized as the story goes on. Kim gives an ordering: first, indirect narration - objectification of Busan; second, indirect narration - unfamilialization of Busan; third, indirect narration - symbolization of Busan; and fourth, indirect narration - alienation of Busan. This is a binary opposition inside Kim`s consciousness that is an invisible consciousness: Seoul centralization and Busan maginalization. It is originated from the theory of art for art`s sake. The Times in Mildawon has a strong anti-communism ideology which is backed by the ideology of pure literature.

<감자>에 나타난 정신사건과 물리사건의 인과관계

김승환 ( Kim Seung Hwan ) 현대문학이론학회 2019 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.79

이 논문은 <감자>의 핵심사건인 복녀살인사건을 정신사건과 물리사건으로 분석한 글이다. <감자>에는 복녀의 죽음이 명료하게 묘사되어 있지 않으며 그 때문에 정신사건인 원인(복녀의 원한)과 물리사건인 결과(복녀의 죽음) 사이의 인과관계가 맞지 않는다. 이 논문에서는 복녀살인사건의 인과관계 상치현상을 김재권(Jaegwon KIM)과 데이비슨(D. Davidson)의 사건이론(theory of event)으로 분석했다. 복녀살인사건은 ‘어떤 시간에[t] 복녀가 왕서방에 대하여[x] 원한을 품었다[P]’는 정신사건이자 복녀 자신이 죽는 물리사건이다. 현실의 물리사건과 달리 마음의 정신사건은 믿음, 의도, 욕망, 희망, 지각, 인식, 기억, 생각, 느낌, 감정, 결심, 각성 등이 구성한 사건이다. 소설의 정신사건은 소설텍스트에서 묘사된 허구적 사건이며 현실의 물리사건과 같은 조건[x, P, t]으로 구성된다. 따라서 소설의 정신사건을 단순한 상상으로 규정하기보다 이야기 전개의 필연적 요소로 보고, 플롯의 개연성을 보완하는 소설적 장치로 볼 필요가 있다. 그것은 물리사건만으로 복녀살인사건을 분석했을 때 생기는 여러 가지 불확실성과 불확정성을 없앨 수 있다는 뜻이다. 한편 미완의 텍스트는 창의적 독서의 주체인 독자가 완성한다. 이 과정에서 독자의 상상력이 작동하는데 이 역시 정신사건이다. 가령 ‘복녀는 왕서방에게 낫을 빼앗겼다.’로 묘사된 소설의 물리사건은 독자에게 ‘‘복녀는 왕서방에게 낫을 빼앗겼다.’고 믿는다.’로 바뀌면서 정신사건이 된다. 또한 ‘복녀는 왕서방의 낫에 찔려 죽었다.’와 같은 텍스트의 물리사건은 독자에게 ‘‘복녀는 왕서방의 낫에 찔려 죽었다.’고 믿는다.’로 바뀌면서 정신사건이 된다. 이 두 문장의 속성예화(exemplification)에서 보듯이 독자가 ‘믿는’ 독서행위 역시 일종의 정신사건이다. 이처럼 타르스키에 근거하여 대상언어(object language)와 메타언어(metalanguage)의 층위를 나눔으로써 김동인 특유의 생략과 비약이 낳은 텍스트를 완결된 이야기로 읽을 수 있다. 이처럼 소설텍스트에서도 정신사건이 존재하고 독자의 창의적 독서과정에서도 정신사건이 작용하며 작가의 창작과정에서도 정신사건이 작동한다. 물리사건과 정신사건의 이론적용은 <감자> 이외의 다른 작품에도 적용될 수 있다. This essay is to analyze kernel event of Gamza by mental event and physical event. Kernel event of Gamza is the death of Bokyne who was born with noble disposition but changed to bulger disposition according to the environment under the colony of Japanese Imperialism. In Gamza, death of Boknye has not described clearly. Climax of Gamza deviates on kernel event as in “Mr. Wang. Let you problem!” Boknye decides not to make a problem. It is anomalous causation. Actually, kernel event finished with a result of Boknye’s death. On the other hand, Boknye’s hatred[cause] - Boknye’s death[effect] is not matched. Moreover, mental event as a cause and physical event as an effect are not match well. Nobody doubt story line due to its natural story stream and organized possibility of cause and effect. We can classify as twofold; ‘①Bokyne desires to kill Mr. Wang.’, ‘②Bokyne killed Mr. Wang.’ In these structure, ①Bokyne desires to kill Mr. Wang.’ is mental event which could be or could not be happened in real world, ‘② Bokyne killed Mr. Wang.’ is physical event which could be happened in real world. The difference may be decided by synthetic predicate as;‘desires to kill’ and ‘killed.’ This synthetic difference results in the semantic difference. In event theory, mental event occurs in the human mind. Feature of mental event is not exist in real world and don’t have spatiotemporal location. Mental event in the possible world is event as well as in the actual world. Main theories of this essay based on the event theory by Jaegwon KIM and Donald Davidson. Death of Boknye consists of object[x], property[P] and time[t] as set [x, P, t]. It is twofold events; mental event and physical event. Unlike physical event, mental events are belief, purpose, perception, remember, decision, hope, recognition, thinking, feeling, awakening etc. Mental event must be read with relation to plot, causation and probability. If reader read with physical event, reader can’t get rid of uncertainty of story line. Mental event might be a good way to analyse Korean Modern short story. Mental event in Gamza is a fiction consisting of object(x), property(P), time(t) as well as in actual event. In this reason, mental event in short story is not only imagination, but necessary apparatus for plot, probability and story line. Within this theory, reader should read mental event with plot and story line. If reader read story with only physical event of Boknye’s death, reader can’t read chain of causation. There is uncertainty and unpredictability of who must be accused the killing. Reader, the subject of reading, may accomplish the text’s empty part written by writer. In the reading, reader’s imagination will work properly. As Tarski said, we can exemplify one event as object language and metalanguage. Metalanguage is language about original sentence as an event as follow; ‘Boknye was robbed of sickle by Wang’ could be rephrased as ‘Reader believes that ‘Boknye was robbed of sickle by Wang’’ It is property exemplification said by Jaegwon KIM. If we differentiate object language and metalanguage by Tarski Skema, we can read story completely. Imagination is mental event. As we see, mental event in short story is very important reading by reader, and mental event work in creative writing by writer.

