UAE(United Arab Emirates)의 정치발전과 이슬람

금상문 ( Sang Moon Kum ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2005 중동연구 Vol.23 No.1

사우디아라비아의 종교엘리트와 부족주의 연구

금상문(Kum Sang-Moon) 한국중동학회 2007 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.28 No.1

  This study illuminates the relationship between religious elites and tribalism in the Saudi Arabia. So, this study illuminates the structure of religious elites and identities religious elite both establishment religious elites and non establishment elites in saudi arabia are overall studied. Namely after establishment of Saudi Arabian state in arabia peninsula, general religious elite"s roles which carrie out religious doctrine so called Wahhabism with Saudi Arabia kingdom, are examined. In this result, establishment religious elites in Saudi Arabia combine with the political power, while non establishment religious elites oppose with royal government.<BR>  In general, concerning establishment and non establishment religious elites thinking about the tribalism, establishment religious elites follow the Rashid Rida"s doctrine namely harmony between Islam and tribalism, while non establishment religious elite ignore between Islam and tribalism.<BR>  And concerning power about relationship between religious elite and tribal elite, after establishment saudi arabia state, religious elite replace from Hijaz region to Najd region. this phenomenon is maintained until nowadays.<BR>  And concerning, what is religious elite"s main issues, this paper deals with issues about relationship between religious elite and tribalism especially legitimacy establishment of the royal families and ethic formation, conciliation of conflicts.

리비아의 국가정체성과 외교정책 -구성주의를 중심으로-

금상문 ( Sang Moon Kum ) 국제지역학회 2007 국제지역연구 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구는 구성주의적 시각으로 리비아의 국가정체성과 외교정책과의 관계와 사례를 다룬다. 리비아 국가정체성과 외교정책 연구는 리비아의 역사, 사회, 문화, 더 나아가 현재의 중동 정세를 이해하는 데 필수 불가결의 요소이다. 연구는 처음 정체성에 대한 개념 정리부터 시작된다. 다음으로 리비아 국가정체성을 구성하고 있는 이슬람정체성, 국민정체성, 아랍정체성이 다루어진다. 이러한 정체성에 관한 문화들은 자체적으로 시행되고, 바꾸어지기가 어렵다. 그러나 정체성에 관한 문화가 일단 확립되면 즉 다른 말로 사회적으로 공유된 정체성(socially-shared identity)이 존재하면 이성적 방법으로 행동하는 것은 가능하다. 이때 정체성은 이익을 구체화시킨다. 이익이 확립되면 행위자는 목적을 달성하기 위하여 합리적으로 행동한다. 21세기에 들어와 리비아의 외교정책기조는 아프리카연합 창설, 아랍통합 및 아랍-마그레브연합 활성화, 사헬-사하라 그룹 협력 강화, 대미국 및 서구관계 정상화를 표방하고 있다. 즉 중동문제와 관련, 2001년 3월 아랍정상회의 때 카다피는 이스라엘과 팔레스타인이 공존하는 1개국가안 창설을 비공식 제시한데 이어, 2002년 3월 백서(White Book)라는 이름으로 1개 국가창설을 정식 공표하였다. 이는 팔레스타인 난민 귀환 후 총선 실시를 통해 이스라엘과 팔레스타인이 공존하는 국가(일명 Isratine)를 건설하자는 것이다. 또 1998년 창설한 사헬-사하라 지역 그룹(Community of Sahel-Sahara States: 아랍어로 Sin Sad) 내 협력 증진 및 아프리카 통합 실현의 핵심적 역할 수행을 위해 리비아는 활발히 활동하고 있다. 한편 최근 이라크 사태, 이스라엘과 ·팔레스타인 문제 등에 대한 아랍권의 미온적 대응 등에 대해 리비아는 불만을 가졌고, 그래서 2004년 5월 22일부터 23일까지 튀니지에서 개최된 아랍연맹정상회의에 참석 중이던 카다피는 돌연 정상회의 참석을 보이콧하면서 아랍연맹 탈퇴를 시사하였고, 이후 2007년 사우디아라비 아에서 열린 아랍정상회의에 리비아는 불참을 통보하였다. 이처럼 정체성이 외교정책에 바탕이 되고 있으며 정체성 변화에 따라 외교정책도 변하고 있다 The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate a Constructivist understanding of foreign policy. So, this paper presents relationship between Libya`s state identities and foreign policies. For the purpose of studying, constructivism viewpoint mainly Wendt`s theory shall be applied because that Libya`s Identities has been changed from Arab Identity to Africa Identity. And the scope of this paper is dealt with the emphasis on Qadhafi`s administration. Ultimately, below hypothesis shall be illuminated. The more scope of state identity is weak, the more foreign policy is cooperative, While, The more scope of state identity is strong, the more foreign policy is harden and extremity cause a state to isolate.

