1992년도 춘계 학술강연 및 발표대회 개요 - 가공 ( 발표 48 ) : 수직관상로에서의 결정성장시 thermosolutal 대류에 관한 실험적 연구

강만석,이진형,이병준 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1992 대한금속재료학회 학술대회 개요집 Vol.1992 No.1

韓國의 豪雨發生의 原因에 의거한 地域性

姜萬石 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1993 연구논문집 Vol.46 No.1

The regional distribution of the average precipitation of heavy rainfall, the regional number of precipitation with classified and the regional trend of the occurrence of heavy rainfall are analized with the data observed from 1920 to 1939 and from 1971 to 1989. The regional classification is carried out by using the six factors which caused the heavy rainfall. In case of the occurrence frequency of heavy rainfall, the heavy rainfall caused by the extratropical cyclone occurs predominantly in the southern coastal area and the southwestern part of Cheju-do, white the one caused by the typhoon does in Kyongsangbuk-do, and the one caused by the changma front does in the other areas. According to the distribution of average precipitation of heavy rainfall, the heavy precipitation area is predominantly in the southern coastal area(about 140mm/day) due to the typhoon and the extratropical cyclone, and is in the middle district(about 130mm/day) due to the changma front. The light precipitation area(100-110mm/day) is seen in the middle district and Kyongsangbuk-do due to the extratropical cyclone, and is in Kyongsangbuk-do due to the changma front, and is in the central inland due to the typhoon. In the secular change of the occurrence of heavy rainfall, the variation of occurrence frequency is higher in the southern coastal area than Chollabuk-do and Kyongsangbuk-do. And it trends towards the decrease in the all region in 1920s and 1930s, particularly it dose towards the decrease largely in the middle district except the northern part of Kyonggi-do and Yongdong area. On the contrary, it trends towards the increase in 1970s and 1980s all over the country, such a trend is largely seen in the greater part of Kyongsangnam-do and Chungchongbuk-do.

韓國의 氣壓配置氣候學的 考察

姜萬石 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1979 연구논문집 Vol.21 No.2

Recently, it is frequently taken for the synoptic climatological method to investigate the climatic characteristics by dealing with air currents, pressure fields, air masses, and weather types synthetically. In this paper, the daily pressure patterns for twenty years 1956~1975 in Korean are classified six major typers and eleven minor types by the Yoshino-Fukuoka's approack (1967). The characteristics of every types is explained by the monthly and five-day periods of pressure patterns. According to the singularities from curves of five-day frequency of pressure patterns, I determine the duration of ten natural seasons. Through the above procedure the findings are as follows: (1) According to the monthly frequency of pressure pattern types, the winter monsoon pattern shows the highest frequency in December, January, and February, the frequency of the migratory hign pattern and the trough reveals largely in March, April, and November, the frontal pattern occurs much in July and August, and the migratory high does frequently in May, June, September, and October. And according to the annual frequency of pressure pattern, the migratory high occupies the highest position as 33.9%, secondly the trough, the frontal, the winter monsoon, and the summer reach 24.3%~4.3%, the typhoon with the least frequency is more than 2.0%. (2) The frequency of the winter monsoon pattern is dominant in winter, the frequency of the frontal, the summer, and the typhoon is high in summer, and that of the trough is great in spring, autumn, an winter. (3) As a result of examining the monthly frequency of the five-year periods about main pressure pattern types, the months trend to increase in the frequency of these periode come out a ascendant tendency as approaching of up-to-date, on the contrary the months which are in a decreasing trend show the few frequency as coming up to the recent periods. (4) Considering th fluctuation of curves of five-day frequency in the tenyear periods (1956~1965, 1966~1975) and the twenty -year period (1956~1975), there are some differences. This is due to have been influenced on the seasonal change by the climatic fluctuation. (5) Natural seasons are divided into ten seasons by the singularities of five-day periods of pressure patterns, namely, winter, late winter, early spring, spring,early summer, the Jangma, summer, the Ga-eul Jangma, autumn, and early winter. Winter continues for five months from November to March, spring appears in April and May, Summer does in June, July, and August, and autumn is composed of September and October, This seasonal calendar is different from the common one in the duration of every season with a difference of one or two months.

