Ethical Risks and Resolutions in Korean Financial Institution Scandals

고은하,김석태 한국무역연구원 2020 무역연구 Vol.16 No.5

Purpose The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the ethical issues in several scandals in Korean financial institutions, and to introduce resolutions to mitigate such ethical risks. Design/Methodology/Approach This study examines ethical issues from the perspective of the ethical standards of the CFA Institute and the Korea Financial Investment Association, and analyzes these issues through Kerr’s reward model (1995). Findings It was found that recent Korean financial scandals comprised numerous ethical problems which were to the detriment of investor interests in pursuit of banker interests. A better reward system emphasizing client interests and values should be introduced, along with binding standards of professional conduct for member firms in the financial industry. These efforts should be made based upon financial institution ethical cultures. Research Implications This research is a ground clearing exercise, offering ethical risk mitigating methods for Korean financial institutions which have earned distrust from a series of financial scandals. With sparse studies in this field, this paper will shed light onto trust enhancing efforts in the financial sectors in Korea.

문화연구와 스포츠

고은하 한국스포츠사회학회 2010 한국스포츠사회학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-

한국인 대학생과 외국인 유학생의 주거가치요인들이 주거만족도에 미치는 영향 - 코로나 전·후 비교 분석 -

고은하,김석태 한국주거환경학회 2023 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 서울지역 원룸주택 거주자의 주거에 대한 인구사회학적 특성, 주거가치, 주거만족도, 의 영향력을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 동국대학교 인근에 거주하는 동국대학교 학생들의 원룸 주택 선택에 있어 주거가치와 주거만족도 간의 관계는 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 선행연구로 알아본 요인 이외에 일반적 특성 및 주거특성에 따른 특성, 주거가치에 따라 주거만족에 영향을 주는 정도, 특히 지역적 특수성을 판단하기 위해 서울시 중구 장충동 동국대학교 인근을 대상으로 하고 내국인과 외국인의 비교연구를 하였다는 점에서 기존연구과 차별성이 있다. 2019년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지 조사를 통해 SPSS 통계자료를 분석하였다. 주거가치 요인은 거주성, 실내외 환경성, 경제편익성, 교통편리성, 내부기능성인 5요인이고, 주거만족도는 6개 변수(내부시설의 편리성,입지성, 환경성, 경제성, 안전성, 사회성)로 설정하였다. 궁극적으로 이 연구는 원룸 실거주자들의 가치관을 알아보고 현재 원룸주택이 가지는 문제점을 파악하여 거주자의 욕구를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 원룸주택의 공급이 늘어나고 있는 현 상황에 더욱 알맞은 수요를 예측함으로써 미래의 보다 적합한 형태의 원룸주택의 정착과 원룸 주택계획 수립에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하는데 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the effect of housing value factors of Korean and foreign students on housing satisfaction before and after COVID-19. The relationship between housing value and housing satisfaction is important in choosing one-room housing for Dongguk University students living near Dongguk University. SPSS statistical data were analyzed through surveys from January 2019 to December 2020. These studies show that Dongguk University students, especially those living in Jangchung-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul, are aware of the value of typical one-room residents and problems with one-room housing, which is meaningful in predicting more suitable demand for startups and providing basic data. It is more appropriate to establish a one-room housing and one-room housing plan. This study will illuminate the housing value and housing satisfaction factors of college students living in Seoul.

2004년 진주 지역 초등학생 인두배양의 베타 용혈성 연쇄구균의 분포

고은하,김선주 대한임상미생물학회 2005 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.8 No.1

Background: The carrier study of group A streptococci (GAS), the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis, is important to understand the epidemiology of GAS in the region. The authors performed throat cultures from the children of four elementary schools in Jinju area to investigate current microbiological characteristics in this area. Methods: Throat cultures were taken from 2,351 healthy elementary school children (male 1,311 and female 1,040) from October through December, 2004. Two schools are located in rural areas, while the other two schools are in Jinju city. Beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) were identified with bacitracin disk (0.04 U) and latex agglutination test (Seroiden Strepto Kit, Eiken). Results: Four-hundred forty-three (18.8%) yielded BHS from 2,351 school children. Serogrouping revealed 84.9% of group A, 5.9% of group C, 4.7% of group B, 3.6% of group G, and 0.9% of nongroup A, B, C, G in a decreasing order. Isolation rate of GAS was similar between girls and boys. Children of elementary schools in rural areas showed significantly higher isolation rates (18.6-21.7%) compared to those (12.5-12.7%) in urban areas. Conclusion: The isolation rate of BHS was 18.8% in Jinju area, 2004. Group A was 84.9% and group C was next common. Although the isolation rate of GAS was similar by age or sex, it showed a significant difference by the location of the schools.

