실시간 영상에서 물체의 색/모양 정보를 이용한 움직임 검출 알고리즘 구현

김남우,허창우,Kim, Nam-Woo,Hur, Chang-Wu 한국정보통신학회 2014 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.18 No.11

Motion detection according to the movement and the change area detection method according to the background difference and the motion history image for use in a motion estimation technique using a real-time image, the motion detection method according to the optical flow, the back-projection of the histogram of the object to track for motion tracking At the heart of MeanShift center point of the object and the object to track, while used, the size, and the like due to the motion tracking algorithm CamShift, Kalman filter to track with direction. In this paper, we implemented the motion detection algorithm based on color and shape information of the object and verify. 실시간 영상을 이용하여 움직임 검출을 하는데 사용하는 배경 차영상 기법에 의한 움직임 및 변화 영역 검출 방법과 움직임 히스토리에 의한 움직임 검출법, 광류에 의한 움직임 검출법, 움직임 추적을 위한 추적하려는 물체의 히스토그램의 역투영을 이용하면서 물체의 중심점을 추적하는 MeanShift와 물체의 중심, 크기, 방향을 함께 추적하는 CamShift, Kalman 필터에 의한 움직임 추적 알고리즘 등이 있다. 본 논문에서는 물체의 색상과 모양 정보를 이용한 움직임 검출 알고리즘을 구현하고 검증하였다.

Emgu CV를 이용한 자동차 번호판 자동 인식 프로그램의 성능 평가에 관한 연구

김남우,허창우,Kim, Nam-Woo,Hur, Chang-Wu 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.20 No.6

자동차 번호판 인식은 대중적인 감시 기술 중의 한 종류로서, 주어진 비디오나 영상 내 광학문자 인식을 수반한다. 번호판 인식은 자동차 번호판 국부화, 번호판의 크기, 차원, 명암대비, 밝기를 조정하는 정규화, 개별문자를 얻어내는 문자 분할, 문자를 인식하는 광학 문자 인식, 번호판의 형태, 크기, 위치 들이 연도별, 지역별로 차이가 있는 번호판들의 데이터베이스를 비교하여 구문 분석을 하는 절차를 거친다. 본 논문에서는 EmguCV를 이용하여 구현한 번호판 감지를 수행하여 위치를 찾아내고, 오픈 소스 광학 문자 인식 엔진으로 잘 알려져 있는 테서렉트 OCR을 이용하여 번호판의 문자를 인식하는 자동 인식 프로그램을 구현하고 번호판의 촬영 각도, 크기, 밝기에 대한 성능평가 결과에 관해 기술하였다. LPR(License plate recognition) is a kind of the most popular surveillance technology based on accompanied by a video and video within the optical character recognition. LPR need a many process. One is a localization of car license plates, license plate of size, space, contrast, normalized to adjust the brightness, another is character division for recognize the character optical character recognition to win the individual characters, character recognition, the other is phrase analysis of the shape, size, position by year, the procedure for the analysis by comparing the database of license plate having a difference by region. In this paper, describing the results of performance of license plate recognition S/W, which was implemented using EmguCV, find the location, using the tesseract OCR, which are well known to an optical character recognition engine of open source, the characters of the license plate image capturing angle of the plate, image size, brightness.