미국의 “대 중동구상”과 사우디아라비아의 대응 외교정책

금상문 ( Sang Moon Kum ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2007 중동연구 Vol.25 No.2

This paper illuminates decision making process and the adaptation and facing contents of Saudi Arabian foreign policies focusing on the Great Middle East Initiative of Bush administration. The America is only hegemonic state within the World System. The America forces western democracy and market economy to the Saudi Arabia. In total the Saudi Arabia. On the whole, the Saudi Arabian foreign policies were affected by the American Initiative policy at the same time the Saudi Arabia responses to the American Foreign policy. According to this analysis framework, the details of American Democracy, market economy, War against Terrorism in the Saudi Arabia are studied. In this contest the Saudi Arabia accepts the American Initiative. For example, the Saudi Arabia proclaims the War against the terrorism. So the Saudi Arabia continues to reform within the scope of Islamic values. While the American foreign policies like the Middle East Initiative have not effect on reform of the Saudi Arabia because of saudi`s dependence on oil, the weak of political will, the opposition of outside interferences. Namely the pursuit of the interest, the pursuit of independent security, the cooperation with GCC states, cooperation with European states and Asian states are principals of Saudi Arabian foreign polices within relative autonomy.

자본주의 세계질서의 내재적 역동성과 전망

금상문(Kum, Sang-Moon) 동아시아국제정치학회 2002 국제정치연구 Vol.5 No.1

사우디아라비아의 부족주의 연구 - 정치엘리트와 부족주의 관계

금상문(Kum Sang-Moon) 한국중동학회 2006 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.27 No.1

  The word "tribalism" refer to two related but distinct concepts. The first concept is a social system. The other concept to which the word "tribalism" refers is the possession of a strong ethnic identity that separates oneself as a member of one group from the members of another. In this context, this study illuminates tribalism in the Saudi Arabia especially the relationship between political elites and tribalism.<BR>  So, characters and stands of tribes in saudi arabia are overall studied. And after establishment of saudi arabian state in arabia peninsula, general political power which carries out political functions is examined. In this result, the political power is appeared through the saud family, and this political power controls the tribe powers.<BR>  And power elites are studied. Namely, limited families and tribes are filled up as power elites specially as political elites. and they control the saudi arabian state and society.<BR>  In general, saudi arabian political elites from the royal family encourage saudi arabian national to saudi arabian nationalism in order to establish the legitimacy. And Saudi Arabia Government uses the tribalism as a governmental means. And saudi arabian royal political elites hold the regional election within not disturb the scope of the political order, but the resurrectional Islamists participate the regional election. So political elites in Saudi Arabia were frustrated to use tribalism. In this result, a dilemma is occurred to establish democracy. And political elites of none royal family encourage the state sprits and nationalism.<BR>  While political elites like provincial members feel the dilemma between the tribalism and statism. But provincial members follow the statism seeking the identity of tribalism.

이슬람 슈라와 서구 민주주의 비교 : 사우디아라비아에서 이슬람 슈라 원칙 적용을 중심으로

금상문 ( Sang Moon Kum ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2010 중동연구 Vol.28 No.2

The aim of this article is to compare western democracy principles and Islamic Shura principles. In this context, this article deals with the concepts of the western democracy and Islamic Shura. Namely Justice, Liberty, Equality, Dignity of Human are dealt within the concept of the western democracy and Islamic Shura. In particular, the principles of the western democracy and the Islamic Shura; origin of sovereignty, government of state, constitutionalism, concentration and decentralization of power, decision by majority are dealt. And this article deals with the harmony of the western democracy and islamic Shura. And in the context of the comparison, the case of the Saudi Arabia is studied because Shura Concil of the Saudi Arabia is established in 1993 based on the Islam and Western democracy which America forces to the Saudi Arabia.

모로코 이마지겐 정체성의 사회 및 정치적 기능 -자마아를 중심으로-

금상문 ( Sang Moon Kum ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2012 중동연구 Vol.30 No.3

The Imazighen (The Amazigh people : so called Berbers) are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. This paper deals the social and political identities of the Imazighen, and this paper raises the questions about what is the functions of Imazighen identities. The studies of the imazighen deal in historical books and the relationship between Imazighen and Islam or Arab, but there are rare studies about Imazighen Identies and institutions. This paper deals with identities, common societies, social environment and institutions based on the paradigm of the Max Weber. First of all, the suvey of Imazighen is dealt. And Morocco Imazighen have regional identity, language identity, religion identity, especially Morocco Imazighen devide into the Suluh Imazighen, the Rif Imazighen, the Middle Attas Imazighen or Sahrawi Imazighen, the Zayane Imazighen, the Harratin Imazighen. And this paper dealt with that Morocco Imazighen consider their social and political identities based the blood and their institutions. This blood and institutions concentrate jama` institution into identities. And this identities lead into the social solidarity and union. And this paper is discussed Amghar, Anehkam, Amshshardu, Amghar n targa, Amaghar n usais etc. Especially, Imazighen social and political identities is functioned as the democracy. Namely, several institutions of the Imazighen serve as the function of the democracy in the decision making and the management of the procedures.

