("동의보감"에서 도인 홍화 (桃仁 紅花)를 사용한 처방에 대한 형상의학적 고찰

강경화,이용태,Kang, Kyung-Hwa,Lee, Yong-Tae 대한동의생리학회 2006 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.20 No.6

Following conclusions were drawn from the examination of the usage of semen persicae and fols carthami from the view of Hyungsang Medicine. Semen persicae is used to vitalize the blood flow and eliminate the blood stagnation of the whole body in ${\ulcorner}$Donguibogam${\lrcorner}$, and therefor it is used for the blood flow of the heptal meridian and sometimes the intestinal meridian. Flos carthami is applied to vitalize the blood flow, remove obstructions in meridians, eliminate the blood stagnations, and stop the pain in ${\ulcorner}$Donguibogam${\lrcorner}$, therefore used in such symptoms of blood flow of the heptal meridian as amenorrhea, spasm of muscles, and coldness of the genitals. Also is applied in those cases of exhaustion, perspiration, and in digestive remedies which belong to the symptoms of cardiac blood flow. And it is used for dryness of the skin in which case the blood should be developed and malaria for the elimination of the blood stagnation and production of new blood. The combination of semen persicae and flos carthami is applied to eliminate the blood stagnation and stimulate menstrual discharge in uterus, as well as in the cases of lumbago and stomachache due to blood stagnation, blood stasis, mass in the abdomen, and abdominal distention. This combination is also used for the eyes, ears, numbness, and paralysis of hands and feet for the purpose of making the flow of the meridian smooth, and for diabetes, dryness of the skin, malaria, anal itching and pain for the purpose of eliminating the mass and renewing the tissues. The combination is diversly used in the book of ${\ulcorner}$Special lectures on clinical cases${\lrcorner}$ for the aftereffects of traffic accident, constipation, diabetes, dryness of the skin, paralysis of hands and feet, numbness of finger of hand and foot, and especially used frequently with prescription of Yijintang and Samultang combined in the cases of numbness. The prescription is used in Hyungsang medicine when the uterus, the external appearance(axis), hands and feet, heart, and the stomach is not good for the vitalization of the flow of the 12 meridians. It was though difficult to find extinguishing differences between the two herbs in the clinical cases applied in the book of ${\ulcorner}$Special lectures on clinical cases${\lrcorner}$.

교맥(蕎麥)의 비만세포 염증매개물질의 분비와 $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ 신호전달에 미치는 효과

강경화,Kang, Kyung-Hwa 대한동의생리학회 2012 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Fagopyrum esculentum(FE) is an important food crop and medicinal plant that is used to improve diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and constipation in Korea, but the underlying mechanisms involved in its anti-allergic activity are not fully understood. We investigated the effects on the release of inflammatory mediator and proximal signal events in $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$-mediated RBL-2H3 cell activation. FE reduced antigen (DNP-HSA)-induced release of histamine, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and cysteinyl Leukotriene (cysLT) in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. In addition, it inhibited antigen-induced HDC2 and COX-2 and 5-LO mRNA expression in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. FE also suppressed antigen-induced $Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\beta}$ and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\gamma}$ subunit mRNA expression in these cells. To identify the mechanisms underpinning the inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and PGD2 and cysLT by FE, we examined the proximal signal events of intracellular FceRI signaling molecules. FE suppressed antigen-induced phosphorylation of Lyn, Syk, LAT, $PLC{\gamma}1$, PI3K, Akt and cPLA2. Collectively, the anti-allergic effects of FE in vitro suggest its possible therapeutic application to inflammatory allergic diseases, in which its inhibition of inflammatory mediator and FceRI-dependent signaling events in mast cells may be hugely beneficial.