최저 재판매가격유지행위 – 2010년 대법원 판례 변경 후 추가적으로 생각해 볼 쟁점들

김남우 한국경제법학회 2015 경제법연구 Vol.14 No.1

Before the Korean Supreme Court decision in 2010, minimum resale price maintenance (“RPM“), or vertical price fixing, was per se illegal. The Korean Supreme Court ruled that the minimum RPM is presumptively illegal but the defendant may rebut the presumption by proffering justifications. The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Leegin Creative Leather Products v. PSKS, Inc., 551 U.S. 877 (2007) must have affected the Korean Supreme Court’s change of law. The Korean Supreme Court’s decision has opened the door for manufacturers to set up its own pricing policy to encourage retailers to increase tangible or intangible services or promotional efforts that support competition against rival brands. However, the watershed ruling leaves a few matters to be reconsidered such as (i) agreement as an elements of RPM; (ii) standing in a lawsuit seeking damagesl; (iii) standard of review for minimum RPM in dual distribution system; and (iv) relationship with exploitative or monopoly pricing. In this paper, the following arguments were made with respect to those matters. First, because minimum RPM is no longer unlawful per se, much less importance rests on debate on whether agreement should be an element. Second, because the Korean Supreme Court underscored consumer harm, the standing in a suit for damages should be granted solely to consumers injured from inflated prices. Third, an empirical study should be encouraged to find proper standard of review for dual distribution situation. Lastly, because minimum PRM could enhance a monopoly manufacturer’s ability to engage in supra-competitive pricing, there is a slight conflict with the statutory provision prohibiting monopolist’s excessive pricing in terms of interpretation. 최저 재판매가격유지행위는 우리나라 독점규제법의 문언 상 당연위법으로 취급되고 있으나 최근 우리나라 대법원은 2010년 ‘새로운 해석’을 제시하여 최저 재판매가격유지행위는 경쟁 제한적으로 추정되나 법 위반의 의심을 받는 사업자가 정당성의 주장을 할 수 있다는 판결을 내렸다. 이는 2007년 최저 재판매 가격유지행위에 대한 심사기준을 당연위법에서 합리의 원칙으로 변경한 미국 연방대법원 판례의 영향을 부인할 수 없다고 생각한다. 제조사업자의 입장에서는 브랜드 간의 경쟁을 촉진할 수 있는 가격 정책을 마련할 수 있다는 측면에서 매우 고무적이지 않을 수 없으나 이러한 판례변경은 구성요건으로서의 ‘합의’의 필요성, 손해배상청구의 원고적격의 문제, 이중유통구조에서의 경쟁제한성의 심사기준 문제 및 시장지배력의 증대로 인한 부당한 가격결정 조항과의 조화로운 해석 문제 등이다. 이에 대하여 동 논문은 다음과 같은 주장을 제기하였다. 첫째, 최저 재판매가격유지행위가 시장에 미치는 효과가 주요한 관심사가 된 이상, 합의가 구성요건이 되어야 하는가에 대한 논의는 불필요하다고 생각한다. 둘째, 최저 재판매가격유지행위의 판례 변경으로 인해 손해배상의 청구 주체를 소비자에게만 부여해야 한다고 생각한다. 셋째, 이중유통구조의 경우 실증적 연구를 통해 적절한 심사기준이 마련되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 마지막으로 최저 재판매가격유지행위는 시장지배력을 증대시킬 수 있다는 측면에서 독점가격 부과의 우려가 있고 그럼에도 불구하고 정당성으로 인해 이를 허용한다면, 독점가격의 부과를 금지하는 우리나라 독점규제법 제3조의2 제1항 제1호와의 조화로운 해석이 어려울 수도 있다는 점이다.

수리분석에 의한 한국 Drosophila 아속 10종에 대한 계통학적 연구

김남우,주은영,이양숙 慶山大學校 2000 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

Systematic relationships among the 10 species (D. virilis, D. lacertosa, D. tsigana, D. angularis D. brachynephros, D. curvispina, D. kuntzei, D. nigromaculata, D. takadai, D. unispina) of the subgenus Drosophila in Korea were investigated by taximetrical analysis. The taximetrical analysis of the 10 species according to the30 morphological characters were performed using UPGMA and cladistic analysis. The similarity coefficient (Gower's) between D. angularis and D. brachynephros was the highest value 0.941, and between D. curvispina and D. takadai was relatively high over 0.88. On the other hand, that between D. virilis and D. takadai was lowest value of 0.271. A dendrogram was constructed by cladistic analysis among 10 species with 30 morphological characters. The result of cladistic analysis D. virilis has the most primitive characters. The 10 species seem to be cladisted into three groups (D. virilis, D. lacertosa, P2). D. tsigana and P3 were derived from P2. Three derivative groups were cladisted from primitive species (P3). One derivative group included D. nigromaculata and next group included D. brachynephros, D. angularis, D. kuntzei, D. takadai, and the other group comprised D. unispina, D. curvispina. These results might suggest that the subgenus Drosophila consist of two section; the 1st section of D. virilis, D. lacertosa, D. tsigana and 2nd section of D. angularis, D. brachynephros, D. curvispina, D. kuntzei, D. nigromaculata, D. takadai, D. unispina. The group to which D. virilis belonged was considered as the primitive. However, it could not be the direct primitive to the another group, Instead it was presumed that there had been another ancestor.

Drosophila auraria 변이형에 대한 진화유전학적 연구

김남우 慶山大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

Phylogenic relationships of variation type of Drosophila auraria (D. auraria-like) was investigated by frequency of natural population morphology, electrophoretic patterns of water soluble proteins. The average frequency of variable phallic organ of D.auraria among 9 natural populations, was 47.07 percentage, the highest of all was 64.00% at Ch'unch'on population and the lowest of all was 34.61% at Cheju population. The morphological comparison of 3 strains in D.auraria, D.auraria-like, and D.triauraria, such as wing indeces, number of bristle on the sex comb, pallosomal index of phallic organ, D.auraria-like was different from D.auraria and D.triauraria each other. A comparition of phallic organ in D.auraria-like and Fl hybrid, derived from D.auraria and D.triauraria, was different from aedeagus, lateral claw, median notch process. Thus, it is conjected that D.auraria-like might have not derived from cross between D.auraria and D.triauraria. The genetic distance by TDE between D.auraria and D.auraria-like was 0.0476 and 0.1230 between D.auraria-like and D.triauraria, while D.auraria and D.triauraria was 0.0831 In consequence, it could be found that D.auraria- like was more closely related with D.auraria than D.triauraria, D.auraria-like are confirmed as a incipient stage in the process of evolutionary divergence.