소아환자에서 대복재정맥을 통한 하대정맥도관법의 유용성

김승환,김성민,오정탁,한석주,최승훈,Kim, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Seong-Min,Oh, Jung-Tak,Han, Seok-Joo,Choi, Seung-Hoon 대한소아외과학회 2006 소아외과 Vol.12 No.2

Central venous catheter (CVC) for long-term venous access is indispensable for various reasons including hyperalimentation, frequent blood sampling, frequent IV drug use in pediatric patients. We report clinical experience of surgical neonates in whom CVC was inserted primarily via great saphenous vein into suprarenal inferior vena cava. From March 2004 to March 2006, we performed CVC insertion via saphenous vein - contralateral side to main wound - into suprarenal inferior vena cava in surgeries of neonates. 2.7Fr or 4.2Fr, single lumen, tunneled Broviac catheters (Bard Access system, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah) were used. Skin exit site of tunneled catheter was located in ipsilateral flank area just below edge lower rib. At the end of the procedure, location of the catheter tip was confirmed by plain radiography of abdomen. We retrospectively reviewed the admission records of the patients including nursing staff charts. Nine (50.0 %) patients were male and nine (50.0%) were female. Median gestational age was 38 weeks (range, 29-42 weeks) and median birth weight was 3,105 gm (range, 1,040-3,720 gm). Median age at catheter insertion was 38.5 days (range, 1-236 days). The purpose of CVC insertion was short-and long-term hyperalimentation in nine (50.0 %) patients. CVC insertion was performed in operation room under general anesthesia in sixteen (88.9 %) patients (in these cases, CVC insertion was performed just prior to concurrent operation) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) under local anesthesia with adequate sedation in two (11.2%). During the admission period (total catheter-indwelling time: 553 days), CVC functioned well without any significant side effects. Transient swelling of the ipsilateral leg (n=1, 5.6 %) and transient migration of catheter tip (n=1, 5.6 %) were noted, which did not affect function of the indwelled CVC. Mean catheter-indwelling time was 30.7days (range, 3-72 days). All catheters were removed electively except two mortality case. Complications, such as thrombosis, infection, kinking or extravasation of drugs, were not observed in our study period. Tunneled trans-great saphenous vein inferior vena cava catheters are not only comparable to cervical CVCs in terms of function and complication rates, but also very beneficial in selected patients, especially those in whom cervical approach is technically impossible or contraindicated.

