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급성담관염의 원인균주와 항생제감수성의 시간흐름에 따른 변화
권정석 ( Jeong Seok Kwon ),한지민 ( Ji Min Han ),김태원 ( Tae Won Kim ),오지혜 ( Ji Hye Oh ),권현희 ( Hyun Hee Kwon ),정진태 ( Jin Tae Jung ),권중구 ( Joong Goo Kwon ),김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ),김호각 ( Ho Gak Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2014 대한소화기학회지 Vol.63 No.5
Background/Aims: We evaluated changes of causative pathogen in acute cholangitis and their antimicrobial susceptibility over six years and differences between community-acquired and hospital-acquired acute cholangitis at our institution. Methods: Medical records of 1,596 patients with acute cholangitis and biliary drainage between August 2006 and August 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Cases were divided according to time: period 1 (August 2006-December 2008, n=645, 40.4%), period 2 (January 2009-August 2012, n=951, 59.6%). Cases were divided according to community-acquired cholangitis (n=1,397, 87.5%) and hospital-acquired cholangitis (n=199, 12.5%). Causative pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility were investigated in each group. Results: Causative pathogen was isolated from bile culture in 1,520 out of 1,596 cases (95.2%). The three most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacteria were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (n=485, 30.4%), E. coli (n=237, 13.2%), and Citrobacter freundii (n=110, 6.9%). Between periods 1 and 2, prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae did not show significant change (36.7% vs. 32.1%, p=0.073; 6.6% vs. 6.2%, p=0.732). C. freundii showed a significant increase from period 1 to period 2 (1.7% vs. 13.2%, p=0.000). In both time periods, imipenem was the antimicrobial agent showing the highest rate of susceptibility (93.3% vs. 93.9%, p=0.783). Higher prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and C. freundii was observed in the hospital-acquired cholangitis group (52.1% vs. 31.2%, p=0.000; 15.9% vs. 7.3%, p=0.001). Conclusions: The most common causative pathogen of acute cholangitis was ESBL-producing E. coli. Prevalence of C. freundii increased over the time period. Imipenem should be reserved as an alternative for resistant pathogens.
위부분절제술 후 발생하는 담도 확장 및 담석증의 임상적 의의
정석 ( Seok Jeong ),윤해리 ( Ha Rry Yoon ),권창일 ( Chang Il Kwon ),이태훈 ( Tae Hoon Lee ),한정호 ( Joung Ho Han ),송태준 ( Tae Jun Song ),황재철 ( Jae Chul Hwang ),김대중 ( Dae Jung Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2015 대한소화기학회지 Vol.66 No.1
Background/Aims: The well-organized study to support that increased cholelithiasis and bile duct dilatation can occur after gastrectomy has not been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cholelithiasis and the degree of common bile duct (CBD) dilatation in patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy, compared to those undergoing endoscopic treatment for gastric cancer. Methods: Patients who diagnosed with gastric cancer and received treatment at six academic referral centers were investigated for the incidence and time of cholelithiasis and the degree of CBD dilatation after treatment by analysis of 5-year follow-up CTs. The operation group underwent subtotal gastrectomy without vagotomy, while in the control group endoscopic treatmentwas administered for gastric cancer. Results: A total of 802 patients were enrolled in 5-year analysis (735 patients in the operation group and 67 patients in the control group). Cholelithiasis occurred in 47 patients (6.39%) in the operation group and 3 patients (4.48%) in the control group (p=0.7909). The incidences of cholelithiasis were 4.28% in Billoth-I and 7.89% in Billoth-II (p=0.0487). The diameter of proximal CBD and distal CBD increased by 1.11 mm and 1.41 mm, respectively, in the operation group, compared to 0.4 mm and 0.38 mm, respectively, in the control group (p<0.05). Patients with increased CBD dilatation more than 5 mm showed statistically significant increases in alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Conclusions: The incidence of cholelithiasis was not increased due to subtotal gastrectomy without vagotomy, but the incidence was higher after Billoth-II compared to Billoth-I. In addition, significant change in the CBD diameter was observed after subtotal gastrectomy. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2015;66:33-40)
교환기 IPC를 이용한 CHILL 교차 디버거, LGDB의 구현
윤기창(Ki-Chang Yun),문정석(Jeong-Seok Moon),김병철(Byung-Chul Kim),권경인(Kyoung-In Kwon),조시철(Si-Cheol Cho) 한국정보과학회 1999 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.2Ⅲ
교환기 소프트웨어 개발에 많은 언어가 사용되고 있으나, 현재 우리나라의 교환기 제조업체 대부분은 ITU-T에서 통신 소프트웨어 개발 언어로 권고하는 CHILL 언어를 사용하고 있다. CHILL은 엄격한 타입 검사, 구조적 프로그래밍, 모듈화, 병렬 처리 기능을 특징으로 하고 있다. LG 정보통신에서는 이러한 CHILL 프로그램의 시험 및 디버깅을 위하여 GNU Debugger (GDB)를 기반으로 CHILL 교차 디버거인 LGDB (LG Debugger)를 개발하였다. LGDB는 현재 사용 중인 대부분의 마이크로 프로세서를 지원하며, 호스트에서 개발한 프로그램들이 교환기 시스템과 같은 목적 시스템 상에서 정상적으로 실행되는지 검사하고, 만약 오류가 발생하였을 경우 이를 추적하여 수정하는 기능을 제공한다. 점차 대용량화, 고성능화가 요구되고 있는 교환기 개발 프로젝트의 추세를 감안할 때, LGDB는 교환기 소프트웨어의 품질 및 생산성 향상에 매우 높은 기여를 할 것이다.