영문 : 모로코 자이얀 아마지그 관습법 내 형법 연구

금상문 ( Sang Moon Kum ) 국제지역학회 2012 국제지역연구 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구는 문헌조사와 2012년 1월 26일부터 2월 26일까지 수행한 현지조사를 바탕으로 모로코 이마지겐(흔히 말하는 베르베르의 복수)들의 관습법 중 형법 내용을 밝히는데 있는데, 특히 본 연구는 모로코 아틀란스 산맥 중부에 거주하고 있는 지아얀이마지겐의 형법내용을 밝히고자 한다. 즉 모로코 이마지겐의 관습법 즉 이즈레프 내에서 형법체계와 형법내용은 어떠한가를 밝히고, 자이얀 이마지겐 형법체계는 모로코 현행법과 어떠한 관계에 있고, 그 위상은 어떠한 가를 밝히고 자 한다, 본 논문은 자마아를 통하여 이루어지는 이마지겐 형법의 기초가 되는 개인의 도덕적 가치와 사회의 도덕적 가치에 기반을 둔 정의의 개념을 다룬다. 이마지겐 관습법 상의 정의는 아네흐캄이라는 제도에 의하여 실현된다. 이후 이 논문은 이마지겐 관습법 내 형법의 기반과 범죄와 형벌의 종류를 다룬다. 이와 함께 토지 및 결혼에 관련된 범죄와 형벌이 다루어진다. 이후 이 논문은 형벌에 관한 모코로의 실정법에 기초한 형벌과 이마지겐 관습법에 기초한 형벌이 다루어지면서 그 차이점도 함께 다루어진다. 즉 모로코의 형벌체계 내에서 이마지겐 형벌이 작동되고 있음이 밝혀진다. 이러한 맥락에서 이마지겐 형벌 체계는 모로코 실정법 내의 형벌체계 내에서 점점 약해지고 있다는 것이 밝혀진다. 하지만 이마지겐 ``정체성 찾기`` 운동으로 점점 이마지겐 관습법 체계 내에서 형벌체계의 인식이 재고되고 있다는 것을 밝힌다. The Imazighen custom law system affects the Imazighen way of life. An Amazigh customary legal system has been set up over thousands of years in the North Africa covering all the aspects of life. In fact, there were custom laws regulating individual, collective, cultural and political life, and the system of ownership of lands, forests, waters and minerals, and penalties for crimes, for example, criminal code, libel, theft, commit adultery, marriage etc. And this paper deals with the types of the penalties for crimes in the Imazghen customary law. Namely this paper deals with the bases of the criminal code, the types of crimes and penalties including diya(reparation) against body demage, libel, theft, faithless marriage, and commit adultery, marriage and the other penalties in the Imazighen custom laws. And this paper deals with the difference between Imazighen Custom Law and Moroccan Law of the penalties for crimes. In this context, the Imazighen customary law is weaken because the Moroccan government forces the Imazighen to obey the Moroccan positive law including the penalties of crime. In conclusion, recently the Imazighen penalty system is recognized due to the Imazighen identity movement.

사우디아라비아 내 수니 와하비즘과 시아파 관계 연구

금상문(Kum Sang Moon) 한국중동학회 2018 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.39 No.2

This paper dealt that how the relation is unfolding between Sunni Wahabism and Shia sect in Saudi Arabia. And this paper dealt that how the religious awareness and religious discrimination against Shia sect is unfolding in Saudi Arabia. To illuminate the questions, the methodologies are based on historical approach, literature research, field survey. In particular, the application theory of this paper is based on stigma theory, labeling effect, alienation and anomy theory. The main body is divided into early labeling, mid-labeling, labeling settlement, and labeling deepening depending on the degree of persecution of Saudi Arabia Wahabism in Saudi Arabia. According to the survey, the degree of religious persecution of Saudi Arabia and Wahabism in Saudi Arabia is getting worse. As a result, the resistance of the Shiites in Saudi Arabia to the Wahabi government is getting stronger. In this situation, if the current Saudi Arabian king Salman politically integrates Saudi Shia into the Saudi people, discrimination will end, but the king is still facing a dilemma.