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간찰을 통해 본 扶安金氏家의 교유관계 : 陶菴 李?가 醉醒堂 金守宗에게 보낸 親筆 簡札을 중심으로
김상환(Kim Sang-hwan) 한국학중앙연구원 2004 장서각 Vol.- No.12
Ganchal (簡札, handwritten letters) was one of the most widely used forms of written communication by which the men of old could exchange information among themselves. The form and substance of ganchal differed according to the relationship between the sender and the recipient. Studies on ganchal are stagnant because ganchal is not only hard to understand but illegible in most cases due to the difficulty in understanding the writing style in cursive (草書) or semi-cursive (行書) script. This paper analyzes the contents and the characteristics on ganchal which was sent by Lee Jae (李縡, 1680~1746, pen name of Doam 陶菴) to Kim Soo-Jong (金守宗, 1671~1736, pen name of Chwiseongdang 醉醒堂) and has been handed down within the Buan Kim family since then. this study shows the aspects of their companionship. Lee Jae is from Woobong Lee clan (牛峯李氏) and Kim Soo-Jong is from Buan Kim clan (扶安金氏). They were closely related to each other because the two families were connected through marriage in that the mother of Kim Soo-Jong was a daughter of Lee Man-Hee (李晩熙) from the Woobong Lee clan. Of the 50 ganchal sent to Kim Soo-Jong by Lee Jae, 19 included in the book entitled Gancheop (間帖, Collection of Ganchal) and 31 in Doam sudok (陶菴手牘, Handwritten Letters by Doam) have been handed down to date. These 50 ganchal were not included in the Doamjip (陶菴集, Collection of Doam's Works) at all, and Kim Soo-Jong's works were not published in the form of a book in his life time, much less posthumously. However, the ganchal with which literary men like Lee Jae and the family of Kim Soo-Jong corresponded are very valuable materials to Buan Kim clan, resulting in the publication of collected works. Gandok (簡牘, Printed Version of Ganchal from Doam and Other Scholars) is one book divided into three chapters with 116 ganchal sent by 44 people. The third chapter includes 28 ganchal sent by Lee Jae sent to Kim Soo-Jong. Lee Jae, a scholar in the late Joseon dynasty period (朝鮮), was an outstanding scholar in calligraphy. The characteristics of the 50 ganchal which he sent to Kim Soo-Jong are as below: First, ganchal written by his own hand with which he corresponded with Kim Soo-Jong for 41 years from 1701 to 1742. Second, Lee Jae lived in Seoul, Injae (麟蹄) in Gangwon Province, and then Hwajeon (花田) in Goyang, etc, and Kim Soo-Jong lived in Wooban-dong in Buan. Third, ganchal was not sent or received from Doam when Kim Soo-Jong was involved in the Musin Rebellion (戊申亂) of 1728 and suffered hardships. This seems to be due to his attempt to avoid any suspicion of being linked to the rebellion. Fourth, the content of the ganchal varied, ranging from asking after the welfare of the recipient as well as the daily activities in purchasing and management of the farm. Due to the fact that the Woobong Lee clan and the Buan Kim clan were related by marriage, not only Lee Jae but four generations from his grandfather, Lee Suk (李?, 1626~1688), and his father's older brother, Lee Man-Sung (李晩成, 1659~1722), to his son, Lee Jae-Won (李濟遠), and a niece of collateral family corresponded with each other. The contents of ganchal are various as follows ① asking after the welfare; ② sending of condolences; ③ sending of gifts or expressing gratitude for gift and warm friendship; ④ introducing his friend who was being exiled and asking for adequate arrangements for him; ⑤ sending of congratulations and admonitions; ⑥ entrusting of household affairs; ⑦ writer's recent state of affairs. The contents of ganchal, however, did not contain scholarly attainments, moral cultivation, opinions on the current state of politics. Through ganchal, the scholars of old kept in touch with each other by exchanging news of neighboring families, relatives, friends, and the government. If we analyze ganchal in conjunction with other documentary records, ganchal can become a valuable foundation for understanding matters that cannot be clearly understood through other material
