난황유를 이용한 단감 흰가루병 방제

권진혁,이흥수,최성태,심창기,지형진,Kwon, Jin-Hyeuk,Lee, Heung-Su,Choi, Seong-Tae,Shim, Chang-Ki,Jee, Hyeong-Jin 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

2010년부터 2011년까지 2년 동안 경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소 포장에서 단감 흰가루병(P. kakicola)을 방제하기 위하여 난황유를 3회 지상부에 살포한 다음 5일 후 병해 방제효과를 검정하였다. 난황유 처리구에서 병반 면적율을 조사한 결과 13.4%였으며, 단감 흰가루병에 대한 방제효율은 80.5%이었다. 무처리구에서 68.6% 발생하였다. 난황유를 처리한 후 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 흰가루병의 균사는 형태적으로 세포가 원형질막이 파괴되어 세포내용물이 소실되어 쭈그러졌다. 이것은 난황유가 흰가루병의 세포벽이나 세포막을 파괴하여 생긴 것으로 사료된다. Cooking oil and yolk mixture (COY) was applied to control the powdery mildew of sweet persimmon at the research field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services from 2010 to 2011. COY was sprayed three times with 10 days interval on foliar parts of sweet persimmon and the disease development was monitored after 5 days of final spray. Diseased leaf area rate was 13.4% and the control efficacy of COY against powdery mildew was 80.5%. Disease rate was 68.6% on negative control. Using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the morphological changes of the powdery mildew fungus on the leaf surface were observed. On COY-treated leaves, fungal mycellia were morphologically characterized by a loss in cell volume, shriveling, plasma membrane rupture, and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. It may due to the destruction of fungal cell wall or membrane structure.

Trichothecium roseum에 의한 배 분홍빛썩음병 발생

권진혁,이흥수,최시림,조용조,최옥희,조현숙,심창기,Kwon, Jin-Hyeuk,Lee, Heung-Su,Choi, Si-Lim,Cho, Cho-Yong,Choi, Ok-Hee,Cho, Hyeoun-Suk,Shim, Chang-Ki 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.3

2012년 10월 경상남도 진주시 농가포장에 재배중인 성숙기 배 과실에서 분홍빛썩음병이 발생하였다. 병징은 배 과실 표면이 수침상으로 물러지고 썩으면서 그 위에 분홍빛 곰팡이가 많이 형성되었다. 균총의 색깔은 처음에 흰색이고 배양기간이 경과됨에 따라 배지 표면에 분홍빛의 분생포자가 많이 형성되었다. 균사생육 적온은 $25^{\circ}C$이었다. 분생포자의 모양은 서양배형이며 좌우 지그자그로 부착하며 성숙한 분생포자는 2세포로 되어있다. 크기는 $10{\sim}22(34){\times}6{\sim}10(12){\mu}m$이었다. 분생자경은 균사표면에 직립으로 형성하고, 폭이 4~5 ${\mu}m$이고 무색이었다. 동정을 확실시하기 위해 rDNA의 complete internal transcribed spacer(ITS) 영역의 염기서열을 분석하였고, 분석된 염기서열(613 bp)을 BLASTN 프로그램으로 확인한 결과, T. roseum(GenBank accession no. JQ898156)와 99%의 상동성을 나타내었다. 이와 같이 배에서 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 기초로 하여 이 병을 Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link ex Gray에 의한 배 분홍빛썩음병으로 명명하고자 제안한다. A severe pink mold rot on matured asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehder) fruit occurred in the organic farmers' orchard in Jinju, Korea in October, 2012. Decay of pear fruit appeared as a softened water-soaked symptom that was easily punctured by pressure. Later pink mycelium appeared on the surface of pear fruit and produced a mass of powdery pink conidia spores. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of T. roseum was $25^{\circ}C$. Conidia showed hyaline, smooth, 2-celled, thick-walled with truncate bases, ellipsoidal to pyriform, and characteristically held together zig-zag chains and $10{\sim}22(34){\times}6{\sim}10(12){\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophore was erect, colorless, unbranched type, and 4-5 ${\mu}m$ width. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and molecular identification with the ITS region, the causal fungus was identified as Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link ex Gray.