A Study on Influencing Factors on Users’ Intention to Accept Open Banking: Moderating Effect of Financial Literacy

고은하 한국무역학회 2023 Journal of Korea trade Vol.27 No.6

Purpose – This study aims to explore the factors affecting users’ intentions regarding open banking. It extends the Unified theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by integrating perceived risk, initial trust, and financial literacy into the conceptual models. Since the government allowed open API access to the accounts of fintech firms and commercial banks, open banking has expanded rapidly in Korea from 2019. Understanding the factors influencing users’ intention to use this new system is important, given that open baking is still in the development stage. Design/methodology – Conceptual models were adopted from relevant literature and a string of hypotheses were developed. This study analyzed a data set of 439 Korean survey respondents and applied the initial trust model and the united theory of acceptance and use of technology(UTAUT) model. Findings – The results of the study show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and initial trust are the three major factors stimulating the use of open banking, whereas risks negatively affect its adoption. Financial literacy played a moderating role between these factors and the intention to use open banking. There was a difference in the impact of social influence on open banking users due to the degree of financial understanding. In addition, the moderating effect was verified according to the age group, the frequency of open banking use, and the number of accounts owned to check whether there are differences according to the characteristics of each group. Originality/value – This study is significant because it uses the level of financial knowledge as a moderating variable in users’ adoption of open banks, and is the first to investigate whether differences in users’ levels of financial knowledge affect their intention to use financial innovation.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis를 이용한 중환자실 Serratia marcescens 집단요로감염의 역학적 조사

고은하,김선주,배인규 대한임상미생물학회 2005 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.8 No.1

Background: Serratia marcescens is a well-known cause of nosocomial infections. We investigated an outbreak of S. marcescensinfections in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) and identified the source of the outbreak using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Methods: A total of 39 isolates of S. marcescenswere included in this study: 28 isolates from the patients in the SICU and epidemiologically-unrelated 11 isolates from the patients in the general wards from May through August, 2003 at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Twenty-six of the 28 isolates in the SICU were from the urine collected from indwelling urinary catheters. Fifty-six environmental samples, such as the hands of healthcare workers and urinals were cultured to identify the source of infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests by Vitek GNS card (bioMerieux) and PFGE were performed to identify the clonality of the isolates. Results: Twenty of the 28 S. marcescens isolated from the patients in the SICU showed the identical PFGE fingerprint pattern and two isolates had a closely-related pattern with the outbreak strain. The isolates from urine in the SICU were resistant to almost all the antibiotics tested except imipenem and cotrimoxazole. Nine of the 11 isolates from the general wards had PFGE patterns and antimicrobial susceptibility results different from those of the outbreak clone. Five samples from used-urinals and one from disinfected-urinal of 56 environmental samples grew S. marcescensthat were resistant to the all antibiotics tested except imipenem and cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: The outbreak of urinary tract infections in SICU was due to a clonal spread of a single strain of S. marcescens that was multiple resistant to antibiotics except imipenem and cotrimoxazole. The source of outbreak appeared to be inadequately disinfected urinals.

