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김대경 한국서지학회 2020 서지학연구 Vol.83 No.-
Hwangmyungtonggi chronicles the history of the Ming Dynasty focusing on “Gyungseron” and was re-published several times. It is a historical text with a wide readership, such that posterity added new content and revised the text in varying degrees. But there existed errors on Joseon’s history in the revised book. In particular, its errors on King Injo’s Restoration was a serious problem, sufficient to blemish the legitimacy of the dynasty. Joseon took this matter seriously and asked China to revise the errors several times, and China eventually revised them during the reign of King Yeongjo. Hence, this paper seeks to study the process of revision and the outcomes of this process using textual bibliography and history of historiography. Through these, this study seeks to clarify that Joseon’s desperate effort for correction was not simply a revision of errors in the historical record, but the manifestation of a neo-confucianist historical awareness. 「황명통기」는 경세론에 중점을 둔 명사(明史)로서 여러 차례 중간(重刊)되었으며, 후학에 의해 다양한 증보가 이루어질 만큼 널리 읽힌 사서(史書)이다. 그러나 「황명통기」의 증보본에는 조선의 역사에 대한 잘못된 서술이 존재하였으며 특히 인조반정에 대한 곡필은 왕조의 정통성에 흠집을 낼 만큼 중대한 문제였다. 조선에서는 이를 민감하게 받아들여 누차 중국에 변무의 뜻을 전하였으며, 마침내 영조 때 이르러 비로소 그를 바로잡을 수 있었다. 이에 본 논문은 「황명통기」의 증보본에 실린 곡필을 변무하는 과정과 그 결과에 대하여 원문서지학적․사학사적 방법으로써 고찰하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 조선에서 필사적으로 곡필에 대하여 변무하고자 한 것은 단순히 사서의 오류 수정이 아닌 성리학적 역사의식의 발로였음을 밝히고자 한다.
점검-정비 모형에서 열화부품의 발견확률을 고려한 시스템의 최적 점검주기
김대경,박병노,송미옥,임재학 한국신뢰성학회 2022 신뢰성응용연구 Vol.22 No.4
Purpose: The determination of the optimal inspection interval of a system is a critical factor that can influence its maintenance. Frequent inspections yield shorter inspection intervals and higher inspection costs compared with infrequent inspections, which lead to an increase in the total maintenance cost due to the frequent occurrence of failures. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal inspection interval, which minimizes the total expected cost until the system is overhauled. Methods: We developed an inspection - maintenance cost model by considering the unit inspection cost, the cost for preventive maintenance, and the cost for corrective maintenance as well as the cost and quantity of a component, the distribution of the lifetime of components, and the probability of finding fault or failure during inspections. Results: We propose a novel method for determining the optimal inspection interval, which minimizes the total expected cost. The proposed method can be applied to systems consisting of one or more types of components. The data, which is derived from the case study that is documented in the previous research [13], are utilized to illustrate that the proposed method is effective for determining the optimal inspection interval and for conducting sensitivity analysis. Finally, we apply the proposed method to determine the optimal inspection interval pertaining to a component of auxiliary power that is built into railway trains. Consequently, we observed that a relationship exists between the reduction in the cost of operating the system and the current inspection interval. Conclusions: The proposed method can be effective for other repairable systems, which undergo inspection, preventive maintenance, and corrective maintenance.
김대경,소재선 경희대학교 법학연구소 2012 경희법학 Vol.47 No.1
Zieht man ein Resümee, zeigt sich, dass das Zivilrecht erhebliche Schwierigkeiten hat, das zentrale Problem der Ungewissheit über die Auswirkungen neuer Technologien in die tradierte Dogmatik und Beweislastverteilung zwischen den Parteien einzupassen. Insbesondere das mangelnde Wissen über die Kausalzusammenhänge und fehlende Anknüpfungspunkte an technisch-naturwissenschaftliche Standards führen dazu, dass etwaige Ansprüche von Geschädigten ins Leere gehen bzw. sich prozessual nicht umsetzen lassen. Auch der Anscheinsbeweis versagt bei fehlenden Kentnissen über typisierte Geschehensabläufe. Ohne eine entsprehende Beweislastumkehr drohen damit unzureichende Anreize für Hersteller bzw. Anlagenbetreiber, für ein notwendiges Risikowissen zu sorgen. Nimmt man die Bedenken ernst, die hinsichtlich der unerforschten Risiken der