아세틸콜린과 콜레시스토키닌에 의한 사람 담낭 수축시 이용되는 칼슘의 근원

강동묵,이종균,이풍렬,이종철,윤용범,엄대용 대한소화기학회 1998 대한소화기학회지 Vol.31 No.6

Background/Aims: Gallbladder contraction regulates the bile flow during digestive period and pevents stasis of the lithogenic bile. In addition, abnormal gallbladder motility may cause recurtent biliary pain or biliary dyskinesia. Acetylcholine (ACh) and cholecystokinin (CCK) are major neurohormonal mediators in gallbladder contraction. In addition, an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration is a common event resulting in smooth muscle contraction. This study was designed to identify the sources of calcium utilized in gallbladder smooth muscle contraction mediated by ACh and CCK in human. Methods: By measuring the contractile forces of the muscle strips and the intracellular free Ca^(2+) conentration, Ca^(2+) sources utilized in muscle contraction were estimated. Results: The ACh-induced contractile response was accentuated after a twofold increment of the extracellular calcium concentration. The contractile response to ACh was markedly blocked by verapamil (10 μM) and was significantly potentiated by Bay-K 8644 (1 μM). Preventing Ca^(2+)release from the internal stores by strontium (4 mM) reduced the contractile response to ACh and CCK. The inhibitory effect was greater in the response to CCK than in the response to ACh Depletion of IP3-sensitive calcium stores by a high concentration of hista mine (50 μM) significantly inhibited the contractile response to CCK. The intfacellular caleium concentration was increased slowly on ACh-induced contraction but rapidly on CCK-induced contraction which was similar to the behavior of caffeine. Conclusions: These results suggest that ACh utilizes both intracellular and extracellular calcium, mainly extracellular calcium, whereas CCK utilizes calcium from intracellular calcium stores.

육체적 작업부하가 타액 코르티솔농도에 미치는 영향

강동묵,손병민,고상백,손미아,김정원,장준호,조병만,이수일 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

목적: 작업부하는 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신 축에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 생산직 작업자들에서도 직무스트레스 관련 요인들이 신경내분비계에 영향을 미치는 것으로 연구되어 왔으나, 기존의 연구는 개인의 생리적 차이를 반영한 육체적 작업부하를 정량적으로 평가하지 못하였다. 본 연구에서는 활동적 작업과 정적인 작업 등 작업의 다양한 형태를 포함하여, 직무스트레스를 보정한 후 객관적 도구를 사용하여 육체적 작업부하를 평가함으로써 육체적 작업부하가 코르티솔 조절에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 주물업, 선박건조업, 정밀기계 조립업 각 1개 사업장을 대상으로, 사전에 연구목적을 공지한 후 연구에 자원한 작업자 110 중 과거 당뇨, 고혈압 등 호르몬 조절에 영향을 줄 수 있는 질환자를 제외한 102녕을 연구대상으로 하였고, 연구대상 110명 중 오전 또는 오후 타액을 채취하지 못했거나 심박수 측정을 하지 못하였던 15명을 제외한 87명을 최종 분석에 포함하였다. 육체적 작업부하는 심박동 측정기를 착용하여 RHR (relative heart rate)을 구하여 평가하였다. 직무스트레스는 Karasek의 Job Content Questionnaire를 사용하였다. 호르몬 분비양상을 보기위해 오전 8시~9시, 오후 5~6시에 타액을 채취하여 코르티솔 농도를 분석하였다. 결과: 직무스트레스를 포함하여 코르티솔 분비에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 보정하였을 때, RHR이 높은 군에서 오전 코르티솔 농도는 증가 (β=60.32, S.E.=26.35, p=0.0266)하였고, 오후 코르티솔 농도는 감소 (β=-7.43, S.E.=29.73, p=0.8044)하였으며, 오전-오후 코르티솔 농도차는 증가 (β=72.10, S.E.=35.50, p=0.0509)하였다. 결론: 육체적 작업부하는 각성의 효과를 가져 오전 코르티솔 농도를 증가시키고, 육체적 부하로 인한 신경내분비계통의 고갈 효과로 인하여 오후의 코르티솔 농도를 감소시켜 코르티솔 농도의 일중 변동폭을 증가시킨다. 따라서 과도한 작업부하로 인한 육체적 소진은 신경내분비계통에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 생각된다. Objectives: Workload is known to affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Although many studies had revealed that job stress related factors could affect the neuroendocrine system among blue-collar workers, these studies had limitations as they had not evaluated the workload by objective methods which took into consideration individual physiological differences. This study was conducted to evaluated the effects of physical workload adjusted job stress on cortisol regulation by using objective tools for workers having various hob tasks. Methods: Among 110 foundry workers, shipyard workers, and fine machine assemblers for whom saliva samples were obtained, 102 without any past history of conditions that could affect hormonal regulation such as diabetes, and hypertension were included in this study. Among the 102 study participants, 15 workers whose saliva for morning or afternoon or heart rate monitoring data was not attained were excluded from the final analysis. Workload was evaluated by RHR (relative heart rate) using a heart rate monitor, and job stress was evaluated by Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire. Saliva samples were gathered during 8~9 am and 5~6 pm, and salivary cortisol levels were analysed by radioimmunoassay. Results: After adjusting several variables which could cortisol secretion including job stress, among the higher RHR group morning salivary cortisol level was increased (β=60.32, S.E.=26.35, p=0.0266), afternoon salivary cortisol level was decreased (β=-7.43, S.E.=29.73, p=0.8044), and salivary cortisol level difference between morning and afternoon was increased (β=72.10, S.E.=35.50, p=0.0509). Conclusions: As physical workload increases morning cortisol level, which is caused by the effect of arousal, and decreases afternoon cortisol level, which is caused by exhaustion, physical workload enlarges the width of diurnal cortisol variance. Therefore, physical exhaustion due to excessive workload could have adverse effects on the neuroendocrine system.

