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수직원통형 빙축열조내 외향용융과정시 열전달특성에 관한 연구 -작동유체의 유동방향 및 축열조 형상비에 따른 열성능 비교-
김동환,김동춘,김일경,김영기,임장순,Kim, D.H.,Kim, D.C.,Kim, I.G.,Kim, Y.K.,Yim, C.S. 대한설비공학회 1997 설비공학 논문집 Vol.9 No.2
During the day time in summer, peak of air conditing load, and electric power management system lies under overloaded condition. The reason is the enlarged peak load value of electric power caused by increased air-cooling load in summer. To prevent load concentration during day time and overloaded condition of power management system, some energy storage methods are suggested. One of these methods is ice storage system. Water has some good properties as P.C.M.(Phase Chang Material) : Its melting point is the range of required operation temperature. It has large specific latent heat and is chemically stable compared to other organic or inorganic substances. It is cheap and easy to treat. This study represents experimental results of heat transfer characteristics of P.C.M. under the outward melting process in a vertical cylinder. We experimented with twelve combinations of conditions, i.e., three different inlet temperatures($7^{\circ}C,\;4^{\circ}C\;and\;1^{\circ}C$), two working fluid directions(upward and downward), and two aspect ratios, H/R(4 and 2). At the inlet temperature of $7^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$, there was temperature stagnation region where the temperature of P.C.M. remains constant at $4^{\circ}C$ regardless of aspect ratio and direction of working fluid. This temperature stagnation occurs as the water, at its maximum density, flows down to the lower region. The phase change interface formed bell-shaped curve as the melting process continued. With a new set of conditions(4H/R, inlet temperature $4^{\circ}C$ and $1^{\circ}C$, downward/upwerd inlet direction), the movement of phase change interface was faster when the working flued inlet direction was downward. With the same set of conditions, melting rate and total melting energy were larger when the working fluid inlet direction was downward. The results were reversed when the other sets of conditions were applied.
열적, 화학적 강화에 의해 잔류응력이 형성된 유약층을 가진 도자기의 기계적 물성
김동환,맹지헌,한윤수,김형태,최성철,김형준,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Maeng, Jee-Hun,Han, Yoon Soo,Kim, Hyung-Tae,Choi, Sung-Churl,Kim, Hyeong-Jun 한국세라믹학회 2014 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.51 No.5
In this study, we measured the thermally and chemically induced residual stresses on glaze using the photoelastic method. Porcelain with thermally induced residual stress showed compressive stress of 49 MPa for thermal expansion mismatch and a locally fluctuated stress field over the glaze layer due to compensation of compressive stresses around pores. In the case of chemically strengthened porcelain, the compressive stress on the glaze was 151 MPa which was around 3 times higher than the stress on thermally strengthened glaze. The trend of fracture strength of thermally and chemically strengthened porcelains was coincident with that of the residual stress of porcelains.
김동환,김상수,김광식,현재욱,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Kim, Sang-Soo,Kim, Kwang-Sik,Hyun, Jae-Wook 한국응용곤충학회 2006 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.45 No.2
감귤의 중요 해충인 귤응애의 생물적 방제를 위한 목적으로 귤응애에 대한 팔라시스이리응애의 포식특성을 조사하였다. 25$^{\circ}C$ 항온조건에서 귤응애의 알, 유충, 전약충, 후약충에 대한 팔라시스이리응애 암성충의 1일간 포식량은 각각 20.1, 26.1, 18.2, 7.4개체로 유충에 대한 포식량이 가장 많았다. 온도에 따른 포식량 조사결과, 온도가 높을수록 포식량이 증가하였으며, 이 때 팔라시스이리응애가 귤응애 알을 포식한 후의 출산능력(팔라시스이리응애 출산 알수/포식된 귤응애 알수), 즉 전환율은 10$^{\circ}C$를 제외하고는 0.09로 일정하였다. 잎 절편의 지름을 각각 20, 40, 60 mm로 하여 귤응애 알을 먹이로 공급했을 때 1일간 포식량은 각각 21.1, 17.3, 16.7개로 잎 면적이 증가할수록 포식량은 감소하였다. 또한 팔라시스이리응애는 귤응애 알, 유충, 약충을 먹이로 공급하였을 때 먹이밀도가 증가할수록 포식량은 점차 증가하였으나 그 증가율은 점차 감소하는 Holling의 기능반응 H형의 특성을 보였다. 이상의 시험결과 팔라시스이리응애는 귤응애의 생물적 방제 인자로서 가치가 있는 것으로 판단된다. Predation of Neoseiulus fallacis was observed for biological control of Panonychus citri that is one of the major insect pests on citrus. The daily predation of development stages of P. citri by an adult female of N. fallacis were 20.1 eggs, 26.1 larvae, 18.2 protonymphs, and 7.4 deutonymphs at 25$^{\circ}C$, The daily predation of P. citri eggs by N, fallacis was observed under different temperatures. The predation was increased as the temperature rise. At this time, ratio of eggs production of l! fallacis after predation of P. citri eggs (number of eggs N. fallacis/number of eggs P. citri consumed by N. fallacis) was 0.09. The daily predation of P. citri eggs by N, fallacis was 21.1, 17.3, and 16.7 on the different arenas (diameter: 20, 40, and 60 mm), respectively. The predation was decreased as the arena of the leaf increase. The functional response of M fallacis to P. citri showed Holling's Type II response: the consumption of prey by N. fallacis increased as the density of prey increase but increasing rate was gradually reduced. As the result, it seemed that N. fallacis can be use for biological control of P. citri.