아테네올림픽 신문보도의 내용분석:성별 보도량을 중심으로

고은하 한국스포츠사회학회 2008 한국스포츠사회학회지 Vol.21 No.1

This study investigates coverage trends of international sport events coverage in South Korean printed media by analyzing articles and photographs covering men/women athletes during 2004 Athens Olympic games. Donga Ilbo, one of the major South Korean daily newspapers published on Monday through Saturday between August 7 and September 8 were sampled. Total 27 days of data were collected by gathering sport articles and images. Content analysis was used and the data were classified according to Olympic relevance, sport items, gender, article/image size, article/image location, article/image focus, and article/image type. The result showed that there were greater amount of sport articles and photographs covering female/mixed athletes during the Olympic period, especially with a large amount of female athletes' photographs than ever. However, majority of sport coverage was devoted to men's sport while women's sport were covered in about half amount of their male counterpart. Moreover, women's sport dealt with in articles focusing on sport performance were less than 1/3 of men's sport. On the other hand, sport items that Korean athletes won medals had large amount of coverage regardless of their popularity as spectator sports. However, some photographs emphasizing appearance or costumes of female athletes were noticed although Korean athletes didn't mark high ranks in the sport. Overall results of the study partly supported the results of previous studies while confirming gendered quality of Korean printed media. 이 연구는 주요 일간지에 게재된 2004 아테네 올림픽 관련 기사 및 사진 보도량을 분석함으로써 한국 인쇄매체의 국제스포츠이벤트 기사 및 사진 보도 경향을 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석 기간은 올림픽 기간을 포함하여 올림픽 관련 기사와 사진이 게재된 2004년 8월 7일부터 9월 8일까지의 기간 중 일간지가 발간되지 않은 일요일을 제외한 27일간이며, 분석 대상은 우리나라의 대표적 일간지인 동아일보이다. 수집된 자료는 기사 및 사진의 올림픽 관련 여부, 종목, 성별, 게재 위치, 초점, 유형에 따라 내용분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 올림픽 기간을 전후하여 평소보다 많은 양의 여성 및 혼성스포츠 기사 및 사진이 게재되었으며 특히 여성스포츠 사진이 평소보다 빈번히 큰 면적으로 게재된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 전체적인 보도량은 여성이 남성의 절반 정도 수준으로 한국 일간지의 성편향적 보도 경향을 여전히 보여주었다 기사의 주제 및 유형 측면에서는 경기를 주제로 하는 기사는 여성이 남성의 3분의 1 이하의 보도량을 보이며, 경기와 관련된 기사 유형에서 여성 비율은 남성의 절반 정도 수준으로 나타났다. 사진 주제 측면에서도 경기를 다룬 여성스포츠 사진은 남성의 60% 수준이었다. 한편, 종목별 보도량을 보면 우리나라 선수가 메달을 획득한 종목은 평소의 종목 인기도와 관계없이 기사 및 사진 보도량이 증가한 것으로 나타났으나, 여성의 경우 한국의 경기력과 무관하게 외모나 복장을 부각하는 사진이 등장하는 경우도 발견되었다. 이상의 연구 결과는 올림픽 보도와 관련하여 국내외에서 이루어진 선행연구의 결과를 일부 지지하며, 한국 미디어스포츠의 성편향적 보도 경향을 확인시켜 주었다.

Survey of Antimicrobial Resistance of Pharyngeal α-Hemolytic Streptococci among School Children

고은하,김선주 대한임상미생물학회 2008 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.11 No.1

α-hemolytic streptococci (AHS) are common normal oropharyngeal flora that can transfer antibiotic-resistance genes to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Reports on antibiotic resistance in AHS from throats are rare in Korea. A total of 333 healthy school children were subjected to recovery of AHS from the throat, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were screened with the disk diffusion method. The rate of resistance to erythromycin was 22.2%, to clindamycin 12.0%, and to cefotaxime 3.0%. Whereas the resistance rate of S. pneumoniae to erythromycin exceeds 70% in Korea, pharyngeal AHS showed low resistance rates.

A군 연쇄구균 균혈증의 임상적 특징과 emm 유전자 제한효소패턴 및Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

고은하,김선주,김의종 대한진단검사의학회 2004 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.24 No.2

