Analysis of the influence of sex, slaughter season, and feeding system on carcass traits in Hanwoo

김계웅,김지혁 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2017 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.44 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sex, environmental factors, and feeding system on the carcass traits of Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle). Data were collected from 7,866 heads slaughtered in Chungnam province during one-year period. Using the collected carcass traits data which greatly influence a Hanwoo’s carcass grade, the effects of sex class, slaughter season, and feeding system were estimated. Backfat thickness of steers was significantly higher than that of bulls (p < 0.05). Marbling score was also the highest in steers when compared with cows and bulls (p < 0.05). Live weight and carcass weight were significantly higher in winter than in summer (p < 0.05). However, backfat thickness was significantly lower in summer than in other seasons (p < 0.05). Marbling score was higher in spring and fall than in summer and winter (p < 0.05). In terms of feeding systems, TMR (Total mixed ration) and TMF (Total mixed fermentation feed) fed groups showed the highest carcass grade (p < 0.05). However, the group fed TMR and formula feed at the final fattening period showed the lowest performance (p < 0.05) and it is assumed that some stress was associated to the feed change. The results reconfirm that castration may be recommended in order to improve meat quality and marbling scores in bulls. There was no consistent trend of seasonal effects of slaughter on carcass traits although some traits were significantly affected. Regarding the feeding system, either TMR or TMF can be supplied to achieve high feed efficiency and good carcass characteristics in Hanwoo.

번식 육종 1 ; 무지개 송어의 난형성에 미치는 메카니즘 구명

김계웅,박홍양,윤종만 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 1991 한국축산학회 심포지움자료집 Vol.- No.-

우리나라 재래산양의 혈구 X-protein 및 Haemoglobin 좌위의(座位) 유전적 다형분석

김계웅,이인호,조규석,정재록,유재영,윤종만,이종영,박홍양 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.6

This study was carried out to investigate genetic polymorphisms of two red cell protein loci, X-protein (Xp) and Haemoglobin(Hb), using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in Korean Native Goats. Blood samples were collected and examined from a total of 69 animals raised in Chungnam province. The genotype distributions and gene frequencies were estimated at these loci. In the Xp locus, the observed distribution of phenotype were 92.7% for X2 and 7.3% for X0, and gene frequencies of X² and X^0 were 0.731 and 0.269, respectively. In the Hb locus, the observed distributions of genotype were 91.3% for AA homotype and 8.7% for AB heterotype, while the BB homotype was not found in the present study. The gene frequencies for Hb^A and Hb^B were 0.957 and 0.043, respectively. According to these results, the red cell Hb types were supposed to be controlled by two codominant alleles, Hb^A and Hb^B, at a single locus.

돼지의 주요 경제형질에 미치는 환경요인의 효과

김계웅,박홍양,조영춘 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.1

The effects of breed, sex, parity, farrowing year, and farrowing month on the major economic traits were investigated on 6,948 pigs of three breeds, Duroc, Landrace and Large White. Overall average daily gain at the age up to reaching 90㎏ of body weight was 829±1.30g. And overall mean age, backfat thickness, body length and height at 90㎏ of body weight were 154±0.14 days, 1.31±0.38㎝, 110±0.08㎝ and 62± 0.04 ㎝, respectively. The effects of breeds on major economical traits were significant statistically(P$lt; 0.05). Duroc showed the highest values of average daily gain and body height, and the shortest age at the 90㎏ of body weight. Meanwhile Landrace had the thinest backfat thickness and the longest body length. Sex, parity, furrowing year and month also significantly(P$lt; 0.05) influenced on the economical traits examined.

돼지의 주요 경제형질에 대한 유전모수 추정에 관한 연구

김계웅,박홍양,조영춘 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.5

This study was carried out to obtain basic data for breeding plan in swine. Genetic parameters for economic traits of swine were estimated on the basis of the data from 6,948 pigs of Duroc, Landrace and Large White tested at a swine farm in Young Kwang County, Junnam Province from 1991 to 1997. The heritabilities of average daily gain, age at 90㎏, backfat thickness, body length and body height were 0.26, 0.37, 0.53, 0.40 and 0.40, respectively. The heritabilities of average daily gain in Duroc, Landrace and Large White were 0.29, 0.30 and 0.17, respectively. Those of age at 90㎏ in Duroc, Landrace and Large White were 0.45, 0.43 and 0.25, respectively. The backfat thickness heritabilities in the three breeds were 0.28, 0.53 and 0.54, respectively. T'he heritabilities estimated for body length and body height were 0.17 and 0.39 in Duroc, 0.47 and 0.50 in Landrace, 0.47 and 0.29 in Large White, respectively. The genetic and phenotypic wrrelations of average daily gain with age at 90㎏, estimated for Duroc, Landrace and Large White were -0.313 and -0.759, -0.784 and -0.783, -0.725 and -0.783, respectively. Those of body length with body height were 0.178 and 0.262, 0.514 and 0.294, 0.324 and 0.344, respectively. The correlations of breeding and phenotypic values in Duroc, Landrace and Large White were 0.593, 0.561 and 0.493 in average daily gain, 0.711, 0.730 and 0.552 in age at 90㎏, 0.708, 0.654 and 0.715 in backfat thickness, 0.558, 0.286 and 0.690 in body length, 0.716, 0.328 and 0.702 in body height, respectively.