영지(靈芝) 약침(藥鍼)과 영지(靈芝) 추출액의 항알레르기 효과에 대한 연구

강경화,윤현민,Kang, Kyung-Hwa,Youn, Hyoun-Min 대한약침학회 2007 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.10 No.3

Objectives We studied on anti-allergic effects of Ganoderma lucidum herbal acupuncture(GHA) and Ganoderma lucidum extract(GE). Methods In vivo, Animals were herbal-acupunctured GHA at both B13s three times for 5 days. Then, we investigated compound 48/80-induced active systemic anaphylatic shock using ICR mice and anti-DNP IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis using Sprague Dawley rat. In vitro, we measured cell viability, b-hexosaminidase release, IL-4 and TNF-a from RBL-2H3 cells, and nitric oxide from Raw264.7 cell after treatment of GE of various concentrations. Results In vivo, GHA pretreatments at both B13s inhibited compound 48/80-induced active systemic anaphylatic shock. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were inhibited by GHA10 and OP. In vitro, $0.1\;{\sim}\;2%$ GE treatments were not affect on cell viability and inhibited b-hexosaminidase release, IL-4, TNF-a and nitric oxide. Conclusions These results suggest that GHA and GE may be beneficial in the inhibition of allergic inflammatory response.

형상의학적(形象醫學的) 관점(觀点)에서 본 경락이론(經絡理論)의 임상활용(臨床活用)

강경화,송춘호,김형규,이용태,Kang, Kyung-Hwa,Song, Choon-Ho,Kim, Hyung-Gyu,Lee, Yong-Tae 경락경혈학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objective & Methods : In the point of several medical books included 'Internal Classic' and Hyungsang medicine, the writer studied about meridian theory and it's disorders, after adapting to acupuncture and herb medicine. Results : 1. Dr. Jisan explained concretely physiological and pathological meridian appearances with using metaphor about phenomenons of nature and human living. 2. Shapes corresponding to meridian are considered as Yukkyunghyung formed by more or less of vigor and blood, and by tendency of up and down in eyes and nose, and also contained diseases of viscera and characters. 3. The colors connected with meridian are changed according to conditions, and meridian is seen through colors. And then colors is the properties of vital energy and symbol of spirit, that is expressed as aspect of essence, vigor, spirit and blood, as the original color of five viscera, as the colors of four seasons and as the colors of diseases. So the changes of feelings are appeared to meridian flow. 4. The method of examining pulse for meridian disorders is applied to Jisan diagram. Jisan diagram is devised from mutual communication of viscera and connection with inside and outside. It is conjugated widely in clinical examination to be distinguished into Dam-Bangkwang, into diseased part of viscera and into meridian. Also it is conjugated recuperation of diseases. 5. The meridian diseases are appeared all the distributed parts of meridian, especially skin, hair, eyebrow, and the ends of the extremities which are sensitive to stimulus. The causes are the disharmony between vital energy and blood and the discordance of six atmospheric variation. The symptoms are skinny aches, itching and eruption, etc. Conclusions : The acupuncture of Hyungsang medicine which utilizes classification of shapes, examining pulse according to Jisan diagram and demonstration of symptoms, is very effective and required systematical study from now on.

교맥의 RBL-2H3 비만세포 탈과립과 cytokine 생산 억제 효과

강경화,이승연,Kang, Kyung-Hwa,Lee, Seung-Yeon 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2012 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Objectives : Fagopyrum esculentum(FE) has been used for removal of inflammation of internal organs and treatment of sore and ulcer by heat toxin in Korean herbal medicines. In this study, To investigated the protective effect of FE on allergic response, we determined whether FE inhibits allergic response. Methods : The effect of FE was analyzed by ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blot in RBL-2H3 cells. We investigated cell viability, ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase, as a marker of degranulation, cytokne, and intracellular ROS and MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling. Results : We found that FE suppressed ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release, the production of IL-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ and intracellular ROS level in RBL-2H3 by the anti-DNP IgE plus DNP-HSA stimulation. FE also significantly inhibited cytokine mRNA expressions, such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ and GM-CSF in RBL-2H3. In addition, PF suppressed the phospholyation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38 and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and NF-${\kappa}B$ signal transduction pathway. Conclusions : Our results indicate that FE protects against allergic response and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of degranulation and production of cytokines and ROS via the suppression MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$ of signal transduction. Abbrevations : FE, Fagopyrum esculentum; RBL-2H3, rat basophilic leukemia cell line; ROS, reactive oxygen species; MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; $NF{\kappa}B$, nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$; $TNF{\alpha}$, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; GM-CSF, Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; p38, p38 MAP kinase; $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, inhibitory-kappa B alpha.