韓國氣候地域의 變化傾向

姜萬石 대구교육대학교 1970 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

우리나라의 氣溫變化가 觀測時代以來 最近의 60餘年間을 通해서 年平均氣溫 約 1℃ 程度 上昇率을 나타냈다고 하나 箇箇年의 Koppen氣候를 決定하는데 別로 影響이 없었고 降水量은 緯度的 地理的 位置로 相當한 變化가 나타났는데 夏季와 冬季와의 差異뿐 아니라 最寡雨月과 最多雨月과의 差異에서도 볼 수 있었다. 降水量에 依한 季節的 區分은 北部의 關北地方을 除外한 大部分의 地域에서 同一하게 나타나는데 夏季를 4月에서 9月까지로 冬季를 10月에서 3月까지로 區分했고, 最寡雨月 降水量과 最多雨月 降水量과의 比率은 高緯度地方과 內陸地方일수록 높게 나타나고 東斜面보다 西斜面에서 高率을 보이고 있는 바 그 比率의 幅은 5에서 40까지이고 f型이 되는 10以下는 南西部海岸 東海岸一部 濟州島北斜面 鬱陵島 等地이고 10以上이 大部分의 地域을 占하여 w型이 支配的인 것을 알 수 있으며 典型的인 f型의 出現地域은 鬱陵島에 限하고 있다. 每年의 氣候型의 累年出現頻度에 依하면 北部 中部地方의 Dwa, 南部地方의 Cwa, 北東部 海岸地方의 Dwb 鬱陵島의 Cfa가 優勢하고 關部의 乾操地方에서는 BS의 出現이 있다. 氣候型의 地域的 變化에 있어서 우리 나라는 溫帶와 冷帶의 漸移地帶에 續하여 C氣候와 D氣候가 交替하고 있고 大陸의 影響이 커서 D型과 a型의 氣候地域이 가장 넓으며 降水現象도 大陸性이 크게 作用하여 w型이 優越하다. 이러한 現象은 冬季에 뚜렷한데 우리 나라 北部에 걸쳐있는 寒冷前線帶가 크게 作用한데 있다. 이런 關係로 우리 나라는 多樣한 氣候型이 出現하여 한 地點에서 普遍的으로 2箇 乃至 3箇의 다른 種類의 氣候型이 나타나고 있다. 氣候型의 時期別 變化를 보면 週期性이나 法則性은 究明하기 힘들고 主로 몇年의 間隔을 두고 Cfa가 Cwa로 Cwa Dwa로, Dwa로 Cwa가, Dwb가 Dwa나 BS로 變化한 것을 認知할 수 있고, 또 어떤 氣候가 어떤 해에 强力하게 出現하고 있는 것도 알 수 있는데 Cfa는 1937년1, 1950年, 1951年에서 Cwa는 1921年, 1924年, 1949年, 1954年에서 Dwa는 1922年, 1933年, 1934年, 1936年, 1940年, 1945年, 1963年에서 Dwb는 1936年에서 BS는 1937年, 1940年에서 그 特色을 찾아볼 수 있다. In this paper, I apply Russel's "Year Climate" to the description of climatic change of Korea. For the purpose, monthly average air temperature and precipitation are applied to Koppen's climatic types. Among 25 stations in Korea, the number of places where the normal climate does not coincide with their most frequently experienced types counts eight stations. In Korea the normal type of Cwa, Dwa and Dwb climate, based on the frequency of year climate for about 60 years since 1904, is liable to occur at many places and these dominate largely over the climatic areas in this country. As for the secular change of the climate areas, some remarkable features are found. For the change of climatic areas where the notation Cfa→Cwa means that the climatic type of Cfa is most liable to alter to Cwa type, the following tendencies are discernible Cfa→Cwa Cwa↔Dwa Dwb→Dwa or BS. Considering the remarkable years that a certain climatic type appeared predominatly, Cfa type appeared in 1937 and 1950; Cwa type did in 1921, 1924, 1949 and 1954; Dwa type did in 1922, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1940, 1945 and 1963; Dwb did in 1936 and BS type did in 1937 and 1940.

韓國의 氣溫의 因子分析

姜萬石 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1996 연구논문집 Vol.53 No.2

The monthly regionality and its factors of the daily average temperature observed from 1931 to 1990 are analized with the factor scores in 66 stations. In the distribution of the temperature in spring(from March to May), the regionality appears in the inland and the coast owing to the temperature in summer(from June to August) appears along the E-W direction due to the inflows of the westerly winds in the greater part of whole country, on the other hand the maritime high has influence on the southern region during August. And the one in autumn(from September to October) does along the S-N direction in the southern region and the E-W direction in the cental region. The factors of the latitude and the sea have influence on the southern region, while the ones of the westerly wind and Taebek mountain range do on the cental region. The regionality of the winter temperature appears along S-N direction and symmetrizes between the eastern coast and the western coast. These phenomena have been influenced by the factors of the north-westerly or westerly winds, the latitude, the distribution of land water and Taebek mountain range. The local characteristics of the distribution of the temperature can be found in some regions. The regionality in Cheju-do due to the influence of the latitude and the sea appears in autumn and inter(from January to march, from September to December), while the counterpart in the eastern slopes owing to the influence of Taebek mountain range and the current seems to reflect during the period except June and August. In the case of Ullung-do caused by the influence of the sea, the regionality appears during the three seasons except winter evidently during July. The temperature in Taegwallyong caused by the altitude shows the particularity during the period except January and December.