韓國在來山羊 血淸Albumin과 Post-albumin 座位의 遺傳子型 및 對立遺傳子 頻度推定

金桂雄 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1995 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

These experiments were carried out to investigate genetic polymorphisms of serum protein such as Albumin(Al) and Post-albumin(Pa), and to establish preservation plan of pure pedigree in Korean Native Goats(KNG). Their sera were collected and examined from the total of 74 KNG that raised in Tangjin district, Chungnam province. They were biochemically analyzed hby polyacrylamide gel(7.5%) electrophoresis (PAGE) in order to estimate the frequencies of genotypes and alleles existing on each trait locus. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. In the serum Albumin(Al) locus, the frequencies of genotypes for heterotype AB and homo type BB observed were 55.4% and 44.6%, respectively. While homotype AA was not found in the Al locus. The frequencies of gene in ?? and ?? were 0.723 and 0.277, respectively. Accordingly, the Al loci were assumed to be controlled by alleles like ?? and ??. 2. The frequencies of genotypes for homotype AA, BB, CC, and heterotype BC observed in post-albumin(Pa) locus were 9.5%, 51.3%, 10.8%, asnd 28.4%, respectively. Whereas, heterotype AB and AC were not detected in this Pa locus. The gene frequencies of ??, ??, and ?? were 0.095, 0.655, and 0.250, respectively. Therefore, the serum Pa loci were considered to be controlled by alleles like ??, ??, and ??. Key words: serum protein, PAGE, polymorphisms, locus, Al, Pa, gene, alleles, genotypes.

최근 우리나라 양돈산업의 구조분석

김계웅,유재영 공주대학교산업개발연구소 2000 産業開發硏究 Vol.8 No.-

This research was undertaken in order to obtain the basic data for systematical pig management through of pig analysis of current status of raising pigs, wholesale price, the appearance ratio of carcass grade, consumption of pork, the number of pigs imported and exported during about 10 years in Korea. These data were collected and analysed from recent secondary raw data. The results obtained were abstracted as follows; 1. The number of raising pigs have tendency to increase gradually with about 8,371,000 pigs, while the number of farm household have tendency gradually to decrease with 24,000 household on September, 2000. Accordingly, the farm sizes are changing with large scale of average of 349 pigs. 2. The farm price of alive pig at 100㎏ was high level with 199,000won in 1999. The carcass price per 1㎏ was the average of 2,982won in 1999. The pork was consumed much more in summer season. 3. The total of meat consumption per capita have been increasing with 30.54㎏ in 1999. Out of total meat, pig meat was 53%. 4. The live pigs imported had been increased gradually up to 1997, however, decreased with 410 heads in 1998. The pigs imported have been mainly utilized as effective breeding animals. 5. The pork imported has been showing rapid increment since 1997. Otherwise, the pork has been gradually decreased with 55,684ton in 1998.

우리나라 모돈농장의 번식능력 변화

김계웅 공주대학교 자원과학연구소 2019 자원과학연구 Vol.1 No.2

This survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of reproductive performances in breeding sow farms from 1970’s to 2018. Items surveyed in this study were results of sows production from total litter sizes to ages at weaning. Data obtained in sows were collected and analyzed. 1. Until recently (2018), total litter sizes have been gradually increased. Pigs at initial sucking in 2000 and 2018, were 9.84 and 10.15 heads, respectively. 2. The farrowing cycles per year have been enhanced in 2018 (9.52%), compared to 2000. The culling rate of dam in comparison of 2000 and 2018 have been comparatively decreased(—5.62%). 3. Litter sizes at weaning in 2000 were a little low, however those in 2018 have been increased with 9.85 pigs (13.87%). Growing rates during sucking in 2000 and 2018, have been 88.41% and 94.30% (6.66%), respectively. Compared to 2000, ages at weanig in 2018 was higher level (31.28%). 4. Recently, heating ratio after weaning have been gradually curtained (5.18 days). The farrowing rates in 2000 and 2018 were 80.04% and 81.04%, respectively. 5. The distributions of parity in 2000 and 2018, were 4.02 and 4.65, respectively. Compared to 2000, the rate of conception have been increased in 2018 (10.96%). In conclusion, these findings suggest that sow breeding managers might be required effective management programme for improvement of reproductive performances in breeding farms.