지역문화정책 거버넌스의 수준 및 활성화 요인에 관한 연구:

강경화(Kang, Kyung Hwa),최희성(Choi, Hui Seong),이시원(Lee, see won) 한국지방정부학회 2017 지방정부연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구에서는 우리나라 지역문화정책 거버넌스의 수준과 활성화 요인을 파악하고, 향후 전개될 지역문화정책의 결정과 집행의 효율성을 제고하기 위한 정책적 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 거버넌스의 구성요소를 참여, 협력, 그리고 공동의사결정으로 선정하고, 거버넌스 활성화의 주요요인으로 크게 행위자특성요인, 법･제도적요인, 환경적 요인 등 3가지로 설정하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 지역문화정책 거버넌스의 수준은 참여(2.98), 협력(2.87), 공동의사결정(2.55)의 순으로 중간이하의 낮은 수준(평균2.80)으로 나타났다. 둘째, 거버넌스 활성화요인에 대한 인식수준도 중간이하의 낮은 수준(평균2.72)을 보였으며, 각 요인별로는 행위자특성요인(3.06), 환경적 요인(2.67), 법･제도적 요인(2.56) 순이었다. 셋째, 지역문화정책 거버넌스에 공통적으로 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 갈등조정 및 중재 장치로 나타나, 향후 최우선적 과제로 협의기구의 구축 및 실질적 운영방안의 모색이 필요하다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 지역문화정책 거버넌스 활성화 방안 및 정책적 시사점 등을 제시하였다. This study is examining the levels and the Invigorating factors in the local cultural policy governance and suggesting policy implications to improve efficiency on decision-making and implementation of the local cultural policy. For the purpose of this study, governance levels are selected three components: participation, collaboration, collective decision making, and then three main invigorating factors were analyzed, including the characteristics of actors, the legal systems and the environmental factors. The main research results are as follows. First, the governance levels in the local cultural policy shows below average level(2.80) with results in sequence participation level(2.98), collaboration level(2.87), collective decision making level(2.55). Second, perceived levels for invigorating factors of governance shows also below average level(2.72) with results in sequence the characteristics of actors(3.06), the environmental factors(2.67), the legal systems factors(2.56). Third, each component of the local cultural policy governance were most affected by conciliation and arbitration service commonly, from now on, we need building of consultative committee and seeking practical operational plans as the top priority. On the basis of this analysis result, this paper suggest invigorating methods of the local cultural policy governance and policy implications.

人蔘養胃湯에 대한 形象醫學的 考察

강경화(Kyung Hwa Kang),이용태(Yong Tae Lee) 한의병리학회 2004 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.18 No.6

形象에 관한 문헌 고찰

강경화(Kyung Hwa Kang),백근기(Geun Gi Baek),김경철(Kyung Chul Kim),이용태(Yong Tae Lee) 한의병리학회 2002 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.16 No.3

상황을 이용한 한의학적 보건기능개선제에 대한 연구

강경화(Kyung Hwa Kang),이준혁(Jun Hyuk Lee),최영현(Yung Hyun Choi),최병태(Byung Tae Choi),이용태(Yong Tae Lee) 한의병리학회 2004 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.18 No.1

形狀鍼法 硏究

강경화(Kyung Hwa Kang),김경철(Kyung Chul Kim),백근기(Geun Gi Baik),이용태(Yong Tae Lee) 한의병리학회 2003 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.17 No.5