韓國의 月降水量의 變動率

姜萬石 대구교육대학교 1976 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

I study the changing rate of the monthly precipitation that has the successive records for more than 30years and the period between 1905 and 1961 in 86 stations. In this paper, I study the regional distribution and the seasonal variation of the changing rate by the Beil's method. The results of the studies are as follows: 1. The changing rate of monthly precipitation appears to be 42%~70% and is higher than that of annual, Summer and Winter season. 2. The areal distribution of monthly changing rate takes form a low rate region in northern area except northeastern coast, Honam area and the islands of Jeju and Ulreung during the year, and does a low rate region in northeastern coast of Gwanbug, Yeongdong and Yeongnam are between April and September but does a high rate region between October and March. 3. The seasonal variation of monthly precipitation has some differences in areas, but according to the average of the whole country, the changing trend continuously decreases from the maximum rate appeared in January to the minimum in May, and appears the slow increasing trend after May while it constitutes the second minimum rate in August and the second maximum rate in October. Increasing fast, it comes to reach the maximum rate in January. 4. The maximum changing rate of monthly precipitation appears in January and the minimum of that does in May. The appearance of the maximum and minimum rate predonimant in Korea is not on a nationwide scale in the regional distribution, because it is largely shown up in middle area and a part of southern area. Otherwise the regions appeared the maximum are in northern area in February and in southern area in October and December, and that found out the minumum are in southern area in April and August and in Gwanseo in July. 5. The ampitude of changing rate comes out about 10% between April and September and does about 50% between October and March. It is so wide in Winter than Summer that the phenomenon of the rainfall in winter is unstable. 6. Owing to the topographical influence of Hamgyeong, Taebaeg and Sobaeg mountains, the changing rate of October, November and December is composed of the east-west direction; the changing rate on the windward slopes represents at a low rate than that on the rain-shadow slopes appeared at a high rate.

南韓에 있어서 季節別 氣壓配置型과 平均氣溫·降水量과의 相關에 관한 地域的 硏究

姜萬石 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1984 연구논문집 Vol.28 No.2

The aim of this paper is to analyze the regional correlation between the pressure patterns and the mean temperatures and precipitation of every season which were obtained from the data observed at the thirteen stations in South korea during the period from 1956 to 1980. The results of the analysis may be summarized as follows. The correlation coefficients show the significant correlations all over the country. The positive correlations are shown between the summer temperature and the patternⅤ, between the summer precipitation and the patternⅣ and between the autumnal precipitation and the patternⅣ. The negative correlation is indicated between the autumnal precipitation and the patternⅢ on the other hand. On the basis of the distribution charts of the correlation coefficients, some reveal the significant correlations in the certain regions and the others do little significance. There is barely significant correlation between the spring temperature and the pattern I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ. The drop in the spring temperature occurs in the entire South Korea under the influence of the pattern I, particularly in the southern region. The drop in the temperature by the pattern Ⅳ appears in the eastern slope. The spring temperature rises under the action of the patternⅢ and Ⅳ, and such rising trend moves toward the E-W direction. The summer temperature is primarily under the control of the patternⅤ and secondarily under the influence of pattern Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Such tendency is stronger when it moves from the middle region to the southern region. The correlations between the autumnal temperature and the pattern Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ have little significance. Such trend is becoming weaker in the direction of NE. The rising of the autumnal temperature is under the action of the patternⅣ. The significant correlation is found in the inland of Chonbuk and the island of Cheju. The dropping of the autumnal temperatures under the influence of the pattern I,ⅡandⅢ. The falling of the winter temperature is controlled by the pattern I. In the respect the significant correlation can be noticed in the Kyonggi district and the south-eastern region. The rising of the winter temperature is influenced by the pattern Ⅱand Ⅲ without showing any significance in terms of the degree of correlation. In the spring precipitation, the increasing trend controlled by the patternⅣ and the decreasing trend controlled by the decreasing trend controlled by the patternⅢ are greater when one moves from the east coast to the west cast. The summer precipitation is mainly increased by the influence of the patternⅣ all over the country. The precipitation indicates fairly significant correlation in the inland of the southern region. The decreasing phenomenon of the precipitation in summer influenced by the patternⅤincreases when it moves from the middle region to the southern region. In the autumnal precipitation, the increasing phenomenon controlled by the patternⅣ and the decreasing phenomenon influenced by the patternⅢ are composed of the regions of the fairly significant correlations in the entire South Korea except the eastern slope. Especially it is intensive in the Chonbuk district. The correlations between the winter precipitation and the pattern I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ are hardly significant. The changing trend of the correlations appears along the E-W direction.