우리나라 養豚産業의 構造 變化

김계웅 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1996 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

This research was undertaken in order to obtain basic data for systematical pig management through analysis of management size of pig industry, wholesale price, the appearance ratio of carcass grade, consumption of total meat, the number of pigs imported and exported during about 10 years in Korea. These data collected from recent secondary raw data. The results obtained were abstracted as follows; 1. The number of raising pigs have tendency to increase gradually with about 7,060,000 pigs, while the number of farm household have tendency to gradually with 28,000 household on September, 1997. Accordingly, the farm sizes are charging with large scale of average of 257 pigs. 2. The farm price of alive pig at 100kg was high one with 176,000won in 1991. However, that of pig had been maintaining with slight value of 176,000won in 1996. The carcass price per 1kg is highest with average of 2,697won in 1991, but a little low with average of 2,485won in 1996. 3. The appearance ration by grade of pig carcass of A, B, C, D, and E was 18.2%, 30.5%, 27.2%, 20.0%, and 4.1%, respectively, on Oct. 1997. This result showed increment of grading with increment of year. 4. The wholesale price per 1kg by grade of pig carcass was 2,418won, the differences between A and E grade were 1,283won. Accordingly, the difference of the average of wholesale price per 1kg of pig carcass was approximately 257won. 5. The total of meat consumption per capital have been increasing with 28.80kg in 1996. The pork of meat consumption was 54 percentage. Accordingly, the pork has been important sources of meat, from now on. 6. The live pigs imported had been increased gradually up to 1995, however, decreased with 2,480 heads in 1996. These pigs imported have been mainly utilized as breeding animals for effective reproduction. 7. The pork imported has been showing rapid increment since establishment of WTO. In end of 1996, most porks were imported from Denmark, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, etc. 8. The pork exported showed increment of 158 percentage with 36,842ton in 1996 as compared with that in 1995.

양돈농가의 경영관리 및 분뇨처리실태 분석

김계웅,인광교,신연호,Kim, Gye-Woong,In, Kwang-Kyo,Shin, Yeun-Ho 한국축산환경학회 2012 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.18 No.1

본 조사연구는 충남의 번식돈과 비육돈 농장을 포함한 전업규모 100개 양돈장을 대상으로 경영관리 실태와 분뇨처리 시스댐을 조사 분석하여 합리적인 경영관리 지표설정과 적정 분뇨처리시스템 모델 개발에 필요한 기초척 자료를 얻고자 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째는, 양돈장 경영관리중 평균 전문컨설팅 참여는 1년에 "4.56회"를 받는 것으로 조사되었고, 농장별 및 경력층간에는 유의한 차이없이 비슷한 수준으로 교육참여횟수를 보였다. 백신예방접종프로그램은 5점 만점 중 "3.86점"으로 보통이상 수준이었다. 번식돈과 비육돈 농장간에는 유의한 차이를 보였는데, 번식돈 농장이 4.13점으로 비육돈 농장 3.63점 보다 유의하게(p<0.01) 우수한 성적을 보였다. 방역위생관리는 평균 "3.27점"으로 보통수준으로 관리되고 있으며, 농장간에는 번식돈농장이 3.50점으로 비육돈 농장 3.07점 보다 유의하게(p<0.01) 양호한 관리상태를 보였다. 자금관리는 평균 "2.82점"으로 보통 이하 수준으로 운영되고 있어 사업계획이나 자금경영관리를 연간수요에 따라 집행되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 기술력 보유수준은 평균 "3.21점"으로 보통이상의 수준으로 평가 되었는데, 장차 축산국가와의 FTA 등에 대비한 기술 경쟁력확보에 최선을 다해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 둘째는, 양돈장에서 경쟁력 강화분야로는 "돼지의 질병과 치료"를 가장 희망하였고(43.4%), 그 다음은 친환경 생산관리(37.4%) 기술을 더욱 강화해야 할 것으로 뽑고 있었다. 셋째는, 양돈장의 분뇨수거시스템은 대부분의 농장에서 "슬러리시스템(44.0%)과 스크래퍼법(43.0%)"으로 돼지분뇨를 수거하는 것으로 조사되었는데, 농장여건에 따라 적절한 수거 시스템을 설치하여 활용하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 사료된다. 넷째는, 돼지 분뇨처리는 많은 농장에서 "수거후 경지환원"을 가장 많이 이용(32.3%)하는 것으로 나타나, 분뇨의 저장기간, 온도, 방법 등 효율적인 처리방법과 적정 작목선정을 통한 경지환원이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로는 친환경 자연순환시스템으로 경지에 환원하여 지력보전과 함께 우량 경종작물이 성장 할 수 있도록 자연순환형 분뇨처리와 이용 시스템이 구축되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. This study was carried out to investigate the current status of management skill such as participation of consulting, vaccination program, financial projects, etc, and manures treatment system in pig farms. Data surveyed from a total of 100 farms including reproductive sow and fattening pig were collected and analyzed. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Farmers participated in consulting education of 4.56 times per a year. Evaluation of vaccination program was 3.86 of 5 points. The control of hygiene and disinfection was evaluated with the average of 3.27 points. Financial management showed the low level with 2.82 points. And then, the level of technical skill on raising was evaluated with average of 3.21 points. 2. The fields of competitive strength in farms, first of all, were the disease disinfection and therapy for pigs (43.4%). Secondly, farmers answered the productive skill for environmental-friendly animal products (37.4%). 3. Collection systems of manures were mainly used the slurry system (44.0%), and scraper method (43.0%) in pig farms, respectively. 4. Manures collected from farms have been treated and utilized with form of land-return after organic matters resolution (32.3%).