감나무 둥근무늬낙엽병의 발생과 병원균(Mycosphaerella nawae)의 전염원 동태

권진혁,박창석,Kwon, Jin-Hyeuk,Park, Chang-Seuk 한국식물병리학회 2004 식물병연구 Vol.10 No.4

The circular leaf spot of persimmon is occurred almost every place where persimmon is cultivated, especially the disease outbreak severely in southern part of Korea. The disease reveals unusually long incubation period after pathogen invade into leaf tissue and no practical control measure is available once the symptom has appeared. Most of the farmers just follow the suggested spray schedules calculated on the basis of weather condition of ordinary years. Therefore the damages due to circular leaf spot greatly differ year after year. In this article, we tried to describe and summarized the investigation on the circular leaf spot pathogen, Mycosphaerella nawae, related to disease outbreak such as overwintering of pathogen, inoculum formation and spread, incubation period after infection, and secondary inoculum. With the summary of these results, we suggest the disease cycle of circular leaf spot of persimmon. The pathogen overwinters in diseased leaves as mycelial form or pseudoperithecial premodium. The pseudoperitheria become matured in spring as the temperature raise and forms asci and ascospores. The maturation of pseudoperithecia are closely related to the temperatures during March and early April. The ascospores completely mature in early May and the ascospores released when the pseudoperithecia absorbed enough moisture after rainfall. The release of ascospores are diverse greatly with the variation of maturity of pseudoperithecia. Generally the spore start to release from middle of May to early of July. Duration of ascospore release is depend on the weather condition of particular year, especially amount and number of precipitation. The ascospores produced from pseudoperithecia is known to the only inoculum for circular leaf spot disease. But according to the results obtained from our investigations, the conidia formed on the lesions which incited by natural infection. This conidia are infectious to persimmon leaves and formed identical symptom as natural infection. The time of producing secondary inoculum of circular leaf spot of persimmon is considered too late to develop new disease. Generally the importance of secondary inoculum is low but the conidia produced in early September are competent to develop new disease and new infection also significantly affect to harvest of persimmon. The importance of circular leaf spot disease is recognized well to farmers. The approaches to control of the disease should be initiated on the basis of the knowledges of inoculum dynamics and ecology of disease development. The forecasting system for circular leaf spot is need to be developed.

Penicillium crustosum에 의한 감 푸른곰팡이병 발생

권진혁,박창석,Kwon, Jin-Hyeuk,Park, Chang-Seuk 한국식물병리학회 2003 식물병연구 Vol.9 No.4

A severe fruit rot of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv: Fuyu) was occurred during the storage and transport that infected with blue mold in Sweet Persimmon Experiment Station, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Korea. Fruit surfaces were infected with the fungus first and the colonized fungus formed mycelial mats. From the point of infection, fruits become collapsed and mostly ruptured. The pathogenic fungus from infected fruits was isolated and cultured on PDA. Colony color of the fungus was white at frist than became green on Malt Extract Agar and Czapek Yeast Extract Agar. Conidia were ellipsoid subglobose and 2.6${\sim}$3.8 ${\times}$ 2.4${\sim}$3.8 ${\mu}m$ in size. Stipes were 86${\sim}$320 ${\times}$ 2.8${\sim}$4.3 ${\mu}m$ in size. Rami were 7.5${\sim}$32.6 ${\times}$ 2.6${\sim}$4.2 ${\mu}m$ in size, Ramuli were 12.4${\sim}$14.8 ${\times}$ 3.2${\sim}$3.8 ${\mu}m$ in size, Metulae were 8.9${\sim}$13.6 ${\times}$ 2.8${\sim}$4.6 ${\mu}m$ in size. Phialides were ampulliform, 8.2${\sim}$12.4 ${\times}$ 2.3${\sim}$3.6 ${\mu}m$ in size. Based on the cultural and mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as s, This is the first report on the blue mold of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) caused by P. crustosum in Korea. 저장 및 유통중인 과실이 약간 함몰되면서 부패되고 그위에 푸른곰팡이가 심하게 발생하였다. MEA배지에서 균총의 색깔은 처음 흰색에서 푸른색을 띄며 분생포자를 아주 많이 형성하였다. 분생포자의 모양은 타원형 또는 아구형이고 크기가 2.6${\sim}$3.8${\times}$2.4${\sim}$3.8 ${\mu}m$이었다. 분생포자병은 균사표면으로부터 형성되고, Stipes의 크기가 86${\sim}$320${\times}$2.8${\sim}$4.3 ${\mu}m$로 가늘고 길며, Rami의 크기가 7.5${\sim}$32.6${\times}$2.6${\sim}$4.2 ${\mu}m$, Ramuli의 크기가 12.4${\sim}$14.8${\times}$3.2${\sim}$3.8 ${\mu}m$, Matulae의 크기는 8.9${\sim}$13.6${\times}$2.8${\sim}$4.6 ${\mu}m$이고, Phialide는 침상이고 크기가 8.2${\sim}$12.4${\times}$2.3${\sim}$3.6 ${\mu}m$이었다. 균사생육적온은 $25^{\circ}C$였다. 분리된 병원균을 건전한 감에 접종한 결과 동일한 병원성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 이 병을 Penicillium crustosum에 의한 감 푸른곰팡이 병으로 명명할 것을 제안한다.

