복수주체에 의한 특허발명의 실시와 공동침해 규정의 도입방안

권지현 경희대학교 법학연구소 2021 경희법학 Vol.56 No.1

SW patents on programs or artificial intelligence(AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT), etc. are not limited to information and communication technology(ICT), but are often applied to artificial intelligence in the production or manufacture of medicines or chemicals, autonomous driving, and medical devices. As to claims for these SW patents, most of them are method inventions or system object inventions consisting of multiple elements, such as typically "…step, …means, …function". The issue of infringement of such patent rights is directly infringed when all of the multiple elements are implemented, but when implemented by multiple subjects, such as operators, users, or multiple operators on the network, the issue is whether the joint implementation action of multiple subjects constitutes the direct infringement. There is a regulation on the direct infringement implementing all the elements described in claims and the indirect infringement implementing a part of the elements in the current patent law, but there is no regulation that recognizes the joint direct infringement of multiple subjects. Further as to the indirect infringement there is a problem that the effective patent protection is not being achieved due to the "exclusive goods without other uses" requirement of "only in practice" in the corresponding patent invention. In precedents and theories, if multiple elements described in claims are jointly implemented by multiple subjects, the objective joint theory can be recognized, but still, there is a limit to holding them responsible for joint illegal activities under the civil law because the implementation action of each element should correspond to illegal activities. Therefore, for the effective protection of patent rights composed of multiple elements, Article 94 of the Patent Act (Effect of Patent Rights) needs to establish a new regulation that recognizes the implementation action of multiple subjects as a joint direct infringement, in addition to the requirement of exclusive goods only for patent inventions in Article 127 (Acts considered infringement), it is necessary to introduce regulations that can recognize the indirect infringement of general goods under preconditions implemented as a business, knowing that it is a patent infringement. 프로그램 또는 인공지능(AI), 사물인터넷(IoT) 등에 관한 SW특허는 단순히 정보통신기술(ICT)에 한정되는 것이 아니라 의약품이나 화학물질의 생성 또는 제조, 자율주행, 의료기기 등에 AI를 적용한 것이 많다. 이러한 SW특허의 청구항에는 일반적으로 “…단계, …수단, …기능”과 같이 복수의 구성요소로 이루어진 방법발명이나 시스템물건발명이 대부분이다. 이러한 특허권의 침해문제는 복수의 구성요소 전부를 실시하는 경우에 직접침해가 성립하지만, 네트워크상에서 사업자 또는 이용자, 복수의 사업자와 같이 복수주체에 의하여 실시되는 경우, 그 복수주체의 공동실시행위가 직접침해를 구성하는 것인지가 쟁점이 되고 있다. 현행 특허법에는 청구항에 기재된 구성요소 전부를 실시하는 직접침해와 구성요소 일부를 실시하는 간접침해에 관한 규정이 있지만, 복수주체의 공동실시에 대한 공동직접침해를 인정하는 규정은 없다. 또 간접침해에서도 당해 특허발명의 ‘실시에만’이라는 ‘타용도가 없는 전용품’ 요건으로 인하여 실효적 특허보호가 이루어지지 못하고 있는 문제점이 있다. 판례 및 학설에서는 청구항에 기재된 복수의 구성요소를 복수주체가 공동실시를 하는 경우 객관적 공동설에 따라 인정될 수 있으나 여전히 각자 구성요소의 실시행위가 불법행위에 해당해야 하므로 민법상의 공동불법행위책임을 묻는 것도 한계가 있다. 따라서 복수의 구성요소로 이루어진 특허권의 실효적 보호를 위하여 특허법 제94조(특허권의 효력)에 복수주체에 의한 실시행위를 공동직접침해로 인정하는 규정을 신설할 필요가 있고, 또 제127조(침해로 보는 행위)에 특허발명에만 실시한다는 전용품 요건 이외에도 특허침해인 것을 알면서 업으로 실시한다는 전제조건 하에서 범용품도 간접침해로 인정할 수 있는 규정을 도입할 필요가 있다.

