친환경농업 시범마을 조성사업의 성과분석

강충관,정만철 한국유기농업학회 2004 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

Crop inputs in excess of the yield potential of the soil type reduce profitability and increase pollution problems from leaching and runoff. Inaccurate fertilizer and pesticide application can also result in profit loss. Current farming practices plan only for the dominate soil in the field. A government-supported program titled “Pilot village project for the environment-friendly agriculture” was proceeded from 1999 to 2001 to tackle the problems with which our agriculture is faced by introducing IPM, INM and others. The objective of this study is to consider the potential input savings of agricultural chemicals and economic feasibility of the project compared with the conventional farming. The results of the analysis indicate the followings: (1) organic or no-pesticide farming size was increased from 9% in 1999 to 20% in 2001; (2) crop yield was a little bit lower than that of the conventional farming, but the sale price, gross income and income of the pilot village were 6%, 10% and 9% higher than that of the conventional farming, respectively; and (3) fertilizer and pesticide use also showed decreasing trend gradually. 본 연구는 3년간 전국 16개 지역에서 추진되어온 “친환경농업시범마을 조성사업” 참여농가를 대상으로 실시한 농가경영조사를 바탕으로 경영성과분석 및 추진과정에서 제기되었던 문제점을 분석하고, 점차적으로 확대되고 있는 친환경농업관련사업의 안정적인 정착을 위한 개선방안을 모색하는데 그 목적이 있으며, 대략적인 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사업기간동안 무농약 또는 유기재배 실천지역이 ’99년 5개 지역에서 ’01년 9개 지역으로 늘어났으며, 면적도 전체 사업대상지역의 9%에서 20%로 증가하였다. 둘째, 시범단지의 쌀 수량은 관행단지에 비해 다소 낮은 98% 수준이나, 판매가격은 6% 정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 경영비는 환경자재비의 증가에 따라 관행보다 13% 정도 증가되었으나, 농자재 지원과 높은 판매가격에 의해 조수입과 소득은 각각 10%와 9% 정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 시범단지의 비료비 지출액은 매년 감소추세를 보이고 있으며, 비료(성분량) 사용량도 관행단지에 비해 17% 정도 감소한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나 시비기준량보다는 아직 5% 정도 사용량이 많은 것으로 나타나고 있어 계속적인 감축노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 사용농약의 종류는 관행단지 대비 12% 정도 감소하였고, 농약비 지출은 5% 정도 감소하였다. 각도별 평균농약비(통계청) 대비 시범단지의 농약비 지출은 매년 큰 폭으로 감소하고 있으며, ’99년 10%에서 ’01년는 35% 정도 감소하여 3년 동안 평균 23% 정도 감소하였다. 넷째, 시범단지의 경영비 대비 환경자재비의 비중은 상당히 높은 편으로 지역별로는 3.5 ~24.5% 정도의 차이를 보이고 있으며, 전체 평균은 12.9% 정도로 환경자재비 증가는 농가경영의 큰 부담으로 나타나고 있다. 마지막으로 친환경농업에 대해 농업인은 긍정적으로 평가하고 있으며, 친환경농업의 확대 및 안정적인 생산을 위해서는 친환경농산물에 대한 적정한 평가가 이루어져야 할 것이다.최근 이러한 시범단지에 대한 사업추진결과 친환경농업의 필요성 및 인식은 상당히 확산되어 있으나, 적정 투입재의 이용기술, 상품차별화에 대한 인식, 환경자재비의 절감노력 등 아직 미흡한 부분에 대한 개선노력이 요구되고 있다. 또한 농가들의 자율적인 친환경농업 실천 유도를 위해서는 안정적인 농가소득의 확보가 무엇보다도 중요하며, 이를 위해서는 친환경농산물의 가격차별화에 의한 판로확보와 부산물비료 등 환경자재비 절감 문제가 최우선 과제이다. 시범단지에 대해 사업비로 지원하는 농약비료 등은 꼭 필요한 품목에 한정하고, 농업인 교육, 지도자 육성, 친환경농산물에 대한 홍보, 판로확보, 토양개량(객토) 등에 대한 지원확대 등 단기적인 효과보다는 장기적인 관점에서 친환경농업의 기반구축 및 무농약유기재배의 도입 및 실천을 위한 투자에 지원을 확대해야 할 것이다.

