Histone Lysine Methylation

곽상준,Kwak, Sahng-June Korean Society of Life Science 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

유핵세포의 게놈(genome)은 단백-DNA복합체인 염색질(chromatin)의 형태로 존재하는데, 생명현상을 유지하기 위해서는 생명체 또는 세포가 처한 상황에 맞게 염색질의 구조를 변화시키는 역동적인 조절기전이 필요하다. 염색질을 구성하는 기본단위는 히스톤 8량체 (histone octamer)를 포함하는 뉴클레오좀(nucleosome)이다. 히스톤 단백에는 여러 종류의 공유결합성 수식이 일어나는데, 그 중 하나가 라이신 잔기(lysine residue)에 일어나는 메틸화이다. 최근 수년간의 연구로 여러 개의 히스톤 라이신 메틸화효소(histone lysine methyltransferase, HKMT), 이에 결합하는 염색질단백 및 메틸화와 관련된 후생유전학적 현상이 밝혀졌으며, 특히 정밀한 연구방법을 동원한 다방면의 실험을 통하여 비록 자세한 기전과 전체적인 윤곽의 규명은 미흡하더라도 라이신 메틸화가 후생유전학적 변화를 초래하는 일부 과정이 규명 되었다. 또한 여러 종류의 라이신 탈메틸화효소가 최근에 발견됨에 따라, 아세틸화, 인산화등 다른 공유결합성 수식보다는 상대 적으로 안정되더라도, 히스톤 메 틸화로 유발되는 후생유전학적 변화가 불가역성이 아님을 알게 되었다. Our genome exists in the form of chromatin, and its structural organization should be precisely regulated with an appropriate dynamic nature for life. The basic unit of chromatin is a nucleosome, which consists of a histone octamer. These nucleosomal histones are subject to various covalent modifications, one of which is methylation on certain lysine residues. Recent studies in histone biology identified many histone Iysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) responsible for respective lysine residues and uncovered various kinds of involved chromatin associating proteins and many related epigenetic phenotypes. With the aid of highly precise experimental tools, multi-disciplinary approaches have widened our understanding of how lysine methylation functions in diverse epigenetic processes though detailed mechanisms remain elusive. Still being considered as a relatively more stable mark than other modifications, the recent discovery of lysine demethylases will confer more flexibility on epigenetic memory transmitted through histone lysine methylation. In this review, advances that have been recently observed in epigenetic phenotypes related with histone lysine methylation and the enzymes for depositing and removing the methyl mark are provided.

OBBA 건축사사무소

곽상준,이소정 새건축사협의회 2014 건축과사회 Vol.27 No.-

Quantitative Analysis of Tissue Injury after Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty

곽상준,전영수,유기형,차재룡,조윤제 대한정형외과학회 2014 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.6 No.3

Background: We intended to clarify the hypothesis that minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (MI-THA) leads to less tissue damage and inflammatory response than does conventional total hip arthroplasty (C-THA). Methods: We performed 30 cases of THA between September 2005 and May 2006 and evaluated these cases prospectively. We chose 15 MI-THA cases for the study group and another 15 C-THA cases for the control group. We checked skeletal muscle marker enzymes, such as serum creatinine kinase and aldolase, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and 8, and the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) the day before surgery and at postoperative days 1, 7, and 14. Results: On postoperative days 1 and 3, the study group showed significantly lower serum creatinine kinase, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra values than those in the control group. Additionally, IL-8 was significantly lower on day 7 after surgery. Conclusions: These data show that MI-THA decreased the release of muscle marker enzymes due to tissue damage immediately after surgery and minimized the inflammatory response related to the surgery during the early postoperative period.

Acetabular Insufficiency Fracture Following Prolonged Alendronate Use and the Failure of Total Hip Arthroplasty in “Frozen” Bone: Two Cases Report

곽상준,조윤제,정광영,이주현,전영수,유기형 대한고관절학회 2017 Hip and Pelvis Vol.29 No.4

Atypical insufficiency fracture of the femur following prolonged bisphosphonate use is well described. Regardless of the cause, insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum is extremely rare, and no reports have described insufficiency fractures of the acetabulum that are associated with prolonged bisphosphonate use. This report demonstrates the possibility of insufficiency fracture at the acetabulum following long-term alendronate use and the necessity of particular care in managing insufficiency fractures in “frozen” bone. We describe two cases of insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum following 6 years of alendronate use. Given the patients’ medical histories and bone biopsy findings, these insufficiency fractures were thought to be attributable to alendronate use. One case involved the left hip and the presence of pelvic fractures on the opposite side. The patient was treated using cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA), which failed 1 year after surgery. The hip was revised with a massive bone graft and a supportive wire mesh. The other case was managed via THA with a Ganz reinforcement ring due to concerns regarding the use of a cementless implant.