전자적 장세척을 위한 부드러운 장표면 복원 방법 개발

김승환,김동성,Kim, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Dong-Sung 대한의용생체공학회 2011 의공학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Virtual colonoscopy is favored over conventional colonoscopy because its non-invasive procedure can avoid complications that may happen in a conventional approach and because it can cleanse colon electronically instead of uncomfortable conventional colon cleansing. Electronic Colon Cleansing(ECC) has to deal with not only removing tagged fecal material but also recovering Partial Volume Effect(PVE) due to tagging material. This paper proposes an ECC method restoring inherent natural PVE while previous approaches focused only on reducing PVE due to tagged fecal material. The proposed method reduces PVE using 3-dimensional adaptive density correction and then replaces tagged fecal material into air. Next, it generates natural PVE for the replaced air adjacent to soft tissue and finally makes smooth transition of gray values for soft tissue adjacent to the replaced air. The proposed method applied to eleven patient data, and showed promising results.

단계별 적서선택

김승환,Kim, Seung-Hwan 한국도서관협회 1979 圖協月報 Vol.20 No.5

Design Methodology : 유비쿼터스 헬스케어를 위한 생체신호 모니터링 기술

김승환,Kim, Seung-Hwan IT-SOC협회 2008 IT SOC magazine Vol.25 No.-

벤처트렌드 읽기

김승환,Kim, Seung-Hwan 벤처기업협회 2006 벤처다이제스트 Vol.96 No.-

주목해야 할 패키징 디자인 ① - 포스트 코로나를 대비하는 제품 패키징 디자인 트렌드

김승환,Kim, Seung-Hwan (사)한국포장협회 2020 包裝界 Vol.327 No.-

전 세계인의 삶을 송두리째 바꾸어 놓은 코로나19로 인해 산업 전반에도 큰 변화가 예상된다. 특히 가처분 소득 감소와 소비 심리 수축으로 꼭 필요한 것에만 지갑을 여는 구매자들이 늘어날 것으로 전망된다. 과거보다 더욱 깐깐해진 구매자의 시선을 잡기 위해 가장 중요한 것 중 하나가 패키징 디자인이다. 사람에 대한 첫 인상이 3초 안에 결정되는 것처럼 좋은 패키징 디자인으로 구매자의 시선을 한번에 사로 잡을 수 있기 때문이다. 포스트 코로나시대를 맞아 국내 최대 디자이너 커뮤니티이자 산업 디자인 콘테스트 플랫폼인 '라우드소싱'과 함께 패키징 제조 업체들이 주목해야 할 패키지 디자인에 대한 시리즈를 총4회에 걸쳐 진행한다.

무선 ATM망에서 QoS 향상을 위한 동적 자원 할당 방식

김승환,이선숙,이재홍,장동혁,Kim, Seung-Hwan,Lee, Sun-Sook,Lee, Jae-Hong,Jang, Dong-Heyok 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리논문지 Vol.7 No.9

무선 ATM 환경에서 다양한 멀티미디어 트래픽을 지원하기 위해서는 매체 접RMS 제어(MAC) 프로토콜이 필요하다. MAC 프로토콜은 다양한 트래픽 클래스에 대한 QoS를 보장하면서 제한된 무선 대역폭을 효율적으로 활용할 수 있도록 설계되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 서로 다른 종류의 트래픽이 혼재된 무선 ATM 환경에서 각 서비스 클래스의 QoS를 만족할 수 있는 동적 자원 할당 방식 기반의 MAC 프로토콜을 제안하였다. CBR이나 VBR에 비해 낮은 우선 순위를 가지는 ABR 트래픽에 대해서는 최소 대역폭을 확보함으로써 지연을 크게 개선하였으며, 실시간 VBR 트래픽의 경우에는 대역폭이 초기에 경쟁을 통해 할당되고 이후로는 경쟁 없이 대역폭을 할달함으로써 처리율을 증가시켰다. In the wireless ATM networks, a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is required to support an integrated mix of multimedia traffic services. The MAC protocol should be designed in a way that the limited wireless bandwidth can be efficiently utilized maximizing the Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for various traffic service classes. In this paper, a Dynamic Resource Allocation-based MAC protocol, which satisfies QoS of each traffic service class in the wireless ATM environment, is proposed. The proposed MAC protocol adopts the dynamic channel allocation schemes for a mix of different traffic service classes. The suggested MAC protocol is designed to provide the QoS guarantees for Constant Bit Rate (CBR) or real-time Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic through fixed or dynamic reservation. For Available Bit Rate (ABH) traffic, which has the lowest priority among the traffic classes, large improvement in delay by reserving the minimum bandwidth is shown. And for real-time VBR traffic, increase in throughput of transmission is demonstrated because of bandwidth, which is allocated through contention at the initial phase and without contention thereafter.