Effects of the Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Economic Feasibility and Environmental Sustainability

강충관,박주섭,이상용,김한명,Kang, Choong-Kwan,Park, Joo-Sub,Lee, Sang-Yong,Kim, Han-Myeong 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.1

The use of nitrogen fertilizer in intensive agricultural production is of major concern due to its role on agricultural productivity and water quality. Crop production inputs on farm are usually applied at a uniform rate across an entire field. However, actual input requirements often vary within fields. The field variations in yield potential, soil moisture, soil N status, and the efficiency of fertilizer use, uniform application of crop production inputs does not allow optimum efficiency or profitability. This occurs because uniform application often results in areas of over- and under-application which may affect water quality and crop yield. This study used biophysical and economic models to assess the economic feasibility and water quality benefits of site specific nitrogen management for 10 soil types and 35 sample fields in Goodwater Creek watershed located near Centralia, Missouri. Results showed that the economic feasibility and water quality benefits of variable rate application were sensitive to the distribution of soil types within a field. Variable rate(VR) application was not uniformly more profitable than uniform rate(UR) application for the four agricultural systems evaluated and the water quality benefits were insubstantial relative to uniform application of N. 질소비료는 작물의 생장에 있어서 가장 핵심적인 영양소라 할 수 있으며, 질소의 효율적 이용은 안정적인 수확량의 확보 뿐만 아니라 비용절감 및 환경오염원 감축 등 다양한 편익을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 정밀농업은 토양의 특성에 따라 작물에 필요한 적정량의 시비로 영양분의 이용효율을 높임으로써 환경 경제적 편익을 동시에 추구하는 농법이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 GIS를 이용하여 구축한 455개 표본농경지의 토양 및 지형에 관한 Database에 근거하여 각 농경지내에서 토양을 세분하여 적정 시비를 할 경우(site-specific management)와 농경지별 적정 시비를 하였을 경우(uniform rate application) 비료의 사용량, 수확량, 수질오염 정도 등을 EPIC모델을 이용하여 비교분석 하였다. 전체 농경지에서의 가중평균적인 환경 경제적 효과는 큰 차이를 보이지 않지만 각각의 농경지가 다양한 토양으로 구성되어 있고 다양한 토양에 대한 최적의 질소량이 큰 차이를 나타낼 때는 정밀농업의 실천이 경제적 및 환경적 측면에서 충분한 잠재력이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

친환경농업 시범마을 조성사업의 성과분석

강충관,정만철 한국유기농업학회 2004 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

Crop inputs in excess of the yield potential of the soil type reduce profitability and increase pollution problems from leaching and runoff. Inaccurate fertilizer and pesticide application can also result in profit loss. Current farming practices plan only for the dominate soil in the field. A government-supported program titled “Pilot village project for the environment-friendly agriculture” was proceeded from 1999 to 2001 to tackle the problems with which our agriculture is faced by introducing IPM, INM and others. The objective of this study is to consider the potential input savings of agricultural chemicals and economic feasibility of the project compared with the conventional farming. The results of the analysis indicate the followings: (1) organic or no-pesticide farming size was increased from 9% in 1999 to 20% in 2001; (2) crop yield was a little bit lower than that of the conventional farming, but the sale price, gross income and income of the pilot village were 6%, 10% and 9% higher than that of the conventional farming, respectively ; and (3) fertilizer and pesticide use also showed decreasing trend gradually.

일본의 유기농산물 유통실태

정만철,강충관 한국유기농업학회 2003 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.11 No.2

Recently, together with consumers’ increasing concerns on food safety and environmental issues, there is increasing demand on the environmentally friendly agricultural products such as organic products. At present, Japan, as a biggest net importing country of the agricultural products, is a market of the international-scale in the organic product marketing. Also, it is expected that the possibility of market expansion in the future is very high. According to the 2000 agricultural census in Japan, the number of the environment-friendly agricultural farmers were 501.556 householders. This number is about 145 percent higher than that of the 1996 results of 204,600 householders. Organic products in Japan were mainly marketed through the producer and consumer cooperation, producers" cooperation, specialized marketing company etc. However, along with the department store, big supermarket and others" participation in the market recently, the marketing channels are diversified. As of October 1999, market sales of the organic products were estimated about 350 billion yen. It is expected that organic certification system, organic products import, resturant industry scale and others will be more influential factors on the market expansion of the organic products in the future.