비구 강화 환을 이용한 고관절 비구컵 재치환술의 중기 추시 결과

곽상준 ( Sang Joon Kwak ),전영수 ( Young Soo Chun ),유기형 ( Kee Hyung Rhyu ),허동범 ( Dong Bum Huh ),유명철 ( Myung Chul Yoo ),조윤제 ( Yoon Je Cho ) 대한고관절학회 2011 Hip and Pelvis Vol.23 No.3

목적: 비구 강화 환(reinforcement ring)을 사용하여 인공 고관절 재치환술을 시행한 후 임상적 및 방사선학적 결과를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년부터 2005년까지 36명의 환자 36예를 대상으로 비구 강화환과 동종 골이식을 이용하여 비구 재 치환술이 시행되었다. AAOS III형 골 결손이 34예, IV형이 2예였다. 수술 후 평균 추시 기간은 7.2년이었다. 결과: 술전에 비하여 Harris 고관절 점수는 92.3점으로 의미 있게 향상되었다(p<0.001). 1예에서 이식 골과 골반 골 사이의 유합이 되지 않아 비구 컵의 해리가 발생하였고, 감염이 2예(5.4%), 고관절 탈구 2예(5.4%) 발생하였다. 수술 중 비구 강화 환의 부적절한 고정이 이루어진 1예를 제외한 모든 예에서 골 이식은 잘 유합 되었다. 재 치환술이 필요했던 경우와 비구 컵의 해리가 발생한 경우를 재 치환술의 실패로 정의하였을 때 성공률은 91.7%였다. 결론: 비구 강화환을 이용하여 비구 재치환술을 시행받은 환자에서 비구 주위 골재건과, 훌륭한 임상적 및 방사선학적 결과를 보여주었다. 좋은 결과를 얻기 위해서는 수술 시 정확한 삽입물의 삽입이 필요하며, 각각의 비구 강화환의 종류에 따른 특성을 잘 이해하고 시행해야겠다. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the revision total hip arthroplasty using the acetabular reinforcement ring. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six acetabular revisions were performed in 36 patients with use of the reinforcement ring and structural or morselized allograft, between 1997 and 2005, in thirty-six patients. According to the AAOS classification, thirty-four cases of acetabular defects were Ttype III, and two were Ttype IV. Mean follow-up period after surgery was 7.2 years. Results: The mean Harris hip score was 92.3, which was significantly increased compared with the preoperative score. (p<0.001). There were five failures: a case of aseptic loosening of Muller ring, two cases of infection (5.4%) and two cases of hip dislocation (5.4%). Graft incorporation and bone remodeling occurred successfully in all hips, but in the case of aseptic loosening in which the ring fixation had been inadequate at the time of surgery. The success rate was 91.7% with a mean follow-up of 7.2 years, if the cases of revision or loosening of the component were classified into failure cases. Conclusion: Patients treated with acetabular revision with three kinds of reinforcement ring had reconstitution of periacetabular bone stock as well as good clinical and radiographic results. For the good results, the secure implant fixation during the surgery should be confirmed and we should completely understand the characters of the each kinds of reinforcement rings.

트란스페린에 대한 단클론항체의 생산과 방사면역측정법의 개발

한현식,곽상준 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1997 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.7 No.1