Background : M protein is the major virulence factor of group A streptococci (GAS). As the emm gene, which encodes the M protein, has a variable sequence at 5′-terminus by each M type, it can be classified into several restriction-fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) by restriction enzymes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is useful for investigating clonal outbreaks or bacterial transmission. Molecular epidemiological analysis using emm-RFLP and PFGE was performed on GAS isolated from bacteremia. Methods : Twenty-eight strains of GAS isolated from patients with bacteremia were included. Medical records of 27 cases were reviewed retrospectively to see the prognosis of GAS bacteremia. The restriction patterns of emm gene digested with HaeIII enzyme were compared by each emm genotype. Macrorestriction patterns were produced by PFGE after digestion of chromosomal DNA with SmaI and ApaI enzymes. Results : All but 2 cases with toxic streptococcal syndrome survived. The DNA fragments of emm- HaeIII restriction showed 3 to 4 bands. Each emm genotype showed a different emm-HaeIII restriction pattern, except emm49 and SP2346, of which the restriction pattern was similar to that of emm1. Thirteen different PFGE patterns were observed by SmaI, and emm6, emm12, and emm75 were not cut with SmaI. All 28 strains were cut with ApaI, which yielded 17 different PFGE patterns. All but emm13 showed a high concordance between the PFGE patterns and the emm genotypes. Conclusions : The patients with GAS bacteremia showed a relatively good prognosis. We found that the restriction enzyme analysis of emm gene was rapid, simple and inexpensive to perform, and that PFGE was useful for classifying GAS strains because it generally discriminated well between each emm genotype. Although the number of strains studied was small, GAS bacteremia was not due to a single clone. (Korean J Lab Med 2004; 24: 119-25) 배경 : A군 연쇄구균의 가장 중요한 독성인자는 M단백인데, M단백의 조절 유전자인 emm의 5′부위는 각 M형마다 다양한 염기서열을 가지고 있어 유전자 증폭 후 제한효소를 처리하면 다양한 제한효소 패턴을 기대할 수 있다. 염색체 DNA 다형성 분석은균의 클론성 확산과 전파경로를 파악하는데 유용하다. 혈액에서 분리된 A군 연쇄구균에 대하여 emm 제한효소패턴과 DNA 다형성분석을 시도하고 임상적 특징을 살펴보았다. 방법 : 혈액에서 분리된 A군 연쇄구균 28주를 대상으로 하였으며, 그 중 27명에 대해 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. emm유전자를 증폭하고, 그 증폭산물을 HaeIII 제한효소로 절단하여 제한효소 패턴을 살펴보았다. DNA 다형성은 염색체 DNA를 SmaI과 ApaI 효소로 처리한 후 전기영동하여 얻었고 그 결과는 각emm 유전자형별로 비교하였다. 결과 : 독성쇽증후군 2명을 제외하고 나머지 환자는 모두 치료후 회복되었다. emm-HaeIII 제한효소 양상에서 보통 3-4개의 분절이 관찰되었다. emm49와 SP2346은 emm1형과 비슷한 제한효소 패턴을 보였으나, 나머지 emm형은 서로 다른 패턴을 보여 크게 7가지로 분류할 수 있었다. PFGE의 경우 28균주 중 emm75,emm6 및 emm12를 제외한 24균주가 SmaI에 의해 절단되어 13가지로 분류할 수 있었고, ApaI의 경우는 절단되지 않는 균주 없이 모두 17가지로 분류할 수 있었다. emm13형을 제외하고는 모두 emm형에 따라 상동성이 높은 PFGE 패턴을 보였다. 결론 : A군 연쇄구균 균혈증의 예후는 비교적 양호함을 알 수 있었다. emm 유전자의 제한효소 패턴은 복잡한 기기가 없이도 일반적인 검사실에서 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 장점이 있었다. PFGE를 이용한 DNA 다형성 분석은 emm형별로 서로 다른 패턴을 보여 균주를 분류하는데 유익하였으며, 균주 수가 많지는 않지만 균혈증을 일으킨 원인 균은 클론성이 아님을 확인하였다.

2004년 진주지역에서 분리된 Streptococcus pyogenes의 Erythromycin 내성률 감소

고은하,맹국영,김선주,정현주,이남용 대한임상미생물학회 2006 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.9 No.1

Background: The erythromycin (EM) resistance rates and emm genotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes could vary by geographical location and study period. The purpose of this study, involving a large number of children, was to determine EM resistance rate and its resistance mechanism of S. pyogenes, and to compare these results with those of previous studies performed at the same area. Methods: Throat cultures were taken from 2,351 healthy children of four elementary schools from October through December, 2004 in Jinju. A total of 328 strains of S. pyogenes were isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the agar dilution method against six antimicrobial agents. The phenotypes of EM resistance were evaluated by the double-disk diffusion test and the frequency of ermB and mefA genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Resistance rates of S. pyogenes to EM, clindamycin and tetracycline were 9.8%, 8.8% and 18.3%, respectively. Almost all isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin, levofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Constitutive resistance (CR) was observed in 87.5%, M phenotype in 9.4%, and inducible resistance only in 3.1%. The ermB and mefA genes were present in 90.6% and 9.4% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusion: The resistance rate to EM of S. pyogenes was 9.8% in 2004, which was a large drop from the 51% shown in 2002. CR with the ermB gene was predominant, suggesting that most of the EM resistant isolates have a high level of resistance.