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현대시에 나타난 ‘다문화(多文化)’의 양상들 -김수영, 김정환, 유 하의 시를 중심으로-
김수이 한국어문교육연구회 2009 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.37 No.4
This paper aims to find out the effects of multi-culture(its acceptance attitude) on test formation of Korean literature by multi-cultural phenomena/symptoms represented in the middle and late 20th century. This becomes literary and, at the same time, cultural work which re- constitutes the previous history of Korean multi-culture through literary works. There are poets such as Kim Su-young, Kim Jeong-hwan, Yu ha who show self-conscious and characteristic recognition of ‘multi-culture' in their poems in the middle and late 20th centuries. First of all, Kim Su-young intends to offset the limping of Korean modern politics·history by cultural appropriation through positive rediscovery and restoration of Korean traditional culture and subordinate culture. While Kim Su-young attempts ‘cultural appropriation of politics·history, Kim Jeong-hwan attempts ‘political·historical appropriation of culture'. At this time, the subject of Kim Su-young's appropriation is Korean history and culture, he reaches affirmation toward Korean culture by way of historial experiences of multi-culture. Meanwhile, the subject of Kim Jeong-hwan's appro- priation is politics, economy and culture of other country that urge America, Korea, Japan, etc. to new colonization. Kim Jeong-hwan strictly awakens to and criticizes violence and un-ethicality of other culture/ multi-culture in violent reality under the rule of military dictatorship. Yu ha clearly realizes the reality in which other culture(/multi-culture) in 1990s became the subject of popularity and consumption under ‘cultural economic appropriation' phenomena. The cultural way of reading of reflecting on ‘economic phenomena of culture' conducted across the society in the name of popularity is highly political. Thus, Yu ha's political independence of culture is concentrated on bringing a charge against the deception and fiction of capitalistic system and the political system parasitic on it. The recognition of other culture(/multi-culture) showed by Kim Su-young, Kim Jeong-hwan and Yu Ha respectively reflects the current political, social and cultural paradigm and develops coping with the paradigm. The Korean society and literature in the middle 20th century formed peculiar scenery through various processes to cope with other culture(/multure-culture), and has established the site for happy co- existence with other culture(/multure-culture). 이 논문은 20세기 중·후반의 시에 나타난 ‘多文化’의 樣相 및 症狀을 분석함으로써, 한국문학의 텍스트 형성에 ‘多文化’(에 대한 수용 태도)가 끼친 영향을 규명하고자 한 것이다. 이는 문학작품을 통해 한국의 多文化의 前史를 재구성하는, 文學的인 동시에 文化的인 작업이 된다. 20세기 중·후반의 시에서 ‘多文化’에 대한 自覺的이며 특징적인 認識을 보여주는 시인들은 김수영, 김정환, 유 하이다. 김수영이 ‘政治·歷史의 文化的 專有’를 시도한 데 비해, 김정환은 ‘文化의 政治·歷史的 專有’를 도모한다. 김수영은 多文化의 歷史的 經驗을 經由해 韓國文化에 대한 肯定에 이르는 반면, 김정환은 軍部獨裁 治下의 暴壓적인 현실 상황에서 다른 문화/多文化의 暴力性과 非倫理性을 批判하는 데 집중한다. 유 하는 1990년대에 다른 문화/多文化의 ‘經濟的 專有에 대한 批判的 省察’을 통해 다양한 국적의 문화가 유행과 소비의 대상으로 화한 現實을 告發한다.
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시대의 전위에서 '아름다운 폐인'에 이르는 길 : 황지우의 시세계 Hwang, Chi-Woo's poetry
김수이 경희대학교 인문학연구소 1999 인문학연구 Vol.3 No.-
Hwang, Chi-Woo is the representative avant-garde poet of Korean poetry of the 80's & 90's. He defied the existing literal tradition and by finding a new "poetic thing", he opened a unique poetic world. While perceiving the world he uses two important senses, "to see" and "to touch". During the violent situation of the 80's, Hwang, Chi-Woo saw through the hidden phenomenon using the "oblique view" method, to see the reality. The Hwang, Chi-Woo of the 90's experienced serious inner conflict due to the collapse of socialism and loss of aspiration. During extreme despair, the thing that gave him utmost salvation was the basic instinct, "to touch". Through the feeling of fresh mud he recovered the senses of life and strength to live. Today Hwang, Chi-Woo has returned to the sense "to see". But now his method is not "oblique view" but "obscure view". Thus, in the 90's the revolutionist Hwang, Chi-Woo of the 80's, became a "introspective person". The Hwang, Chi-Woo of today is seeking a new direction in life as well as poetry. Since our age is one of transitions leading to opening of various dimensions, Hwang, Chi-Woo is also seeking a new direction in life as well as poetry.
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김수이 한국환경경제학회 2022 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.31 No.4
This paper analyzed the factors for increasing energy consumption in the domestic manufacturing sector using the LMDI (Log mean division index) decomposition method for the period from 1999 to 2019. Among the LMDI decomposition analysis methods, both additive and multiplicative factor decomposition methods were used. in this analysis. According to the result of the analysis, the factor that increased energy consumption in the domestic manufacturing industry was the production effect, and the structure effect and intensity effect were found to be the factors that decreased energy consumption. In particular, the reduction of energy consumption due to the structure effect was greater than that of energy consumption effect due to the intensity effect. By period, it can be seen that energy consumption increased rapidly due to the production effect until 2011, but after that, the increase in energy consumption due to the production effect slowed down. On the other hand, after that, the energy reduction effect due to the structure effect and the intensity effect became prominent. In order to save energy in the manufacturing sector in the future, energy diagnosis and management through EMS (Energy management system) and FEMS (Factory energy management system) are more necessary. In addition, restructuring into a low-energy consumption industry seems more necessary. 이 논문은 국내 제조업부문의 에너지소비 증가 요인을 LMDI(Log mean divisia index) 분해 분석방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 1999년부터 2019년까지 20년간의 에너지소비 변화를 분석하였다. LMDI 분해 분석방법 중 에너지소비 증가량을 분석한 가법적 요인분해 분석과 에너지소비 증가율을 분석한 승법적 요인분해 분석 모두를 사용하였다. 분석결과, 국내 제조업의 에너지소비를 증가시킨 요인은 생산효과이며, 구조효과와 집약도 효과는 에너지소비를 감소시키는 요인으로 나타났다. 특히 구조효과에 의한 에너지소비 감소가 집약도 효과에 의한 에너지소비 효과보다 더 크게 나타났다. 시기별로 보면, 2011년까지는 에너지소비가 생산효과에 의해 급속히 증가한 반면 그 이후에는 생산효과에 의한 에너지소비 증가가 둔화된 것을 알 수 있다. 이에 반해 그 이후에는 구조효과와 집약도효과에 의한 에너지 감소효과가 두드러지고 있는데 이는 2011년부터 실시된 온실가스ㆍ에너지목표관리제와 2015년 이후 실시된 배출권거래제의 효과가 나타난 결과로 보인다. 향후 제조업부문의 에너지절약을 위해서는 EMS(Energy management system), FEMS(Factory energy management system) 등을 통한 에너지진단과 관리가 더욱 필요해 보인다. 아울러 에너지저소비형 산업으로의 구조조정도 더 필요해 보인다.
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