韓國 豪雨의 氣候學的 特性

姜萬石 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1992 연구논문집 Vol.44 No.1

The distribution of heavy rainfalls in both the monthly occurrence and the causal one, and the trend of the occurrence of heavy rain are analized with the data observed during 1920-1939 and 1971-1989. The regional classification is carried out by using the six factors. The synoptic analysis of the six cases is performed. The heavy rain mostly occurs during the rainy season from June to September, and the heavy rainfall results from such pressure systems as extratropical cyclone, changma front and typhoon. The areas with frequen시 heavy rains are the southern coastal area, the central area and Cheju-do. In the change of the frequency of heavy rainfalls, it trends towards the decrease in 1920s and 1930s, and does towards the increase in 1970s and 1980s. Such a trend depends greatly upon the changma type and the July type among the six causal types and the four montly types. According to the regional classification based on t도 dendrogram, they are divided into the six regions which are symmerically distributed with the axis crossing through the middle of Chollabuk-do and Kyongsangbuk-do. The inflows of the humid south-westerly or southerly winds at 850mb level are prevalent on the days with the heavy rainfall.

韓國의 氣候的 植生帶

姜萬石 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1978 연구논문집 Vol.20 No.1

In this paper, I treat of the distribution of vegetation division by records of monthly mean temperature and monthly average precipitation from 1931 to 1960 in Korea, and explain climatic characteristics of vegetation regions which are composed of woody plant and herbaceous plant. the results of the analysis may be summarized as follows: (1) The vegetation zone of woody plant and herbaceous plant are divided into three types by three climatic regions. That zone of herbaceous plant is divided into six types based on the method of Klima-diagramm. (2) The forest zone is classified according to temperature and amount of precipitation. The approximate boundary line between the evergreen needle-leaved forest region and the deciduous brad-leaved forest region is decided by warmth index 85, precipitaiton effectiveness ratio 60, and potential evapotranspiration 650. And the demarcation between the deciduous broad-leaved forest region and the evergreen broad-leaved forest region is fixed on warmth index 110, continentality 58, and oceanity 13. (3) According to temperature of 0.5℃ and 1.0℃ in the type of the hotest month, the herbaceous plant is classified into the continental type (Forage type, Sasamorpha type), the transitional type (Miscanthus type, Pteridium type), and the maritime type (Zoysia type, Phragmites type). While, in case of setting up continentality 67 and 55 as a criterion of classifying grasslands, there are appeared some differences in location. (4) The grassland region based on temperature and precipitation are divided into six homoclimatic types which show N-S direction in southern are and E-W direction in northern are. The regional arrangement of three grassland types caused by temperature appears N-S direction in the whole country. (5) In the climatic characteristics of the vegetation zone, the frigid zone is cool in summer and severe in winter, and is belonged to the cold temperate climate within the annual range of temperature of being between 35℃ and 44℃. The amount of precipitation in this zone is between 500mm and 950mm. The temperate zone which has hat summer and comparatively cold winter is compounded the warm temperate climatic region and the cold temperate climatic region. Annual precipitation reached between 950mm and 1300mm is more than that of the frigid zone. The subtropical zone has hot summer and mild winter as a maritime climatic region, so the annual range of temperature becomes the smallest. Since it precipitates normally between 1300mm and 1800mm in a year, this zone forms the heaviest rainfall area.

南韓의 降水量偏差에 關한 地域的 考察

姜萬石 대구교육대학교 1972 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

I asnalysis deveation of long period-rainfall in South Korea by application of T.Schumann's method to the research of regional characteristics, tendency of variation and character of deviation. 1. The deviation of annual precipitation appears below 50% considering the average for almost all the observed period in South Korea. The trend of rainfall in the Southern Coastland is similar to the average and the trend of rainfall in the Nam Han Gang drainage basin is different from the average. 2. In the number of appearance of precipitation deviation, the heavy rainfall above the average is fewer than the light rainfall below the average in lower deviation and the heavy rainfall only appears in higher deviation. 3. The variational trend of rainfall is classified into two patterns: the regualr pattern appeared in the Eastern slopes of the Taebek Mts. and the Southern Coast land to the east of the Yosu Penn. and the irregular pattern appeared in the other regions which showed a stable pattern in the 1290s and an unstable pattern in the 1930s. 4. The climate of South Korea based on the precipitation deviation is classified into ten climate regions. Climate classification is mainly related to land forms, direction of winds watershed and currents but it is scarcely connected with the distribution of precipitation.