마비사시 소아 환자에 대한 증례 보고 1례

권지현,김경민,유선애,Kweon, Ji Hyeon,Kim, Kyeong Min,Yu, Sun Ae 대한한방소아과학회 2020 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Korean medicine on treating paralytic strabismus in childhood. Methods We treated a 4-years-old patient who was diagnosed with paralytic strabismus with herbal medicine, laser acupuncture, T-acupuncture and moxibustion. Results After 5 months of the Korean medicine treatment, the child's strabismus, diplopia, and limitation of abduction were improved. There was no recurrence of the symptoms for 1 year and 4 months. Conclusions Korean medicine treatment can be effective in improving symptoms of paralytic strabismus. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the treatment benefits to abducens nerve palsy.

한국 조각보와 색동의 회화적 변용을 통한 문화상품 개발

권지현 한국일러스트레이션학회 2024 일러스트레이션 포럼 Vol.25 No.78

연구는 한국 조각보와 색동의 회화적 변용을 통한 문화상품 개발에 목적을 두었으며, 연구 방법으로 문헌 연구와 실증 연구를 실시하였다. 문헌 연구에서는 조각보, 색동, 회화적 변용을 고찰하였고, 실증 연구에서는 미니 아트피스와 스카프가 한 세트로 구성된 문화상품 6세트를 개발하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선행 연구 분석을 통해 다양성, 독자성, 확장성으로 요약되는 회화적 변용의 특성을 파악하였다. 다양성은 회화적 변용의 소재, 범위 등이 다양함을 의미하며, 독자성은 작가의 독창적 스타일과 표현 방식을 통해 회화적 변용의 결과물이 고유한 가치를 확보하게 됨을 의미한다. 확장성은 회화적 변용을 통해 조형성, 의미, 매체, 공간 등에서 확장이 이루어 짐을 의미한다. 둘째, 회화적 변용의 특성을 문화상품 개발에 적용함으로써, 전통문화의 범위에 전통적 가치를 지닌 동시대의 문화자원까지 포함하여 더 다양한 표현을 이끌고, 연구자의 독창적 스타일과 표현 방식에 의한 독자적 결과물을 창출하고, 표현 매체를 확장할 수 있었다. 이 연구는 이전 문화상품 연구에서 시도되지 않았던 회화적 변용을 탐구하여 전통 문화자원의 활용 가치를 확대하는 구체적인 방법론을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. This study aimed to develop cultural products through the pictorial transfiguration of Korean jogakbo and saekdong. Research methods included literature research and experiential research. In the literature research, jogakbo, saekdong, and pictorial transfiguration were examined. In the experiential research, 6 sets of cultural products consisting of a miniature art piece and a scarf were developed. The results of the study are as follows: First, through an analysis of previous research, the characteristics of pictorial transfiguration, summarized as diversity, uniqueness, and expandability, were identified. Diversity means that the materials and scope of pictorial transfiguration are diverse. Uniqueness means that the result of pictorial transfiguration secures unique value through the artist's original style and expression method. Expandability means expansion in formativeness, meaning, medium, space, etc., through pictorial transfiguration. By applying the characteristics of pictorial transfiguration to the development of cultural products, it was possible to lead to more diverse expressions by including contemporary cultural resources with traditional values in the scope of traditional culture. Furthermore, unique results were created based on the researcher's original style and expression method, and the expression medium was expanded in the process of developing cultural products. This study is significant in that it presents a specific methodology to expand the utility value of traditional cultural resources by exploring pictorial transfiguration, which had not been attempted in previous cultural product research.

The Effect of Disability on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma in Korea: A National Cohort Study

권지현,김소영,엽경은,한혜숙,이기형,신동욱,김연용,박종헌,박종혁 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.1

Purpose This study aimed to determine whether the diagnosis, treatment approach, and prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) vary according to the presence and type of disability. Materials and Methods Demographic, socioeconomic, and medical data were obtained from the National Disability Database, the Korean Central Cancer Registry, and the Korean National Health Insurance claims database. An age- and sex-matched cohort was established using a 1:3 ratio constituted with 2,776,450 people with disabilities and 8,329,350 people without disabilities. Adult patients diagnosed with MM were subsequently selected from this cohort. Disabilities were categorized as physical, communication, intellectual or psychological, and affecting the major internal organs. Results The cohort included 4,090 patients with MM, with a significantly lower rate per 100,000 persons among people with disabilities than among people without disabilities (29.1 vs. 39.4, p < 0.001). People with disabilities were more likely to undergo dialysis treatment at the time of diagnosis (16.3% vs. 10.0%, p < 0.001), but were less likely to undergo autologous stem cell transplantation (37.5% vs. 43.7%, p=0.072). This trend was more evident among patients with intellectual or psychological disabilities. The median overall survival among patients with disabilities was significantly shorter than that among patients without disabilities (36.8 months vs. 51.2 months, p < 0.001). Conclusion In Korea, people with disabilities generally have a lower rate of MM diagnosis, receive less intensive treatment, and have a lower survival rate than people without disabilities.