바이오매스 이용의 사회적 평가

정만철,강충관,박민수 한국유기농업학회 2004 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.12 No.4

Recently, many researches on the biomass of the agricultural and livestock wastes are being conducted in several respects. The use of biomass is of benefit to the curtailment of oil import, environmental pollution decrease, global warming mitigation and so on. And, in the agricultural sphere, making use of agricultural byproducts can contribute to the revitalization of the agricultural industry and rural community. In other words, making new products or energy by using biomass have a possibility to be developed as a new industry. The industry can create new businesses and job opportunities for rural dwellers. Also, major 3 positive effects of market formation for the agricultural wastes, increase of the idle land use and creation of the new business are expected. However, the use of biomass may be difficult to secure a proper right as a market good in the autonomic market economy. It is necessary to establish or amend related laws or systematic tools for the revitalization of the biomass use. Also, it is required for the government to bear partial costs of the facilities and others in the beginning stage.

친환경농업기술을 이용한 벼 재배의 기술체계 및 경제성

박주섭,이상용,강충관 한국유기농업학회 2001 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

Effects of the Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Economic Feasibility and Environmental Sustainability

Choong-Kwan Kang(강충관),Joo-Sub Park(박주섭),Sang-Yong Lee(이상용),Han-Myeong Kim(김한명) 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.1

주년광광농업을 통한 지역경제활성화에 관한 연구

황대용(Hwang Dae-yong),강충관(Kang Choong-Kwan),박주섭(Park Joo-sub) 한국농어촌관광학회 2002 농어촌관광연구 Vol.9 No.1

According to the recent agricultural statistics, farm income level is much lower than that of the urban workers. And the proportion of the off-farm income of Korea is also much lower than that of the Japan and Taiwan.<br/> With rural society turning more modernized and open-marketed, considerable responses are in need to tackle these trends. As one of the possible solutions, green tourism which provides economic and environmental benefits to the rural society attracts great concerns from agricultural sectors.<br/> This study was initiated to identify how should be a successful process of the green tourism by reviewing a Japanese green tourism case. The results imply that for the successful green tourism, it is necessary to operate a standing management office for the program development and information service; to develop creative new events using available resources and environment in the region; to integrate network systems of agricultural, industrial and commercial bases of the region; and to be based on customer-attracting business system.<br/>

일본의 유기농산물 유통실태

정만철 ( Jung Man-chui ),강충관 ( Kang Choong-kwan ) 한국유기농업학회 2003 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.11 No.2

Recently, together with consumers’ increasing concerns on food safety and environmental issues, there is increasing demand on the environmentally friendly agricultural products such as organic products. At present, Japan, as a biggest net importing country of the agricultural products, is a market of the international-scale in the organic product marketing. Also, it is expected that the possibility of market expansion in the future is very high. According to the 2000 agricultural census in Japan, the number of the environment-friendly agricultural farmers were 501,556 householders. This number is about 145 percent higher than that of the 1996 results of 204,600 householders. Organic products in Japan were mainly marketed through the producer and consumer cooperation, producers’ cooperation, specialized marketing company etc. However, along with the department store, big supermarket and others’ participation in the market recently, the marketing channels are diversified. As of October 1999, market sales of the organic products were estimated about 350 billion yen. It is expected that organic certification system, organic products import, resturant industry scale and others will be more influential factors on the market expansion of the organic products in the future.

바이오매스 이용의 사회적 평가

정만철 ( Jung Man-chul ),강충관 ( Kang Choong-kwan ),박민수 ( Park Min-soo ) 한국유기농업학회 2004 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.12 No.4

Recently, many researches on the biomass of the agricultural and livestock wastes are being conducted in several respects. The use of biomass is of benefit to the curtailment of oil import, environmental pollution decrease, global warming mitigation and so on. And, in the agricultural sphere, making use of agricultural byproducts can contribute to the revitalization of the agricultural industry and rural community. In other words, making new products or energy by using biomass have a possibility to be developed as a new industry. The industry can create new businesses and job opportunities for rural dwellers. Also, major 3 positive effects of market formation for the agricultural wastes, increase of the idle land use and creation of the new business are expected. However, the use of biomass may be difficult to secure a proper right as a market good in the autonomic market economy. It is necessary to establish or amend related laws or systematic tools for the revitalization of the biomass use. Also, it is required for the government to bear partial costs of the facilities and others in the beginning stage.