김동환,황차원,김남진,임상혁,구동건,김태희,차재민,류봉기,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Hwang, Cha-Won,Kim, Nam-Jin,Im, Sang-Hyeok,Gwoo, Dong-Gun,Kim, Tae-Hee,Cha, Jae-Min,Ryu, Bong-Ki 한국세라믹학회 2011 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.48 No.1
The investigation is directed to lead free (Pb-free) frits that can be used for organic light emitting diode, plasma display screen devices and other sealing materials. $P_2O_5$-SnO system glasses have been prepared for Pb-free low temperature glass frit. Structure and properties of the glasses with the composition SnO-$xB_2O_3-(60-x)P_2O_5$ (x=0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 mol%) were characterized by infrared spectra (IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Density, Molar volume, Thermo mechanical analysis(TMA) and weight loss after immersion test. Glass transition temperature($T_g$), dilatometric softening temperature($T_d$) and chemical durability increased, and coefficient of thermal expansion($\alpha$) decrease with the substitution of $B_2O_3$ for $P_2O_5$ in the range of 0~25 mol%.
김동환,김상수,김광식,현재욱,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Kim, Sang-Soo,Kim, Kwang-Sik,Hyun, Jae-Wook 한국응용곤충학회 2006 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.45 No.2
감귤 병해충 방제용으로 사용되고 있는 37종의 약제에 대한 팔라시스이리응애의 감수성을 조사한 결과, difenoconazole, imibenconazole, azoxystrobin, dithianon, fluazinam, procymidon, streptomycin, tribasic copper sulfate 등의 살균제 8종과 dichlovos, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam 등의 살충제 3종, 그리고 milbemectin, tetradifon, dicofol, spirodiclofen 등의 살비제 4종은 팔라시스이리응애 알의 부화율에 대한 영향이 적었으며, propineb, difenoconazole, imibenconazole, azoxystrobin, dithianon procymidon 등의 살균제 6종과 bifenazate, tetradifon, spirodiclofen 등의 살비제 3종은 성충에 대한 독성이 낮았다. 농약이 살포된 점박이응애 알을 먹이로 공급하여 성충에 대한 이차독성을 검정한 결과, 살균제 2종(fluazinam, streptomycin)과 살비제 3종(machine oil, cyhexatin, halfenprox)이 독성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. The toxicities of 37 commercial pesticides for citrus pests were evaluated to H, fallacis. Eight fungicides (difenoconazole, imibenconazole, azoxystrobin, dithianon, fluazinam, procymidon, streptomycin, tribasic copper sulfate), three insecticides (dichlovos, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam) and four acaricides (milbemectin, tetradifon, dicofol, spirodiclofen) had lower effect to the hatchability of eggs N. fallacis. Six fungicides (propineb, difenoconazole, imibenconazole, azoxystrobin, dithianon, procymidon) and three acaricides (bifenazate, tetradifon, spirodiclofen) showed lower contact toxicity to adult N. fallacis. The secondary toxicity of 26 pesticides to N. fallacis adult were evaluated. Two fungicides (fluazinam, streptomycin) and 3 acaricides (machine oil, cyhexatin, halfenprox) showed low toxicity when the prey (eggs of spider mite) was treated with pesticides.