기분장애 환자에서 마음챙김에 기초한 인지치료에 따른 우울 증상과 다섯 가지 마음챙김 요소와의 관계

김남우,김혜영,조성준,안용민,Kim, Namwoo,Kim, Hyeyoung,Cho, Sung Joon,Ahn, Yong Min 대한생물정신의학회 2017 생물정신의학 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives We aimed to examine whether mindfulness skills are mediating the improvements of depressive symptoms in patients with mood disorders who practiced Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Methods A total of 19 patients with mood disorder were included in this study. The participants were divided into two subgroups: a normal to mild depression group and a moderate depression group. The participants completed questionnaires to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life, suicidal idea, and mindfulness skills which were measured by the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) before and after MBCT course. Results The moderate depression group showed improvements through MBCT in depressive symptoms and suicidal idea, but not in anxiety and quality of life. The normal to mild depression group showed no significant change through MBCT. The improvement of depressive symptoms in the moderate depression group was predictable by improvements of the five facets of mindfulness, especially by 'observe' and 'non-react' components. Conclusions This study showed that currently depressive patients with moderate severity but not with normal to mild severity benefit from MBCT in reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal idea. The improvement of depressive symptoms was mediated by improved mindfulness skills through MBCT.

Year-to-Year Inversion Polymorphism in a Southern Korea Drosophila melanogaster Wild Population

김남우,임낙용 한국유전학회 2004 Genes & Genomics Vol.26 No.2

한국산 Drosophila아속 6종의 계통학적 연구

김남우,송은숙 한국곤충학회 1999 Entomological Research Vol.29 No.4

한국산 Drosophila아속 6종 (D. testacea, D. sternopleuralis, D. bizonata, D. hixtrio, D. immigrans, D. curviceps)의 계통관계를 알아보기 위하여 형태적분석, 동위효소분석 그리고 수용성 단백질 분석을 실시하였다. 30종류의 형태적 형질을 분석한 결과 D. bizonata와 D. testacea사이가 0.833의 유사지수를 나타내어 유연관계가 가장 높았다. 반면 D. immigrans와 D. bizonata사이의 유연관계가 가장 낮았다. 그리고 D.bizonata는 원시형질을 가장 많이 보유하고 있었으며, D. testacea가 가장 늦게 분지된 종으로 분석되었다. 15종류의 동위효소 분석에서는 18개의 loci가 검출되었다. 18개 loci중 Fum, Ao, Acph,Xdh, Me, Odh-5, G6pd, Sdh는 변이가 없었으며, 특히 Fum, Acph, Xdh, Sdh는 종간에도 변이가 없이 monomorphic하였다. 동위효소 분석에서는 D. immigrans와 D. curviceps사이가 가장 유사한 종으로 분석되었다. TDE에 의한 수용성 단백질 분석에서는 D. bizonata와 D. curvisceps사이가 가장 낮은 유연관계를 나타냈고, D. immigrans와 D. curviceps사이의 유연관계가 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 한국산 Drosophila아속 6종은 D. immigrans, D. curviceps의 group, D. bizonata, D. testacea group, D. sternopleuralis group 그리고 D. histrio group으로 나눌 수 있다. Phylogenic relationships among the six species (D. testacea, D. sternopleuralis, D. bizonata, D. hisrrio, D. immigrans, D. curviceps) of the subgenus Drosophila in Korea were investigated by taximetrical analysis, allozyme and soluble proteins analysis. The taximetrical analysis of the 6 species according to the 30 morphological characters were performed using UPGMA. Two species D. bizonata and D. testacea clustered at high similarity enough to suggest that they were closely related species. A cladogram was constructed by cladistic analysis among 6 species with 30 morphological characters. These species were divided into two lines at their ancestors level: D. histrio, D. bizonata and D. testacea belonged to the one line, while D. immigrans, D. curviceps and D. sternopleuralis belonged to the other. The genetic relationships among the six species in the subgenus Drosophila species group were investigated following that eighteen loci were detected out of analysis fifteen allozymes by means of starch gel electrophoresis. Fum, Ao, Acph, Xdh, Me, Odh-2, G6pd and Sdh had monomorphic patterns in the each species, and specially Fum, Acph, Xdh, Sdh was same allele. The average genetic similarity of the six species which was belong to subgenus Drosophila in Korea was 0.531. Soluble proteins were analyzed by TDE. In genetic distance by TDE, D. immigrans and D. curviceps are even closer than any other ones showing genetic distance 0.264, D. bizonata and D. testacea are also closely related species. The results of taxonomical analysis, allozyme and soluble proteins analysis were similar. These results might suggest that the subgenus Drosophila consist of four group; the 1st group of D. immigrans, D. curviceps, 2nd group of D. bizonata, D. testacea, 3rd group of D. sternopleuralis group and 4th group of D. histrio group.