커뮤니티 가든 조성을 위한 실험 연구 - 사하 장애인복지관 옥상을 대상으로 -

김승환,윤성융,차민준,유연서,조지영,김윤선,Kim, Seung-Hwan,Yoon, Sung-Yung,Cha, Min-Jun,Yoo, yeon-seo,Cho, Ji-Young,Kim, Yoon-Sun 한국조경학회 2012 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.40 No.2

본 연구에서는 커뮤니티 가든의 다양한 국내외 사례 및 선진 연구동향에 대해서 알아보고, 커뮤니티 가든의 개념에 대해서 참가자그룹이 주체적으로 운영해 나가면서 안전한 먹거리를 생산할 수 있는 커뮤니티의 장의 확보,지역을 활성화해 나가는 새로운 형태의 도시녹지 확보방안, 도시재생운동의 의미로서 정의해 보았다. 나아가 열악한 복지관 환경을 개선하기 위한 목적으로 실험적으로 시도하여 조성한 장애인복지관 옥상의 커뮤니티 가든 사례지를 대상으로 하여 이의 계획 및 공사과정, 파트너십 참여, 사업비용 분담 등의 과정을 고찰하였다. 본 실험적 조성사업의 예산확보를 비롯한 전 과정은 부산그린트러스트와 100만평문화공원조성범시민협의회가 주관 하였다. 공동모금회를 통한 스탠다드챠타드 SC제일은행의 50%의 기금분담과 자원봉사의 참여, 그리고 부산시와 사하구의 행정적 지원, 그 외에 다양한 파트너십에 의한 참여의 시도 및 역할 분담은 커뮤니티 가든 실험적 조성의 핵심이 되었다. 조성된 커뮤니티 가든의 공간은 장애인복지관 이용자들의 먹거리생산, 도시농업체험 프로그램에의 참여,원예치료, 커뮤니티의 장과 문화공간의 제공이란 점에서 성과가 있었다. 나아가 옥상형 커뮤니티 가든은 이동식과 고정식 플랜터를 조합 응용한 저비용형 옥상커뮤니티 가든의 개발이란 점에서 그 의미를 찾을 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 검토한 복지관의 옥상을 활용한 실험적인 커뮤니티 가든 조성사례는 도시환경의 개선, 커뮤니티 장의 확보, 도시재생 및 도시녹지의 확보 측면에서도 유익한 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 앞으로 커뮤니티 가든의 활성화에 기여할 수 있는 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다. In this study, Community Garden of various national and international practices trends to an advanced research, the concept of community garden participated with a group operation out of initiative to produce safety food while securing space for the community, ensuring the area that has gone through a new form of active secure urban green space plan, urban renewal movement was defined as the mean. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving the poor welfare environment by attempting to experimentally make a community garden of a disabled welfare house rooftop and how to target its planning and construction process, partnership involvement, business processes have been investigated, such as cost sharing. The whole process including a budget for development of this case was conducted by the Busan Green Trust. Standard Chartered (SC) First Bank's 50% fund share by community chest, participation of volunteers, support of Busan City and Saba-gu, outside of that, sharing parts or trial to participate by diverse partnership of enterprise, public corporation and laboratory, these are the key in developing community garden's model. Established community garden places resulted food production to users of welfare center for the disabled, participating urban agricultural experience program, horticultural therapy, complex community chapter and cultural center. Furthermore, we could find the meaning of rooftop community garden in the point that it is a low cost garden by applying movable and unmovable planters. This study is profitable for improving urban environment, ensuring community chapter and urban green areas, regenerating a city to develop experimental community garden model by using a welfare house rooftop.