UN 장애인권리협약에 따른 완전통합교육으로의 전환- 독일의 교사교육제도를 중심으로-

고은 ( Un Ko ) 한국특수아동학회 2012 특수아동교육연구 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 UN 장애인권리협약에 따라 완전통합교육으로의 전환과정에 있는 독일이 어떠한 학제개혁과 교사교육 제도의 변화를 모색하고 있는지에 대한 문제를 다룬다. 첫 번째 연구문제는 UN장애인권리협약이 독일의 통합교육에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가 이다. 두 번째 연구문제는 완전통합교육의 실현과 맞물려 논의되고 있는 독일의 학제개혁이다. 세 번째 연구문제는 독일의 특수교사 양성제도와 통합교육을 위한 교사양성제도 개혁의 주요 논점은 무엇인가 이다. 본 연구의 부제로서 다루어지는 교사교육제도를 살펴보면, 우선 ``통합교육`` 또는 ``통합수업``에 대한 과목을 필수과목으로 지정하여 일반 교직 학생들이 기초지식을 습득하고 역할수행에 대한 관점을 정립시키는 것을 강조하고 있다. 더불어 일반교육과 특수교육이 함께 연계된 수업 그리고 대학 교원들 간의 공동연구들이 필요하다고 보았는데, 이는 통합교육이 이제까지 일방적으로 특수교육 주도로 진행된 것에 대한 문제인식으로 볼 수 있다. 특히 초등교육과 특수교육을 복수전공으로 하여 통합교육 전문 교사로 양성하는 새로운 교직양성 모델은 통합교육이 교사교육제도의 개편과 함께 이루어지고 있음을 보여주고 있다. The purpose of this study was to examine what changes Germany intended to bring about to its educational system and teacher education system while it attempted to convert existing education into perfect inclusive education in accordance with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The first research question does the UN Convention affect what kind of in inclusive education. The second research question was what the meaning of shift to perfect inclusive education would be. The third research question was what the major point of disputes there were about the Germany education system of special education teachers and about the reform of its teacher education system required for inclusive education. They call on students who want to be teachers to acquire fundamental knowledge and learn what roles they should perform in the future by designating courses related to ``inclusive education`` or ``inclusive instruction`` as one of required courses. In addition, they believe that general education and special education should be linked together in class, and that college professors should make concerted research efforts. It shows that they become aware of the question that inclusive education has just been led by special education. Specifically, a new model of teacher education system that requires students to major in both elementary education and special education to become inclusive education experts suggests that inclusive education is being conducted along with the reform of the teacher education system.

취학 전 아동의 쓰기발달에 영향을 미치는 요인분석

고은(Un Ko) 한국언어치료학회 2007 言語治療硏究 Vol.16 No.2

This study analyzed diaries, a homework assigned to 139 children in child care center in Y-si, Jeollanam-do, in an attempt to examine the effect of keeping a diary on the development of writing skills among preschoolers. The evaluation was made on the basis of the diary that was assigned as homework. The evaluation of writing skill development was based on the six stages set forth by Lee Yeong-Ja(1997), and the writing error analysis table developed by Kim Dong-Il(2002) was used to analyze the error.   The outcome of analysis on the data indicated no significant difference in the writing skill development of children, depending on the gender. Age was the most significant factor that had effect on the writing skill development of children. A highly statistically significant difference was found as to the availability of the learning paper. The analysis on the writing skill of children in the sentence-writing-stage indicated that the gender played a signifiant role as a variable in terms of number of word and spelling. In addition, age and the availability of the learning paper were found to have an effect on the spelling. A high correlation was found among the number of word, writing and spelling.   Finally, the analysis on the error type of word indicated that the error in writing according to the sound was the most frequent. The error in writing according to the sound decreased as they got older, whereas the substitute error increased. Moreover, omission of final consonant (or consonant cluster) on the end of a Korean orthographic syllable comprised over 90% of errors in phonemic emission, the greatest portion, followed by the omission of syllable and other errors.