[건축계소식] 건축으로 바라본 제주도 외

권지현,김승일,김동현,송현진,현자연,조희정 대한건축학회 2021 建築 Vol.65 No.8

AI발명에 있어서 데이터의 물건특허 인정방안

권지현 서울시립대학교 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2021 서울법학 Vol.28 No.4

These days, various and special data are collected through sensors, cameras, or websites, and the data is accumulated, edited, stored, and managed. Data is not of great value simply by holding it, and high value can be created by using it for actual AI application businesses through processing and analysis. These data are very important components of the realization and implementation in AI inventions. In AI inventions, the technological concept to create a data structure for learning to process and learn data(origin data), derive optimal learning completion models(business models) by deep learning, and obtain final products(creation) by entering input data required for business purposes in that business model, is the main point. As such, the issue is whether data, which is an indispensable component of AI invention, can be protected by designating it as a patent target. In order to obtain a patent related to data under the current Patent Act, it should be described as (i) a generating method(method invention), a generating device (product invention) of data(data structure), (ii) methods and devices consisting of steps or means using data, (iii) a computer readable medium recording data having A structure, …. To learn and implement AI inventions, it requires data with a specific logical structure, not just data, and there is a case where ideas are embedded in those data. If the data with the idea is described at the end of the claim in claims, under the current patent law, data does not correspond to the product invention and there is no formality(validity) of invention and therefore it cannot be patented. Therefore, for effective patent protection of data, which is an important component of AI invention, it is necessary to stipulate that data is included in the products under Article 2-3 of the Patent Act, or to amend the examination criteria to be able to designate data as the product invention in claims such as the product invention of the program. 오늘날 센서나 카메라 또는 웹사이트 등을 통하여 다양하고 특수한 데이터가 수집되고, 그 데이터는 축적・편집되어 저장, 관리되고 있다. 데이터는 단순히 보유하는 것만으로는 큰 가치가 없고, 가공・분석 등을 통하여 실제 AI를 적용한 비즈니스에 이용함으로써 고부가가치를 창출 할 수 있다. 이러한 데이터는 AI발명의 구현 및 실시에 있어서 없어서 아니 되는 매우 중요한 구성요소이다. AI발명은 데이터(원천데이터)를 가공하여 학습할 수 있도록 학습용 데이터구조를 생성하고, 그 데이터구조에 의하여 딥러닝 학습에 의하여 최적의 학습완료모델(비즈니스모델)을 도출하고, 그 비즈니스모델에 사업목적에 필요한 입력데이터를 입력하여 최종 생성물(창작물)을 얻는 기술적사상을 요지로 하고 있다. 이와 같이, AI발명에 필수불가결한 구성요소인 데이터를 특허대상으로 특정하여 보호할 수 있는 것인지가 쟁점이 되고 있다. 현행 특허법상 데이터와 관련하여 특허를 받기 위해서는 (ⅰ) 데이터(데이터구조)의 생성방법(방법발명) 및 생성장치(물건발명), (ⅱ) 데이터를 이용한 …수단 또는 …단계로 이루어지는 장치 및 방법, (ⅲ) A 구조, …를 가진 데이터를 기록한 컴퓨터로 읽을 수 있는 매체(물건발명)로 기재해야 한다. AI발명을 구현하기 위해서는 단순한 데이터가 아니라 특정 논리적 구조를 가진 데이터이어야 하고, 그 데이터에는 아이디어가 내재되어 있는 경우가 있다. 만약 아이디어가 내재된 데이터를 청구범위의 청구항 말미에 기재하는 경우, 현행 특허법상으로는 데이터가 물건발명에 해당한다는 규정이 없으므로 발명의 성립성이 없어서 특허대상에 포함되지 않는다. 따라서 AI발명의 중요 구성요소인 데이터의 실효적 특허보호를 위하여, 특허법 제2조 제3호의 물건에 데이터를 포함하는 것으로 규정하거나 특허청예규인 심사기준에 프로그램의 물건발명과 같이 데이터를 물건발명으로 청구범위에 특정할 수 있도록 개정할 필요가 있다.