Nanotechnologie geäußert werden, läge es nahe, die öffentlichrechtlichen Möglichkeiten über Vorsorgeprinzipien für das nötige Risikowissen zu sorgen, zu stäken. Das Zivilrecht vermag hierzu de lege lata nur wenig beizusteuern, da bis auf den Arzneimittelbereich Hersteller ebenso wie Ablagenbetreiber weitestgehend von Haftungsriken versont werden. Selbst wenn Entwicklungsrisiken von der Haftung umfasst werden, bleiben Probleme im Beweisbereich vor allem hinsichtlich der Kausalität bestehen. Ein Regierungsmix, gegebenenfalls verbunden mit wettbewerbsrechtlichen Instrumenten entgegen der tradierten Rechtsprechung, scheint daher insgesamt am erfolgversprechendsten, um für das nötige Risikowissen über die neuen Technologien zu soregn. 나노기술의 검증되지 않은 위험이 발생할 개연성에 대하여 진지하게 고민해 보게 된다면, 필요한 위험정보의 수집에 대한 보호원칙에 기초한 公法的 介入 可能性을 보다 강하게 요구하게 될 것이다. 이에 비하여 민법은 실정법상 그 기여하는 바가 크지는 않다. 왜냐하면 상기한 의약품법에서처럼 생산자 내지 설비운영자는 최대한 책임의 위험성으로부터 보호되어지기 때문이다. 개발위험도 또한 책임의 범주에 포함되어지는데, 문제는 무엇보다 입증의 범주에서 발생하는 인과관계에 관한 것이다. 비록 지금까지의 판례의 태도와는 부합하지 않지만, 필요한 경우 경쟁법적 법제와 결부되어진 규정의 혼합(Mix)은 나노기술 등 신기술에 대한 필요한 위험정보에 대해 보다 효율적으로 대처하게끔 한다는 측면에서 가장 바람직한 규정모델이 될 것이라 생각된다. 민법을 통한 신기술의 효과에 대한 불확실성에 관한 본질적 문제에 대하여 종래의 법리전개 내지 당사자들 사이의 증명책임의 분배에 대응하기에는 많은 어려움이 있다는 것을 결과로 보여준다. 즉, 특히 인과관계에 대한 부족한 정보와 기술적 및 자연과학적 일반기준에 대한 결여된 연결점은 피해자의 각종 청구권을 공허하게 만들 수도 있고, 심지어는 법적 소송으로 나아가지 못하게끔 하는 결과를 야기 시킬 수도 있다. 또한 표현증거는 전형적 현상의 경과에 대한 충분치 못한 정보를 갖고 있는 경우 부정되어진다. 또한 어떠한 경우에도 증명책임 전환의 법리를 인정하지 않는다면, 생산자 내지 일정한 설비의 운영자로 하여금 필요한 위험에 대한 인식의 노력을 크게 반감시키게 될 것이다. 그러나, 다른 한편으로 증명책임의 전환은 종종 그 목적을 초과해서 나타날 수도 있다. 왜냐하면, 생산자 내지 일정한 설비의 운영자라고 하더라도, 항상 ‘더 많은’ 위험정보를 가지고 있다고 할 수는 없고, 나노제품을 통한 위험의 발생에 대해서, 단지 개연성에 기초한 정보만 갖는 경우도 많기 때문이다. 한편 비례책임(Proportionalhaftung)은 독일법 체계에서 아직까지 인정되고 있지는 않는데, 이는 또한 이론적 내지 법경제학적 특성에 기한 약간의 문제를 야기시키고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 무엇보다 의사책임에서 판례가 인정한 소위 간접적 주장 내지 증명책임의 분배가 소송법적 출구로서 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 이 경우 피해자는 단지 ‘기초적 혐의사실’에 대해서만 증명하면 되고, 생산자 내지 설비운영자는 스스로의 면책을 주장 내지 증명하여야 한다.
Stroke in a Young Individual with Left Ventricular Noncompaction and Left Atrium Standstill
김대경,이가희,송여정,양주일,신호철,옹성문,이호영 대한심장학회 2015 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.45 No.5
Isolated left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy with morphologic characteristics of two distinct myocardial layers i.e., thin compacted epicardial and thick noncompacted endocardial layers. The noncompacted myocardium consists of prominent ventricular trabeculae and deep intertrabecular recesses. It can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure or systemic embolisms. Electrocardiographic patterns of patients with LVNC are various and non-specific; however, the most common findings are intraventricular conduction delay, left ventricular hypertrophy, and repolarization abnormalities. We reported the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of a 29-year-old man who had recent cerebral infarction and incidental LVNC with spontaneous left atrial standstill
김대경 한국정치커뮤니케이션학회 2012 정치커뮤니케이션 연구 Vol.0 No.27
The aim of this exploratory study is to examine the political influences of Twitter during the local election held on June 2 2010 in South Korea. First, this study examined motivations for why politically interested Internet users were using Twitter during the election campaign based on the uses and gratification approach, and then explored what factors could predict the motivations for using Twitter. An online survey of 292 politically motivated Internet users in this study identified three primary reasons for accessing Twitter: political surveillance/information-seeking, convenience/entertainment, and social utility. Correlation analysis found a positive relationship between Twitter reliance and political behavior, and hierarchical regression revealed that both Twitter reliance and strength of party support were significant predictors of social utility motives for accessing Twitter, which may indicate the discursive nature of Twitter during the election campaign. The findings of this study show both the potentials and limitations of Twitter as a political communication tool. Based on those findings, discussion and direction for future research were followed.
