Implementing the Use of Rapid HIV Tests in Public Health Centers in Seoul: Results of a Pilot Project, 2014

강초록,방지환,조성일,김귀남,이희진,이영화,류보영,조수경,오명돈,이종구 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.3

To determine whether rapid HIV tests in public health centers might encourage voluntary HIV testing, a pilot project was conducted in four selected public health centers in Seoul, 2014. During the period April 10 to November 28 of pilot project, 3,356 rapid tests were performed, and 38 were confirmed as positive. The monthly average numbers of voluntary HIV tests and HIV-positive cases were up to nine-fold and six-fold larger, respectively, than those of the period before application of the rapid HIV test. Among 2,051 examinees that completed questionnaires, 90.3% were satisfied. In conclusion, the use of rapid HIV tests in public health centers promoted voluntary HIV testing and was satisfactory for examinees.

일부 흡연 대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 흡연실태에 대한 상관관계 연구

강초록,권시내,권혜림,박수경,송인혜,오해인,이미지,한승아,황선아,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

In spite of the seriousness of smoking harm has been developed these days. the increase of national smoking rate and that the people in the twenties are especially leading the rise of national smoking rate is an important issue of national health. Smoking of the university students can occur health problem and cause loss of manpower and expenses in their social activity period. So then the actual state for prevention of smoking and development of a program to prohibit smoking has to be seized urgently and starting with the study of the realities of university students, the effort to find a related fluent of smoking has to be studied. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to seize the general characteristics of smoking university students and to find out the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students. In addition, by collating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students we have the purpose to furnish the basal data of stress care, the best way to cope with stress through group training and the plan for nursing implementation to decrease the smoking rate. For this study, a survey was conducted for 204 smoking university students of 13 universities in Seoul from 9th of May to 16th of May, 2003. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC. Major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Of the 204 respondents 85.4% of them were male and 14.6% of them were female. The average age of the sample was 23.19 years old and 41.8% of them were in senior, 21.4% in junior, 16.9% in sophomore, 19.9% in freshman grade. The major motivation to start smoking was 'because of curiosity'(33.8%) and the first smoking experience was at 'senior high school' (41.9%) and at 'college' (41.9%). 2 The highest scored stress factor of smoking university students were stresses about school work. 3. 72.7% had experience to quit smoking at least one or more times. Most of the reason to keep on smoking was 'short will to quit'(51.0%) and the smoking place was usually at 'school' (41.4%). Most respondents for the number ofsmoking friends were '5 people and above' (73.2%). 4. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire perceived stress, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the perceived stress in 4 categories which is 'sex distinction', 'major of study', 'residence form' and' inmate'. 5. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire smoking status, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the smoking status in 2 categories which is 'presence of hobby' and 'number of smoking friends'. 6. There was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status. Through this study we have seized the relationship between the general characteristics, perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. There was a positive relationship between some of the general characteristics with the perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. Also there was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status.

학생 감염병 예방 종합대책 5개년 계획(2016~2020)의 한계와 개선방안에 관한 연구

강초록,최영준 한국보건간호학회 2023 韓國保健看護學會誌 Vol.37 No.3

. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the limitations and improvement measures of a five-year School-based Infectious Disease Prevention and Preparedness Plan (2016~2020) and was conducted using in-depth and focus group interviews adopting generic qualitative research methods. Eight public officials were selected as participants: four supervisors, a deputy director from the Office of Education, a senior manager from the District Office of Education, a senior researcher, and a researcher from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Analysis confirmed that the improvement measures have been identified through experiences in responding to COVID-19 regarding ‘strengthening proactive prevention’, ‘strengthening initial response to outbreaks’, ‘strengthening capacity to respond to emerging infectious disease crises’, ‘strengthening measures to return to normal life’, and ‘improving systems and strengthening infrastructure to enhance response capabilities’. The improvement measures explored in this study could be used to strengthen the school response system during infectious disease outbreaks. It is hoped that the results of this study will be useful for establishing the next five-year plan to ensure schools are protected from infectious diseases.

Psychosocial Features Affecting Suicidal Ideation Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Older Adults

강초록,양숙자 한국보건간호학회 2023 韓國保健看護學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

This cross-sectional design study was undertaken to determine the factors associated with suicidal ideation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected older adults. Data from a city-wide representative sample collected by the Seoul Metropolitan Government were used. The cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and March 2013. Participants selected and included in the analysis were HIV-infected adults living in Seoul, and aged 50 years and older. The overall adjusted model showed that being unemployed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-9.57), a history of depression treatment (aOR, 4.61; 95% CI, 1.02-20.66), perceived belongingness (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41-0.99), and psychological functioning (aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.99) were significantly related to suicidal ideation. Psychosocial features were found to be strongly associated with suicidal ideation among HIV-infected older adults. The findings could be useful for HIV nursing consultants to identify HIV-infected older adults who are vulnerable to suicidal ideation. Comprehensive mental health services should be provided as coping resources for HIV-infected older adults who have suicidal ideation.