발달장애아동에 대한 언어중심과 심상유도전략으로서의 삽화 및 심상교수 간 읽기교수 효과 비교

고은(Un Ko) 한국언어치료학회 2006 言語治療硏究 Vol.15 No.1

This study was conducted on children with developmental disorders to compare the effects of three mediation methods(language-based, illustration suggestion, image teaching) on the understanding of textbooks by carrying out the methods in turn. The study was conducted on 5 elementary school students with developmental disorders in special classes, and a rotational mediation design was used. In addition, the study started from two hypotheses : 1. visual data are well remembered compared to language information, and images using visual memories are effective to language learning. 2. direct mediation by image teaching improves the understanding of textbooks of children with developmental disorders compared to visual stimulation by simple illustrations.As a result of the study, first, visual data presentation using illustrations improved the understanding level of textbooks by making image-based expressions possible compared to language-based data presentation. Second, it was found direct mediation by image teaching didnt have a distinctive effect on the understanding of textbooks of children with developmental disorders compared to visual stimulation presentation using simple illustrations.

정신지체학생의 지능정도에 따른 수용언어발달 분석

고은 ( Un Ko ),조홍중 ( Hong Joong Cho ) 한국정신지체아교육학회 2006 지적장애연구 Vol.8 No.1

이중언어 사용 아동의 부모들이 갖는 모국어에 대한 가치기준과 경험적 의미

고은(Un Ko) 한국언어치료학회 2006 言語治療硏究 Vol.15 No.3

This study is based on the assumption that the acquisition of mother tongue of bilingual children might manifest the developmental and psychological aspect different from that of monolingual children. This study tried to figure out the internal world of parents through the in-depth interview which is deemed to be the essential variables involved in the course of acquisition of two language.6 Philippine women, who were married Korean men and the mothers of children exposed in the bilingual environment, and two mothers of children, who emigrated and currently residing in Germany, were interviewed in-depth for the analysis. The findings of the study indicates that the parents of children regarded the local language the mother tongue. In other words, they considered the mother tongue a concept of major language for communication in the community rather than the ethnicity. In the meantime, they had different views about their own language depending on their needs. Families composed of husband and wife with different nationality tend to prefer English to the native language of Philippines women, who are the mother, for the communication. Most of the interviewees had the anxiety over the environment where they had to use two languages. It was pointed out that there was an absence of guideline or policy for right linguistic education in the bilingual environment. Also, it was found that the language pose a difficulty in the relationship between parents and children.

사물-색상 짝짓기 과제수행에서 나타난 실어증 환자의 시각적 의미기억

고은(Un Ko) 한국언어치료학회 2004 言語治療硏究 Vol.13 No.3

Visual semantic memory, which excludes language, is an essential condition in the entire process of verbalization, providing an important base for learning language related to perceived concepts of things. The present study observed aphasics' abilities to perform object-color pairing tasks and examine the characteristics of their visual semantic memory. For this purpose, this study carried out an object-color pairing test on 27 adults who were found to have aphasia by a neurosurgeon. According to the results of this study, aphasics appeared to have higher difficulties in object-color pairing tasks than ordinary people did, and correct answer rate for all the questions was significantly different according to the degree of verbal disorder (χ2(2)=18.446, p<.01). However, correct answer rate for each question was not significantly different according to the degree of verbal disorder (χ2(2)=1.250, p>.05). The results of this study suggest that the damage of aphasics' visual semantic memory may be understood as a precondition for producing language and that the focus of research on aphasia should be switched from verbal behavior to the procedure of language process.

