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김광구,김하정 한국비교정부학회 2024 한국비교정부학보 Vol.28 No.1
(Purpose) The problems of climate changes have made renewable energy sources such as wind and sunlight become sustainable and alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. Korean government has made efforts to develop socio-economically sustainable renewable energy policies in order to reduce carbon emission levels, especially by utilizing offshore wind powers. Korean government has tried to develop several offshore wind farms but the offshore wind farm projects have faced serious public resistances due to the lack of public acceptance of local stakeholders. Hence this paper tries to find structural reasons of the public conflicts that all of the offshore wind farm projects have faced. (Design/methodology/approach) First, this paper analyzes several public conflict cases (Bu-an·Gochang, Sin-an, Tong-yeong, Ulsan, and Incheon) of the offshore wind farms projects. Second, it finds the phases of the licensing and construction processes that the public conflicts have been initiated at. Finally, it tries to understand the reasons of the public conflicts of the offshore wind farm projects.. (Findings) Most of the public conflicts have been broken at the phases of the reviews and installations of the Windfarm Assessment Tools. This finding implies that local stakeholders have not been aware of the offshore wind farm projects before they had been made public. Furthermore the licensing rules of governments have not incorporated the positions and interests of local stakeholders into the development processes of the offshore wind farm projects. (Research implications of Originality) This paper suggests that the licensing rules of offshore wind farm projects need to be redesigned to make the interests of local stakeholders justifiable.
김광구(金光九),오현순(吳賢順),김영곤(金泳坤) 한국정책과학학회 2013 한국정책과학학회보 Vol.17 No.3
주민투표는 국가 또는 지방자치단체의 주요 정책적 결정사항에 대해 지역 주민이 투표를 통해 직접 결정하는 제도로서 지역주민 전체의 의견을 직접적으로 확인할 수 있다는 점에서 직접 민주주의의 꽃으로 불려왔다. 특히 공공정책의 수립 및 집행 과정에서 갈등을 해결하고 사회 통합에 기여한다는 측면에서도 중요한 역할을 수행할 것으로 기대 받았다. 하지만 정작 주민투표가 시행된 이후 갈등 해결에 기여하기는커녕 갈등을 부추기는 역설적 기능으로 인해 갈등이 증폭되고 있다. 이는 주민투표제도가 주민자치라는 직접 민주제의 본질을 벗어나서 정부에 의한 하향식 정책 수립의 정당성 확보를 위한 수단적 기능에 머물고 있다는 한계를 노정했기 때문이다. 이에 따라 주민투표제도의 본질적 기능을 수행하고 공정성과 민주성을 확보하기 위한 핵심적 대안으로 시민참여의 숙의 과정을 강화하는 방안의 모색이 필요하다. 본 연구는 주민투표제도 내용 설계의 문제점과 경주 방폐장 유치 과정에서 주민투표 적용의 문제점을 분석하여 주민투표제도의 개선방향을 제시하였다. 숙의의 조건과 분석틀로 제시된 포괄성, 공개성, 평등성, 성찰성을 중심으로 분석한 결과 주민투표법 설계 자체와 그에 따른 실제 적용에 있어서도 불공정 및 비민주적이었다고 지적하였다. 주민투표제도의 공정성과 민주성 확보를 위해서는 의견을 달리하는 균형 잡힌 정보 제공과 주민참여 숙의 과정, 그리고 다양한 이해관계자들이 참여하는 숙의 과정의 운영 및 관리 조직의 필요성을 강조하며 시민토론위원회의 구성 및 운영 등에 관한 『주민투표법』 개정방안을 제시하였다. Residential Referendum has been expected to be an critical tool for direct democracy because it may allow local residents to express directly their opinions on important national and local decision-makings. Residential Referendum may be able to play a role to resolve public disputes around the decision-makings and contribute to social solidarity. Unlike these expectations, the Law of Resident"s Referendum introduced in 2004 in Korea has been seen as one factor to cause public disputes. The outcomes may result from misunderstanding the roles or functions of residential referendum, misapplying the processes of it, or design it wrongfully. Thus, this paper suggests to redesign the Law of Resident"s Referendum into which the requirements of deliberative democracy may be necessary to be incorporated to ensure fairness and procedural democracy for national and local decision-makings. Specifically this paper analyzes the problems of the procedural design of the Law and its applications to the referendum to construct a radioactive waste facility at Gyeongju. This paper employs openness, equality, and diversity as the requirements of deliberative democracy to endure fairness and democracy for the residental referendum. Thus, it may be necessary to redesign the The Law to provide balanced informationwhich includes different views and opinions, open all citizen to participate in the processes of deliberations on issues, and introduce so-called a "citizen deliberation committee" which manage the processes of deliberations.
김광구,김예승,홍성우 한국비교정부학회 2009 한국비교정부학보 Vol.13 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether the career types of the elected officers at local governments may affect local economy. This paper differentiates the career types of the elected officers into a public administrator type, a politician type, and a businessman type. This paper employs two empirical (mixed) models based on both the neo-classical and the endogenous growth models. The results show that the elected officers with the career of a public administrator and a politician may have more positive influence on the performance of a local economy measured by service industry and local tax per capita. This paper does not yet have conclusive findings. It may be necessary to have sophisticate theoretical model building and substantial database. However, This paper may provide a criteria for local residents to evaluate the performances of their local elected officers and to make choice of candidates. It may be hopeful that this paper may encourage researchers to do further study on evaluating the performances of the local elected officers.
갈등해소를 위한 갈등영향분석에서 대화협의체 설계 요인의 탐색 - 국립공원 내 백두대간 비개방구간 갈등사례를 중심으로 -
김광구,홍수정,홍성만 한국지방행정학회 2011 한국지방행정학보 (KLAR) Vol.8 No.2
This paper is to introduce a conflict impact assessment for the conflict case of the non-open trails in BAEKDUDAEGAN and to try to enhance the effectiveness of a conflict impact assessment to resolve public conflicts. This paper provides several suggestions in designing a consensus-building process to resolve the conflict on the non-open trails in BAEKDUDAEGAN. First, to consider a time variable indicating the nature of conflict. Second, to analyze related laws and institutions that may be the structural causes of conflicts. Third, to decide consensus possibility by analyzing the disagreement of issues. Forth, to decide the degrees of conflicts along with conflict cycles. Fifth, to find the interests and positions of stakeholders and their willingness to participate in a consensus-building process. This paper is an academic essay to develop criteria for designing a consensus-building process. This paper may hope contribute to searching for better criteria in order to enhance the validity of a conflict impact assessment.