김상환(Kim, Sang-Hwan) 부산경남사학회 2014 역사와 경계 Vol.91 No.-
본 논문은 3.1운동 이후 통영청년단을 비롯한 청년운동의 발전과정을 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 나타난 ‘김기정 징토운동’이 통영지역에서 항일운동으로까지 전화되어가는 과정을 검토해보았다. 1919년 7월 창립된 통영청년단은 지역사회운동과 항일운동의 중심이었다. 통영청년단의 멤버들은 다수의 다른 청년단체에 복수의 멤버십으로 가담하기도 했으며, 시대의 조류와 중앙의 청년단체들의 변화에 부응하면서 발전해 갔다. 즉 1925년에는 통영지역에도 ‘정의단’, ‘거화동맹’, ‘안우회’, ‘사과실탄티’ 같은 사상단체도 만들어 지고, 청년조직들도 청년동맹으로 변화되어 가기도 했던 것이다. 김기정 사건에서도 이들은 함께 ‘민정회’를 출범시켜 한시적인 임무수행을 위해 ‘특별위원회’의 위상을 부여하였다. 각 청년조직들이 이렇게 별도의 조직을 만들어가면서 개별단체들이 한계를 극복해 나갔다. 김기정 징토운동은 경상남도 도 평의회에서의 김기정의 발언이 단초가 되었고, 통영 사상단체의 효시인 ‘정의단’에서 활동한 김원석의 징토문 살포로 촉발되었다. 게다가 경찰 출신자들의 모임이자 친일 단체인 ‘삼구회’라는 친일조직에 대한 통영민들의 반감으로 항일의식은 더욱 고취되었다. 김원석의 전격구속에 이은 3월 25일의 보고대회가 진행되어 김기정에 대한 징토운동운동이 확산되어가는 시점에 김기정이 관선 도 평의원으로 재임 된다든지, 5월 9일 앞의 보고대회 집행위원 11인을 추가 구속함으로써 사건은 증폭되었다. 3월 15일부터 시작된 이 운동은 동년 5월 15일까지 두 차례에 걸쳐 도합 33인이 구속되고 김기정이 공직에서 사퇴함으로 마무리 되었다. 이 운동을 주도한 것은 ‘통영청년단’을 비롯한 지역의 청년조직이었다. 이 운동이 두 달 동안 지속되어 목적을 달성할 수 있었던 것은 전적으로 통영지역민의 일치단결된 항일의식과 민족반역자에 대한 분노였다. 통영지역의 김기정 징토운동은 지역을 넘어 전국으로, 해외로까지 알려져 일제의 식민지 지배정책 가운데 내선일체에 대한 허구를 공격하고, 부일협력자에 대한 경종을 울려주었다. This thesis examines Tongyeong Youth Union as well as the youth’s movement after the 3·1 Independence Movement. Also, the thesis has identified the process in which the ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ has evolved into an anti-Japanese movement. The Tongyeong Youth Union which was established in July 1919, was the center of the regional society movement and the anti-Japanese movement. The members of Tongyeong Youth Union participated simultaneously in other numerous youth associations and continued developing after adapting to and fulfilling the changes which the central youth organizations underwent with the tides of the times. In other words, an organization advocating a particular system of ideology emerged in Tongyeong 1925, such as ‘Jeongeuidan’, ‘Geohwa-alliance’, ‘Ahnwoohwae’, ‘Sagwasiltanti’ and other organizations. Moreover, youth organizations transformed into youth alliances. Also in the ‘Ki-jeong Kim Incident’, the youths established the ‘Minjeonghwae’ and for carrying out temporary duties, they also appointed the status of special commission. Each and every youth organization established these separate organizations, which supported independent organizations to overcome limits. The ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ was triggered by Won-seok Kim (an individual who had participated in the ‘Jeongeuidan (the first ideology organization in Tongyeong))’s Punish-Movement and also by Ki-jeong Kim’s remark during the Gyeongsangnam-do provincial council. Furthermore, the pro-Japanese organization ‘Samgoohwae’, consisting of personnel with backgrounds as policemen and in pro-Japanese organization, had forced the people of Tongyeong to foster a sense of rebellion towards the Japanese during this organization’s development. Following the imprisonment of Won-seok Kim, a briefing conference had been held on the 25th of March when ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ was expanding. This period marked a point when Ki-jeong Kim was to be repositioned for office by the government as a provincial councillor, and marked the amplification of the incidence when 11 more member of the executive committee (briefing conference) were imprisoned on the 9th of May. This movement, which started on the 15th of March, resulted in 33 total individuals being imprisoned until the 15th of May and ended with Ki-jeong Kim’s resignation from public office. Those who led this movement were nonetheless, the Tongyeong Youth Union and the region’s youth organizations. The reasons as to how this movement continued for two months were down to the unanimity of Tongyeong residents’ anti-Japanese sentiment and the rage felt towards traitors. The ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ of the Tongyeong region spread across the nation to overseas, which attached the fabrication of the ‘Naeseon Ilche (‘Korea and Japan are One’ policy) which was part of Japan’s policy of domination. Lastly, it sounded the alarm for those who acted for the Japanese domination over Korea; traitors.