한국 quinaira species group (Drosophilidae) 7종간의 유연관계

김남우 慶山大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1998 基礎科學 Vol.2 No.2

한국 Drosophila속 quinaria group 7종(D. angularis, D. brachynephros, D. curvispina, D. kuntzei, D. nigronaculata, D. takadai, D. unispona)의 유연관계를 알아보기 위하여 형태적 수리분석, allozyme 분석 그리고 수용성 단백질 분석(TDE)를 실시하였다. 7종류의 형태적 형질을 분석한 결과 D. angularis와 D. brachynephros사이가 0.941로 가장 유연관계가 높았다. 12종료의 allozyme 분석에서 15개의 loci가 검출되었다. 15개 loci중 MDH-2, GOT, FUM, AO, XDH, ODH-2, ME, G6PD, ADH는 종내변이가 관찰되지 않았으며 특히 FUM, AO, XDH, ODH-2, ME, ADH는 종간에서도 변이가 없이 monomorpic 하였다. 이 allozyme 분석에서도 D. angularis와 D. brachynephros 사이가 0.854의 genetic similarity를 보여 가장 유사한 종이 였다. TDE에 의한 genetic distance는 D. nigronaculata와 D. brachynephros 사이가 0.322로 가장 높았으며, D. angularis와 D. brachynephros 사이가 0.168로 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 한국산 quinaria group 7종은 D. angularis, D. brachynephros, D. unispina의 group과 D. curvispina, D. takadai, D. kuntzei 그리고 D. nigromaculata의 group으로 나눌 수 있다. Phylogenic relationships among the seven species D. angularis, D. brachynephros, D. curvispina, D. kuntzei, D. nigronaculata, D. takadai, D. unispona of the quinaria species group in Korea were investigated by taximetrical analysis, allozyme and soluble proteins analysis. The taximetrical analysis of the seven species according to the 17 morphological characters was performed using UPGMA. Two species D. angularis and D. brachynephros clustered at high similarity enough to suggest that they were closely related species and relatively high 0.8 have been found between quinaria species group. The genetic relationships among the seven species in the quinaria species group were investigated following that eighteen loci were detected out of analysis fifteen allozymes by means of starch gel electrophoresis. MDH-2, GOT, FUM, AO, XDH, ODH-2, G6PD, ME and ADH had monomorphic patterns in the seven species. The average genetic similarity of the seven species which was belong to quinaria species group in Korea was 0.602. Soluble proteins of the seven species of quinaria species group was analyzed by TDE. In genetic distance by TDE, D. angularis and D. brachynephros are even closer than any other ones showing genetic distance 0.168, D. curvispina and D. unispina, D. kuntzei and D. takadai are also closely related species showing genetic distance 0.178, 0.192, respectively. The results of taximetrical analysis, allozyme and soluble proteins analysis were similar. These results might suggest that the quinaria species group consist of three group; the 1st group of D. angularis, D. brachynephros, D. unispina and 2nd group of D. curvispina, D. takadai, D. kuntzei and 3rd group of D. nigromaculata.

김포 Drosophila melanogaster 자연집단의 유전적 구조 변화

김남우 慶山大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

Analysis of genetic structure in Kimpo natural population of Drosophila melanogaster was carried out by utilizing the deleterious gene on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Male flies tested were continuously collected for eleven years; in late September 1974, 1981∼1987, 1990,1994 and 1996. The frequency of deleterious gene (lethal plus semilethal) ranged from 24.59% in 1984 to 41.48% in 1987 and 1994. And the values estimated from the eleven years samples are highly significant from each other with a homogenety test (X^(2)=52.0157, d.f.=28, P<0.005). Allelic rates ranged from 1.30% in 1981 to 5.03% in 1974. And the effective population size by using the rate of allelism was estimated average at 3,300 pairs. Elimination rate by homozygous of lethal gene ranged from 0.0004 in 1984 to 0.0019 in 1974, and that is for smaller than mutation rate(0.005) at second chromosome, I suppose that stable frequency (about 20%) lethal genes of Drosophila melanogaster in Kimpo natural population are maintained by invade of P-type mutator factor(Pelement) versus eliminated in heterozygous and homozygous condition of lethal gene.