A Study on the Impact Behavior of Bulletproof Materials According to the Combining Method

권지현,유의상 한국고무학회 2022 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.57 No.4

Representative bulletproof materials, such as aramid or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE), have excellent strength and modulus in the plane direction but are very vulnerable to forces applied in the thickness direction. This paper reports a study on the effects of reinforcement in the thickness direction when bulletproof composite fabrics are prepared to improve their performance. Aramid and UHMWPE fabrics were combined using the film-bonding, needlepunching, or stitching methods and then subjected to low-velocity projectile and ball-drop impact tests. The results of the low-velocity projectile test indicated that the backface signature(BFS) decreased by up to 29.2% in fabrics obtained via the film-bonding method. However, the weight of the film-bonded fabric increased by approximately 23% compared with that obtained by simple lamination, and the fabric stiffened on account of the binder. Flexibility, light weight for wearability, and excellent bulletproof performance are very important factors in the development of bulletproof materials. When the needle- punching method was used, the BFS increased as the fibers sustained damage by the needle. When the composite fabrics were combined by stitching, no significant difference in weight and thickness was observed, and the BFS showed similar results. When a diagonal stitching pattern was employed, the BFS decreased as the stitching density increased. By contrast, when a diamond stitching pattern was used, the fabric fibers were damaged and the BFS increased as the stitching density increased.

Characteristics of Hybrid Protective Materials with CNT Sheet According to Binder Type

권지현,유의상 한국고무학회 2022 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.57 No.4

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P2X7 Receptor Expression in Coexistence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

권지현,남은숙,신형식,조성진,박혜림,권미정 대한병리학회 2014 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.48 No.1

Background: This study was aimed at investigating the relation of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) expression with the clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexisting with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Methods: We examined 170 patients (84, PTC with HT; 86, PTC without HT). P2X7R expression was examined by immunohistochemical methods. The staining intensity and patterns were evaluated and scored using a semi-quantitative method. Results: The PTC with HT group was more likely to contain women and had less extrathyroid extension, lymph node (LN) metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and recurrence than the PTC without HT group. Patients positive for P2X7R had significantly higher frequencies of lymphovascular invasion, extrathyroid extension, LN metastasis, and absence of HT. As shown by multivariate analysis, the expression of P2X7R was significantly higher if HT was absent and extrathyroid extension was present. In the PTC with HT group, the expression of P2X7R was significantly higher in patients with tumor multifocality, lymphovascular invasion, and extrathyroid extension. In the PTC without HT group, the expression of P2X7R was significantly higher in women and those having tumor multifocality. Conclusions: Coexistence of PTC with HT is associated with good prognostic factors, and P2X7Rexpression in PTC was correlated with poor prognostic factors and the absence of HT.

산업디자인의 지적재산권 보호방안 - 저작권법과 디자인보호법을 중심으로 -

권지현 충북대학교 법학연구소 2023 과학기술과 법 Vol.14 No.1

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) includes industrial design, which refers to the 'decorative and aesthetic form of useful goods', in the subject of intellectual property protection on the premise of being applied or used in relation to industry. These industrial designs are protected by applied art works under the Copyright Act or design under the Design Protection Act. Applied art works are art works that can be reproduced in the same shape in an article, and must be distinguished from the article used, and contain design. On the other hand, under the Design Protection Act, design is a shape, pattern, color, or a combination of them, which refers to creating aesthetics through the eyes. In the end, both are substantially the same because they use what is expressed or designed on the article as a protective object, the problem of conflict of rights arises due to differences in overlapping protection or protection period. As to a way to solve such a problem, in Article 2-15 of the Copyright Act, needs to revise the meaning of "including design, etc." to "including design, etc. expressed in goods" because it can cause confusion with the design under the Design Protection Act, and introduce design definition regulations to clarify the meaning of the design. In addition, the Design Protection Act needs to include applied art in the type of design and to introduce a definition that the applied art is limited to "something that can be distinguished from goods and recognize its independence", in addition as to the design application, to revise the decision to reject or invalidate registration by prior applied art works. In order to solve the problem caused by the difference in the protection period between the two, it is necessary to establish a new regulation in the Copyright Act that limits the effect of copyright in the implementation of designs with expired protection periods.