김상환 ( Sang Whan Kim ) 한국경제통상학회(구 한국경상학회,한국국민경제학회) 2015 경제연구 Vol.33 No.1
본 연구는 화폐시장금리의 은행금리에 대한 전가과정(pass-through)을 패널 오차수정모형을 이용하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. 장기 전가율 분석 결과 시장금리 변화가 대출금리에 장기적으로 100% 반영되는 것으로 나타난 반면 예금금리에는 70% 정도만 전가되는 것으로 나타났다. 통제변수로 거시경제변수를 추가해도 장기 전가율에는 거의 변화가 없었다. 그러나 은행경영지표를 통제변수로 추가할 경우에는 대출금리의 장기 전가율은 80%로 하락한 반면 예금금리의 장기 전가율은 90%로 상승하였다. 은행금리가 균형으로 회복되는 속도와 방향을 측정하는 오차수정 계수는 대출금리와 예금금리 모두 매우 유의적인 음의 값을 나타내어 은행금리의 불균형부분이 다음기의 은행금리에 올바른 방향으로 수정되어 반영되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 단기 전가율의 경우 당기의 시장금리는 은행금리에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않지만 전기의 시장금리는 매우 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 은행금리가 시장금리변화에 대해 시차를 두고 반응함을 시사한다. This paper deals with the relationship between a money market rate and banks’ interest rates in Korea by empirically examining the pass-through that is defined as the degree and the speed of adjustment of interest rates to money market rate. Long-run pass-through has been confirmed to be complete in bank loan rates. On the other hand, about 70% of a change in the money market rate is estimated to be transmitted to deposit rates. Error-correction coefficients, which measure the speed and direction of bank rates’ convergence to the equilibrium, are significantly negative. Negative error-correction term implies that the divergent bank rates are correctly adjusted to equilibrium levels. As for the short-rum pass-through, the effect of the current period’s market rate on bank rates is not significant. But the previous period’s market rate is estimated to be very significant, which implies the existence of time-lag in the pass-through on banks rates.
EPB Shield TBM의 스크루 컨베이어 시스템에 관한 실험적 연구
김상환,김진대,박인준,Kim, Sang-Hwan,Kim, Jin-Dae,Park, Inn-Joon 한국터널지하공간학회 2011 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.13 No.6
본 논문에서는 EPB Shield TBM장비에서 사용되는 체임버 내의 토압을 제어하고 막장의 안전을 유지하는 버력처리시스템인 스크루 컨베이어를 축소 제작하여 실내모형 실험을 실시하였다. 본 실내모형 실험에서 고려한 실험조건은 스크루 각도, 스크루 피치간격 및 스크루 회전수 등이며, 조건별 시험결과인 단위시간당 버력량을 비교 분석 하여 버력처리시스템이 최적의 성능을 발휘 할 수 있는 조건을 제시하였다. 최종적으로, 본 실험결과로부터 버력이 역류하지 않는 최적의 스크루 각도, 스크루 회전수 그리고 스크루 간격 조건을 도출할 수 있었다. The screw conveyor system installed in EPB Shield TBM chamber was manufactured in small scale for pilot test to investigate the tunnel muck hauling system that could control the earth pressure and support face thrust force. In this experimental study, there were three different test conditions that include screw angles, screw pitch, and screw RPM. Through analysis on test results based on the muck hauling amount per unit time from screw conveyor, the optimum conditions of screw conveyor were proposed to be efficiently performed by the muck processing system. Finally, this study provided the meaningful results such as optimum screw angle, screw RPM, and screw pitch for anti-reverse flow of muck hauling.
김상환(Sang-Hwan Kim),박진수(Jin-Soo Park) 한국해양대학교 해사산업연구소 1998 海事産業硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.-
Many Countries have made efforts to assist ships navigate accurately, safely and expeditiously for the safety control against increasing marine traffic in their coastal waters. However, they are exposed, in spite of these efforts, to risks of casualties and marine pollution caused by traffic congestion when ships are navigating through waterway approaches to ports or harbors and in narrow fairways. Therefore, efficient control of VTS in Port is necessary nowadays to provide ships with necessary service, which interacts with shipping and organize the flow of traffic so as to maximize the efficiency of the port or harbor while minimizing the risk of accident and environmental pollution. Even though the navigation condition of ships is very inferior compared to other ports in Korea, such as the big tital range between the ebb and flood tide, the frequent fog, the narrow fairway, the density of navigation traffic in Inchon Port is high and transportation Quantity of dangerous cargoes increases gradually. In consideration of the characteristics of natural circumstance and traffic circumstance the VTS established newly in Inchon port have to operate efficiently. The purpose of this study is to help efficient operation of VTS in Inchon port by accomplishing both the method literature research and questionnaire survey. Questionnaire survey was read to the VTS personnel in Inchon Port and customers familiar to Incon Port such as ship navigators, pilots, shipping companies and so on. Most of ship navigators who occupy half of the respondents are Korean Officers who have responded while they were calling at Inchon port. According to the analysis of the preceding studies and questionnaire survey on the Inchon VTS, the conclusions to improve the efficiency of the VTS include ; First, the service area should be extended over Designated area to provide the vessel with navigational assistance service regarding the information of traffic congestion area, fishing boat area and small ship area. Second, the type of information service to be offered are ship's movement and weather condition in the vicinity of the port and state of fairway in the approach channel to the fairway. Third, VTS personnel should be upgraded by the on-the-job training and continuous simulation training as well as supplement of the qualified personnel for VTS operation. Fourth, the Harbor Master System to be introduced for safe navigation and efficient port operation.