김대경 아주대학교 법학연구소 2014 아주법학 Vol.8 No.2
This paper consider about the principles and exceptions of named principal in the German Civil Law with respect to the attitude of theory and case law. The named principal in the acts of agent aims to clearly deal with the legal relationship among the contract parties. Unlike the German Civil Law takes the named principal in case of the civil and commercial agency, but korea civil code is applied only for civil agency. This difference is based on the reasons as follows, the effect of promoting the safety, simplicity and immediacy of the commercial-transaction. The clue of the discussion in this paper is that there are some needs to recognize that is applied in case of civil law. The German Civil Code Article 164 stipulates the principles of named principal and there are enough ways that will be able to recognize the action for others in light of various factors, as well as explicit. In particular, agency intention plays an important role to determin, whether the cancel of a contract due to fall into the error is possible. Otherwise, the effects of transaction without the named principal are directly belonged to the angency. Basically the Geman Civil Code adhere to the named principal in the acts of agent, but there are some exceptions, that is the theory of Acts-belonging. According the above theory, in the following cases, for example, transactions that do not focus on the personality of the other acts, such as cash transactions of everyday life, relationship bonds, a real right relationships, further actions based on the identity relations. It is thought that the problems related to the principles and exceptions of named principal in korea civil law can be overcome through teleological interpretation in a range that does not undermine the institutional significance and function. Bei dieser Arbeit geht es um die dogmatische Untersuchung über das Offenkundigkeitsprinzip und dessen Ausnahme im BGB. Hier ist vor allem darüber in Betracht zu ziehen, wie das Offenkundigkeitsprinzip im BGB funktioniert ist und in welchen Fällen bzw. Anwendungsbereichen dessen Ausnahme zugelassen und erweitert ist. Das Stellvertretungsrecht geht vom Offenkundigkeitsgrundsatz aus. Das Offenkundigkeitsprinzip dient grundsätzlich nicht nur dem Schutz des Vertragspartners, sondern auch daneben dem Schutz der Rechtsklarheit und des allgemeinen Rechtsverkehrs. Neben der ausdrücklichen oder konkludenten Stellvertretungserklärung ist ein entsprechender Vertretungswille des Vertreters für die Bejahung des Tatbestandmerkmals des Handelns im fremden Namen erforderlich. „Das offene Geschäft für den, den es angeht“ ist nach dem Prinzip der Vertragsfreiheit und dem Grundsatz der Gestaltungsfreiheit grundsätzlich zulässig. Ferner ist das vielmehr fraglich, ob das versteckte Geschäft für den, den es angeht zulässig ist. Zwar gibt es sehr unterschiedliche und umstrittene Auffassungen, aber nach den herrschenden Auffassungen ist das auch unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen zulässig. Auch die für den Eigentumserwerb erforderliche Übergabe an den Erwerber kann auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise erfolgen. So bei Besitzerwerb erwirbt der verdeckt gebliebene Vertretene das Eigentum nicht vom Vertreter, sondern gemäß § 929 S. 1 direkt vom Veräußerer dadurch, dass der handelnde Vertreter als Besitzmittler od. -diener angesehen wird. Meiner Meinung nach bedarf es hier einer teleologischen Reduktion bei der Auslegung des § 164 - soweit der Vertragspartner kein Interesse an der Offenlegung hat, wer sein Geschäftspartner sein wird. Neben dem Rechtsinstitut des Geschäfts für den, den es angeht, sind eine Reihe von gesetzlichen Tatbeständen als gesetzliche Ausnahme vom Offenheitserfordernis normiert, aber diese gesetzlichen Ausnahmen sind keine echten Fälle der direkten Stellvertretung, weil die ohne Offenkundigkeit eintretenden Rechtsfolgen nicht rechtsgeschäftliche, sondern gesetzliche Rechtsfolgen sind.
김대경 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2008 International Neurourology Journal Vol.12 No.2
Purinergic neurotransmission has been regarded as major component of non-adrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) contraction in detrusor smooth muscle. Although in normal human detrusor,this contraction seems to be small, the importance of the NANC component for detrusor contraction in disease conditions such as detrusor overactivity remains to be established. Based on many evidences for purinergic contributions in lower urinary tract, ATP and purinoceptors has been suggested to be involved in both efferent and afferent mechanism in voiding reflex. ATP signaling via P2X1 receptors plays an important role in efferent neural control of urinary bladder function, although to varying degrees across species from experimental animals to men. The efferent function of purinoceptors may be enhanced in detrusor overactivity and aging. ATP also suggested being involved in mechanosensory transmission, via activation of P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors on sensory afferent nerves. The afferent function of purinoceptors may be related with pathophysiology of overactive bladder or interstitial cystitis, mediating bladder hyperexicitability. These results suggest that the selective antagonists for the purinoceptors may offer better relief of sensory and motor symptoms for overactive bladder or interstitial cystitis patients in the future. (J Korean Continence Soc 2008;12:93-8)