Alternaria tenuissima에 의한 잠두 점무늬병

권진혁,박창석,Kwon, Jin-Hyeuk,Park, Chang-Seuk 한국식물병리학회 2002 식물병연구 Vol.8 No.2

2002년 경상남도 남해군 창선면 잠두 재배포장에서 잎, 줄기, 꼬투리에 점무늬병이 심하게 발생하였다. 병징은 잎에 작은 둥근 점무늬가 나타나고 동심윤문을 형성하며 담갈색의 원형병반이 확대되면서 부정형으로 되고 괴사되면서 심할 경우 낙엽된다. 분생포자는 단생 또는 연쇄상으로 형성되며 모양은 긴타원형, 가늘고 긴 난형 또는 곤봉형으로 횡격막이 4~10개, 종격막이 1~2개가 있다. 색깔은 담황록색 또는 갈색이다. 크기는 25~61.3$\times$7.2~16.8$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이었다. 분생자병은 단생 또는 총생이며 담갈색이고, 크기는 18~113$\times$3~6 $\mu\textrm{m}$이었다. 균사생육 적온은 3$0^{\circ}C$이었다. 잠두 잎에 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 Alternaria tenuissima에 의한 잠두 점무늬병으로 명명하고자 제안한다. Leaf spot disease was found on broad bean (vicia faba) in several farmer's fields located in Changseon-myon, Namhae-gun, Gyeongnam province, Korea. The typical symptoms of the disease were appeared on leaves, stems and pods. The infection rates of the disease in the surveyed area were ranged from 8.4 to 46.8%. Colonies formed on PDA were developed aerial hyphae with grayish white, which later turned olive-green to black. Conidia were dark brown in color, long ellipsoid to elongated ovoid, obclavate and 23.7~61.3$\times$7.2~16.8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Septa were 4~10 transvers, 1~2 longitudinal or oblique. Conidiophores were solitary or fascicles and 18~113$\times$3~6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. The optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was about 3$0^{\circ}C$. This is the first report on the leaf spot of broad bean caused by Alternaria tenuissima in Korea.

단문(短文) : Rhizopus stolonifer에 의한 바나나 무름병 발생

권진혁 ( Jin Hyeuk Kwon ) 한국균학회 2007 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.35 No.1

단보 : Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 설악초 흰비단병

권진혁 ( Jin Hyeuk Kwon ),강동완 ( Dong Wan Kang ),김민근 ( Min Keun Kim ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.3

Stem rot symptoms of Euphorbia marginata were occurred in the herb exhibition field at Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea. The typical symptom was started with water-soaking lesion on the stem then gradually rotted, wilted, and blighted, the severely infected plants were eventually died. The sclerotia of the pathogen were globoid in shape, 1~3mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on PDA was 30˚C. The hyphal width was 4~9 μm. and the typical clamp connection structures were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of stem rot on E. marginata caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

단문 : Colletotrichum gloeosporioides에 의한 조팝나무 탄저병

권진혁 ( Jin Hyeuk Kwon ),이찬중 ( Chan Jung Lee ),박창석 ( Chang Seuk Park ) 한국균학회 2005 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Sclerotium rolfsii 에 의한 잠두 흰비단병 발생

권진혁(Jin Hyeuk Kwon),김태성(Tae Sung Kim),강수웅(Soo Woong Kang),박창석(Chang Seuk Park) 한국균학회 2001 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

N/A

단보 : Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 옥숫 흰비단병 발생

권진혁 ( Jin Hyeuk Kwon ),강동완 ( Dong Wan Kang ),이홍수 ( Heung Su Lee ),최시림 ( Si Lim Choi ),이상대 ( Sang Dae Lee ),조현숙 ( Hyeoun Suk Cho ) 한국균학회 2013 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.41 No.3

2011년 7월 경상남도농업기술원 시험포장에서 S. rolfsii에 의한 옥수수 흰비단병 증상이 발생되었다. 병징은 줄기가 수침상으로 물러지고 갈색으로 변함ㄴ서 시들어 말라 죽는다. 병반부와 토양 표면에 흔색의 곰팡이가 발생하며 갈색의 작은 둥근 균핵이 형성되었다. 감자한천배지에서 균총은 흰색이고 잘 자라며 갈색의 작은 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였다. 균핵의 크기는 1~3mm이며 균사의 폭은 4~8μm였다. 균사생육과 균핵형성 적온은 30℃이었다. 균사 특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 옥수수에서 발생한 병진과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 조사한 결과, 이 병을 Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo에 의한 옥수수 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 제안한다. The sclerotium rot of corn (Zea mays L.) occurred sporadically at the experimental field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in July 2011. The infected stems were water-soaked, wilted, and finally led to the death of the whole plants. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on stem and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, white to brown in color and 1-3 mm in size. The hyphal width was 4-8 urn. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on PDA was 30 on PDA. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of sclerotium rot on corn caused by s. rolfsii in Korea.