트란스페린은 주로 간에서 생산되는 금속결합 운반 당단백으로 주요한 역할은 헤모글로빈의 합성을 위하여 철을 운반하는 것이다. 근래 트란스페린의 철공급 외의 기능으로 감염에 대한 숙주 저항에 관한 견해들이 있다. 현재 트란스페린을 직접 측정하는 방법인 방사면역 확산법은 혈장의 농도를 측정하는 데에는 문제가 없으나 체액에 미량 존재하는 부위의 측정에는 민감도가 떨어진다. 본연구에서는 트란스페린에 대한 단클론항체를 만들어 이들의 특성을 분석하고, 이를 이용한 민감한 측정법을 개발하며, 나아가 트란스페린치와 숙주저항성과의 관련성을 보고자 하였다. 단글론항체를 3가지 얻었는데, 이들은 모두 IgG₁이었고 이항체는 트란스페린의 철결합 유무에 관계 없이 같은 정도로 결합하였다. 트란스페린의 항원결정기는 서로 같거나 아주 근접하여 위치하는 것으로 생각 된다. 트란스페린을 방사성옥소로 표식하고, 폴리스타이린관을 고상으로 이용한 면역측정법을 개발하였는데, 검색구간은 0.1 - 20 ㎍/㎖ 이었고, 정밀도 및 분석적 회수율이 높았다. 혈청은 1,000배로 희석하여 측정하고, 소변은 희석하지 않고 측정할 수 있었다. 급성 감염성 질환과 비염증성 질환에서 얻은 혈청과 소변의 트란스페린치를 측정한 결과 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다 Transferrin is a metal-binding transport glycoprotein mainly produced in the liver. In addition to the iron supplying function, host resistance to infection of transferrin has been recently proposed. Transferrin is currently measured by radial immunodiffusion, but its sensitivity is low, especially for assaying body fluid other than serum. For developing a more sensitive assay system, monoclonal antibodies to human transferrin were produced, all of which are of the IgG₁subclass. These monoclonal antibodies bound transferrin to the same degree regardless of iron binding. The epitopes of transferrin seemed to be nearly the same or very close in position, so that competitive binding immunoassay system was developed in which transferrin was labelled with I125 and polystyrene tube was used as a solid phase. The detectable rang of transferrin by the assay system was between 0.1 and 20㎍/ml. The reproducibility and the recovery were satisfactory Serum was assayed after diluting 1 to 1000, but urine was assayed without dilution. The transferrin levels of acute infectious subjects were not significantly different from those of non-inflammatory subjects in urine as well as serum.

환경교육 웹 사이트의 상호작용 분석

곽은정,남상준 한국초등사회과교육학회 2009 초등사회과교육 Vol.21 No.1

T 세포 기원의 원발성 중추신경계 림프종 -증례보고-

정상준 ( Sang Joon Chong ),곽호신 ( Ho Shin Gwak ),민혜숙 ( Hye Sook Min ),윤탁 ( Tak Yun ),유헌 ( Heon Yoo ),신상훈 ( Sang Hoon Shin ),이승훈 ( Seung Hoon Lee ) 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2009 대한뇌종양학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Primary central nervous system lymphomas(PCNSLs) are uncommon intracranial tumors and almost of them are known to be of B-cell lineage. PCNSLs of T-cell lineage should be differentiated from that of B-cell lineage with reactive T-cell infiltrations. We report a 62-year-old female presented with gait disturbance and slurred speech. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multilobulated homogenous enhancing mass with peritumoral edema in left basal ganglia. With the assistance of detecting T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction, it was diagnosed as PCNSL of T-cell lineage pathologically.

인체상피조직 및 타액내 해독효소로서의 Glutathione Transferase Pi ( Pi Class of Glutathione Transferase is the Major Form of Detoxifying Enzyme in the Human Epithelial Tissues and Saliva )

박상철,곽상준,서혜명,김경옥,정은미,최경호,김우호 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 1991 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.11 No.2

대장균에서 재조합 Rat Guanine deaminase 유전자의 발현, 정제 및 분석

성연선,곽상준,박대성,김향원,이희영 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

Guanine deaminase(EC, 3.5.4.3, ;Guanine aminohydrolase, GAH, GDA) catalyzes the deamination reaction of guanine to xanthine irreversibly. The cDNA encoding rat guanine deaminase had been isolated from a λZAPII rat brain expression library using antibody generated against purified rat guanine deaminase. Toe obtain recombinant GDA and analyze the property of catalytically conserved retion, here we expressed the recombinant GDA in E.coli and showed the retention of its catalytic activity similar to native rat GDA. To make the construct carrying coding region to GDA in pGEX4T prokaryotic expression vector, the region encompassing open reading frame of pBlue-GDA was PCR amplified and subcloned into pGEX4T prokaryotic expression vector with correct reading frame of fusion carrier glutathione S-transferase. After transformation to E.coli DH5a. The bacteria carrying pGEX-GDA was grwon in the condition of IPTG induction. The fusion protein GST-GDA was purified with GSH-sepharose affinity chromatography. The purified GST-GDA was subsequently digested with biotin-conjugated thrombin, and thrombin was removed by streptavidin agarose. Then sample were treated with GSH-sepharose affinity chromatography to remove the contaminant GST and GST-GDA. The purified recombinant GDA showed 70% of specific activity relative to that of purified rat GDA. The recombinant GDA showed identical molecular weight with rat GDA in SDS-PAGE.