Association with Combined Occupational Hazards Exposure and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Workers' Health Examination Cohort 2012–2021

강동묵,이은수,Kim Tae-Kyoung,Kim Yoon-Ji,Lee Seungho,이우주,심현만,김세영 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2023 Safety and health at work Vol.14 No.3

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to occupational hazards and the metabolic syndrome. A secondary objective was to analyze the additive and multiplicative effects of exposure to risk factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort was based on 31,615 health examinees at the Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital in Republic of Korea from 2012e2021. Demographic and behavior-related risk factors were treated as confounding factors, whereas three physical factors, 19 organic solvents and aerosols, and 13 metals and dust were considered occupational risk factors. Time-dependent Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios. Results: The risk of metabolic syndromewas significantly higher in night shift workers (hazard ratio¼1.45: 95% confidence interval¼1.36e1.54) and workerswho were exposed to noise (1.15:1.07e1.24). Exposure to some other risk factors was also significantly associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. They were dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, trichloroethylene, xylene, styrene, toluene, dichloromethane, copper, antimony, lead, copper, iron, welding fume, and manganese. Among the 28 significant pairs, 19 exhibited both positive additive and multiplicative effects. Conclusions: Exposure to single or combined occupational risk factors may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Working conditions should be monitored and improved to reduce exposure to occupational hazards and prevent the development of the metabolic syndrome.

석면의 과거환경성 노출 추정 : 인도네시아 방문경험

강동묵,황용식 대한산업의학회 2008 대한직업환경의학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.41 No.-

석면 피해 인정기준 고찰

강동묵 대한직업환경의학회 2010 대한직업환경의학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.44 No.-

Psychological Intervention for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Witnesses of a Fatal Industrial Accident in a Workers' Health Center

강동묵,김세영,김윤지,김정안 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.4

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious problem not only among workers who experience industrial accidents but also among workers who witness such accidents. Early intervention is needed to prevent prolonged psychological problems. There has been no study conducted regarding the psychological problems of and interventions for bystander workers in Korea. This study introduces the experience of intervention on psychological problems at the Busan Workers' Health Center workers who witnessed their colleagues' death. An investigation and an intervention were conducted according to the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) Guide. In total, 21 individuals including indirect observers showed statistical differences on scores of the Impact Event Scale Revised and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 after the intervention. Future interventions and research involving a larger sample size over a longer period are needed. The KOSHA Guide could be a useful tool for urgent psychological intervention in the event of major workplace disasters.

Fine, Ultrafine, and Yellow Dust: Emerging Health Problems in Korea

강동묵 대한의학회 2014 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.29 No.5

근골격계 질환

강동묵,Gang, Dong-Muk 대한산업보건협회 2007 산업보건 Vol.231 No.-

인공적으로 탈수를 일으킨 반추류에서 몇가지 수액의 경구투여 효과

강동묵,양일석,이인세,Kang, Dong-mook,Yang, Il-suk,Lee, In-se 대한수의학회 1990 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

Effects of oral administration of electrolyte solutions were studied in experimentally dehydrated adult sheep. By the latin square method five ruminal fistulated sheep were examined and dehydrated by deprivation of feed and water for 72 hours. Tap water, physiological saline, 0.45% NaCl+120 mM/L glucose and 0.9% NaCl+1% propylene glycol solution were orally administrated after dehydration, respectively. Rehydration effect and modification of the rumen function were compared. 1. After 72 hours of deprivation of feed and water, sheep were hypertonic dehydrated and blood acid-base parameters were not significantly changed. And there was marked increase in ruminal pH and decrease in ruminal total volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentration. 2. After the fluids administration the changes in blood acid-base parameters were not significant in all groups. 3. Although glucose fermentation in the rumen was observed, 0.45% NaCl+120 mM/L glucose was more effective in rehydration than physiological saline and tap water. But it was difficult to know the rehydration effect of 0.9% NaCl+1% propylene glycol solution exactly because of excessive increase in plasma osmolality. 4. After refeeding, total concentration and proportions of ruminal volatile fatty acid(VFA) were not significantly different among groups and recovered to normal concentration but not in proportions after 2 days in all groups. 5. In vitro cultured ruminal protozoa were susceptible to the decrease of the pH and osmolality.

내분비계 장애물질의 인체영향

강동묵 인제대학교 낙동강환경연구소 2000 심포지움(인제대학교 부설 환경연구소 발표논문집) Vol.- No.9