Tableau Public을 이용한 인포그래픽 제작 사례연구
김동환,Kim, Dong Hwan 한국공간정보학회 2015 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.23 No.2
최근 디지털 데이터가 폭발적으로 증가함에 따라 빅데이터, 데이터시각화, 정보시각화, 인포그래픽 등에 각종 언론매체 및 기관에서 관심을 기울이고 있다. 국내에서는 조선닷컴, 한겨레 신문 온라인판 등에서 데이터 시각화 및 인포그래픽을 선도적으로 다루고 있으며, 국외에서는 영국의 가디언, 월스트리트저널, 뉴욕타임즈 등에서 데이터 시각화 분야에서 두각을 나타내고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 데이터시각화 분야는 아직까지 디자인적인 측면에 중점을 두고 있다. 그러나 최근 주목받고 있는 데이터시각화 프로그램 중 Tableau Public 프로그램을 이용하면 좀 더 효율적인 인포그래픽을 제작할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Tableau Public을 통해 데이터 분석 및 인포그래픽을 제작하였다. 인포그래픽 제작을 위해 세계은행 데이터가 사용되었으며, 전세계자동차보유율을 분석하여 두 가지 결과가 도출되었다. 첫째, 고소득국가 그룹에서는 1인당 국민총소득이 증가할수록 기울기는 감소추세를 보였고, 중위소득국가에서는 증가추세를 보였다. 둘째, 기준기간에 비해 금융위기 기간에는 1인당 국민총소득 증가율에 따른 전년대비 자동차보유율 증가율이 1.7배 높게 나타났다. 본 논문에서는 Tableau Public을 이용한 데이터 시각화 사례연구를 통해, 기존 디자인 중심의 인포그래픽 제작환경에서, 향후 데이터 중심의 인포그래픽 제작 설계를 활성화시키고자 하였다. 그리고 더 나아가 데이터 중심의 인포그래픽은 과학적 연구, 그리고 정책결정을 위한 도구로써 널리 이용되어야 할 것이다. Recently, according to the increasingly populated data, many media and organizations focus on big data, data visualization, information visualization and infographics. Domestically, Chosun.com and Hankyoreh online have improved on the data visualization field and internationally, the Guardian, Wall Street Journal, and New York Times are the leading companies on that area. Until now, many people have recognized infographics as a design-oriented product in Korea. However, one of significant data visualization programs, Tableau Public, can visualize data more efficiently. In this paper, Data Visualization Methods Quadrant for Policy Making is defined, and data analysis and producing infographics are executed. As used data, World Bank open source was adopted and using the number of passenger cars per 1,000 people, two analysis results are extracted. First, in high income group, the more GNI per capita, the lesser Slope is represented and in mid income group, the more GNI per capita positively affects to Slope. Second, in the global finance crisis, the car ownership rate was about 1.7 times than the usual state in the global economy. Through the case study, this paper suggests that the direction of producing infographics should be changed from design-oriented to data-oriented. Moreover, the data-oriented infographics should be propagated as means of scientific research and policy making.
무기인산염 함유 이상성 인산칼슘이 외방성 수직골 형성에 미치는 영향
김동환,권영혁,박준봉,정종혁,허익,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Kwon, Young-Hyuk,Park, Joon-Bong,Chung, Jong-Hyuk,Herr, Yeek 대한치주과학회 2008 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.38 No.2
Purpose: In this study, the effect of micro-macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate(MBCP) incorporated with inorganic polyphosphate for bone regeneration in the calvaria of rabbit was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The procedure of guided bone regeneration was performed with titanium reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(TR-ePTFE) membrane. Four animal groups were compared : 1) TR-ePTFE membrane for negative control group, 2) TR-ePTFE membrane filled with MBCP for positive control group, 3) TR-ePTFE membrane filled with MBCP soaked in 4% inorganic polyphosphate for experimental group I, and 4) TR-ePTFE membrane filled with MBCP soaked in 8% inorganic polyphosphate for experimental group II. Results: 1. Negative control group showed the highest new bone formation at 16 weeks. 2. Positive control group showed the smallest new bone formation compared to other groups. 3. 8% inorganic polyphosphate induced more volume of bone formation, otherwise experimental group II did not show significant difference compared to negative control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that inorganic polyphosphate has a promoting effect on bone regeneration, possibly by enhancing osteoconductivity of the carrier and by increasing osteoinductivity of the defected alveolar bone tissue.
김동환,한지영,이경섭,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Han, Ji-Young,Lee, Kyung-Sub 대한한방체열의학회 2003 대한한방체열의학회지 Vol.2 No.1
Background and Purpose : Ceramic based infra-red Therapy has been effective on derma system. The purpose of this case was to know the effect of ceramic based infra-red therap therapy on atopic dematitis. Material and Methods Among initial 25 outpatients with atopic detmatitis who visited Kangnam KyungHee Oriental hospital from Mar. 2000 to Sep. 2002, we excluded 4 outpatients that quited treatment after 1st treatment. We treated ceramic based infra-red therapy, herb medication treatment and Acupuncture women patients. Ceramic based infra-red therapy using GI-2000 system was lighted to under for 30 minutes. SoPungSan(消風散) was one of the effective herb medication on atopic dermatitis in oriental. In acupuncture treatment. We activated Kokchi(LI11, 曲池), Choksamni(S36, 足三里) and inhibited Yanggye(LI5, 陽谿), Yanggok(SI5, 陽谷). Results and Conclusions Ceramic based infra-red therapy, herb medication treatment and acupuncture therapy showed usfull effect on atopic dermatitis.