사회적 차별이 자살생각에 미치는 영향

강초록(Choryok Kang),조영태(Youngtae Cho) 한국인구학회 2012 한국인구학 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 자살생각에 영향을 미치는 사회적 차별의 효과를 검증하고자 성, 연령, 경제상황에 따른 차별인지를 중심으로 자살생각에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하였다. ‘2010년 서울복지 패널조사’에서 서울시 거주 성인남녀 5,846명의 자료를 분석에 이용하였고, 전체 응답자, 여성, 노인을 분석의 대상으로 고려하였다. 분석결과, ‘경제상황 차별’은 전체 응답자와 여성에서 자살생각에 대한 유의한 예측변수로 나타났다. ‘여성 차별’은 스트레스와 우울의 효과를 함께 고려했을 때 여성의 자살생각을 유의하게 설명하지 못했다. ‘노인 차별’은 노인의 자살생각을 예측하는 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 한국 사회의 심각한 사안이나 그동안 간과되어 온 사회적 차별을 해소하는 것이 시급하고 중요함을 함의한다. 차별과 자살생각 간의 연관성을 확인함으로써 향후 차별인지를 고려한 자살 연구에 기초자료를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다. This study examined the effect of social discrimination on suicide ideation focusing on discrimination perception due to sex, age and economic status. The 2010 Seoul Welfare Panel Data was used and 5,846 participants aged 18 and over were analyzed. The results were: First, discrimination due to economic status was significantly associated to high suicide ideation for all respondents and women. Second, the association between sexism(gender discrimination) and suicide ideation was not significant when adjusted for stress and depression. Third, ageism(age discrimination) was strongly related to suicide ideation for the elderly. These findings imply that it is important to curtail the social discrimination and suggest that it may be possible to intervene the association between discrimination and suicide ideation.

Epidemiology of Catheter-related Bloodstream Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Rapid Systematic Literature Review

에르데네투야 볼로르마,강초록,최영준,허주선,조한나 대한의료관련감염관리학회 2023 의료관련감염관리 Vol.28 No.1

Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are serious complications in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We aimed to assess the incidence of CRBSIs in NICUs worldwide and describe the causative organisms. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and KoreaMed databases. We included studies on CRBSIs in NICU settings with data on bacteremia. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis on CRBSI incidence in NICUs, stratified the data according to WHO regions. We compiled data on underlying organisms. Results: Of the 692 studies identified, 71 published between 2011 and 2022 were considered eligible. The pooled incidence of CRBSI per 1000 catheter days in NICUs was 8.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.19; 10.12). Stratifying by WHO regions, the CRBSI incidence per 1000 catheter days was 10.38 (95% CI, 3.86; 16.90) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), 11.77 (95% CI, 9.20; 14.35) in the European Union Region (EUR), 5.94 (95% CI, 3.87; 8.00) in the Western Pacific Region (WPR), and 6.71 (95% CI, 4.39; 9.03) in the Region from the Americas (AMR). Of the 2887 bacterial strains, 73.4% (n=2118) were gram-positive bacteria, 18.9% (n=547) were gram-negative bacteria, and 7.8% (n=225) were fungi. Coagulasenegative Staphylococci (n=1380, 65.2%) were the most common pathogen among the grampositive types, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n=318, 15%). Among the CRBSI gramnegative cultures, Klebsiella spp. (n=201, 36.7%) was the primary pathogen. Conclusion: We found a substantial burden of CRBSIs in NICUs across the globe. Our findings highlight the need to improve the implementation of global and local strategies to reduce CRBSIs in NICUs.

Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccination Program in Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Cases in Children in Seoul, Korea

이영화,최영준,조성일,강초록,방지환,오명돈,이종구 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.12

A universal one-dose varicella vaccination program was introduced in 2005 in Republic of Korea. However, the incidence of varicella in Korea has tripled over the last decade. We conducted a community based 1:1 matched case-control study to assess the effectiveness of one MAV strain-based vaccine and three Oka strain-based vaccines licensed for use in Korea. All cases were children in Seoul, Korea with varicella who were reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System in Seoul during 2013. The controls were age-matched children with mumps or scarlet fever but no history of varicella. We included 537 cases and 537 controls. The overall effectiveness of one dose of varicella vaccination was 13% (95% confidence interval [CI], −17.3–35.6). Of the four licensed varicella vaccines, only one was highly effective (88.9%; 95% CI, 52.1–97.4). The vaccine effectiveness for the other vaccines were 71.4% (95% CI, −37.5–94.1), −5% (95% CI, −61.9–31.9), and −100% (95% CI, −700–50.0). The overall effectiveness of vaccination was 75.8% (95% CI, 22.8–92.4) in the first year after vaccination and decreased thereafter; the effectiveness became −7.2% (95% CI, −130.9–59.2) in the fourth year after vaccination. Further studies are warranted to investigate reduced effectiveness of varicella vaccines in Korea.