언어치료 교육의 역사와 언어치료 교육 교사의 과제 -독일과 한국을 중심으로-

고은 ( Un Ko ),정은희 ( Eun Hee Jeong ) 한국특수아동학회 2004 특수아동교육연구 Vol.6 No.2

청각장애 학생의 통합교육에 대한 태도연구

고은 ( Un Ko ),조홍중 ( Hong Joong Cho ) 한국동서정신과학회 2004 동서정신과학 Vol.7 No.1

The objective of inclusive education is to reduce handicapped children`s effect of labeling and bring a positive effect on their growth of scholastic achievement and development of sociality and emotion by promoting interaction and understanding between handicapped and non-handicapped children in the scope of normal curriculla. This study examined teachers` five attitude to the inclusive education for students with hearing impairment with the focus on presence of contact experience: 「Basic attitude to the inclusive education」, 「Understanding of the inclusive education for students with hearing impairment」, 「Advantages of the inclusive education」, 「Disadvantages of the inclusive education」, and 「Facilities and system required for the inclusive education」. The Cronbach α of these scales was > 0.81 and retest reliability was > 0.70. Positive understanding was found 34.3% of 「Basic attitude to the inclusive education」, 19.8% of 「Understanding of the inclusive education for students with hearing impairment」, 37.6% of 「Advantages of the inclusive education」, 31.1% of 「Disadvantages of the inclusive education」, and 54.8% 「Facilities and system required for the inclusive education」. In sum, teachers` understanding of inclusive education for students with hearing impairment was low in most areas. In particular, positiveness of 「Understanding of the inclusive education for students with hearing impairment」 was signigicantly low.

심상기법이 실어증 환자의 색상 - 대상물간의 연상 및 얼굴부위 명명능력에 미치는 효과

고은(Un Ko) 한국언어청각임상학회 2002 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.7 No.2

본 논문에서는 심상(心像)을 이용한 새로운 기법이 실어증환자를 대상으로 시도되었다. 인지신경심리학에 이론적 토대를 두고 있는 심상기법은 환자의 외적 언어가 아닌, 외적 언어를 창출하기 위한 전언어단계(前言語段階), 즉 언어체제에 접근하기 위한 전반적인 인지과정을 재활동화 시키는 데 주력한다. 실험에는 3명을 대상으로 색상과 대상물간의 연상을 심상훈련을 통해 실시하였으며, 구두적 심상기법 접근이 어려운 다른 3명의 중증 환자에게는 도식적(圖式的) 심상기법을 사용하여 얼굴부위 명명과제를 실시하였다. 심상기법을 사용하기 전과 사용 후의 정반응을 비교한 결과 효과는 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이때 환자의 실어증유형과 장애정도보다는 오히려 환자의 인지체계의 변수가 치료효과에 크게 작용하는 것으로 보였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect s of the imagery therapy on the (1) associating object s with color s and (2) naming part s of the face. The application of imagery therapy has it s foundation on the science of cognitive neuropsychology with the aim of activating the cognitive processes before speech . Six aphasic patient s participated in the study . Three of them were trained with association tasks and the other s were trained with naming tasks. Result s showed significant differences on speech performance between the two experimental condition s. It seems that the important variable regarding the positive effect s is the degree of activation of an imagery perception, not the degree of speech disability or type of aphasia.

풍자만화 해석 능력에 따른 뇌 손상 환자의 언어 인지적 특성

고은(Un Ko),조홍중(Hong-Joong Cho) 한국언어치료학회 2003 言語治療硏究 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analogize the language and cognitive characteristics of patients with brain damage by observing their verbal and non-verbal response after reading cartoons. For the subject, 4 patients diagnosed as aphasia and 4 patients with right brain damage were set up as a comparative group. Ten cartoons was selected from “Ctrinus”'s and “Vater und Sohn” for materials. The results are as follows. First, the results demonstrated a hypothesis that aphasia was not a simple speech disorder or external defect in language. To conduct a task of understanding the point of cartoons, patients with aphasis were assessed in the aspect of an expression which indicates their understanding and gesture as well as verbal language. Nevertheless 4 patients with aphasis showed very limited results. Secondly, patients with right brain damage were fluent in daily conversation. But they were very illogical and had a poor ability to teat vocabulary in a task of interpreting cartoons. Thirdly, patients with brain damage, in general, showed low performance in a task of interpreting cartoons. It suggested that the problem of cognitive ability, which goes with brain damage primarily, was common in patients with brain damage.These results were very interesting, considering that much more cognitive ability is required than language in outputting tacit information, which is a secondary task, from seeing a picture visually and paying attention to an object or a form.