RF Reactive Sputtering법에 의한 산화주석 박막의 제조 및 특성

김영래,김선필,김성동,김은경,Kim, Young-Rae,Kim, Sun-Phil,Kim, Sung-Dong,Kim, Sarah Eun-Kyung 한국재료학회 2010 한국재료학회지 Vol.20 No.9

Tin oxide thin films were prepared on borosilicate glass by rf reactive sputtering at different deposition powers, process pressures and substrate temperatures. The ratio of oxygen/argon gas flow was fixed as 10 sccm / 60 sccm in this study. The structural, electrical and optical properties were examined by the design of experiment to evaluate the optimized processing conditions. The Taguchi method was used in this study. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectrometer, Hall effect measurements and atomic force microscope. Tin oxide thin films exhibited three types of crystal structures, namely, amorphous, SnO and $SnO_2$. In the case of amorphous thin films the optical band gap was widely spread from 2.30 to 3.36 eV and showed n-type conductivity. While the SnO thin films had an optical band gap of 2.24-2.49 eV and revealed p-type conductivity, the $SnO_2$ thin films showed an optical band gap of 3.33-3.63 eV and n-type conductivity. Among the three process parameters, the plasma power had the most impact on changing the structural, electrical and optical properties of the tin oxide thin films. It was also found that the grain size of the tin oxide thin films was dependent on the substrate temperature. However, the substrate temperature has very little effect on electrical and optical properties.

탄소나노튜브의 저온성장을 위한 합성가스의 최적화 연구

김영래,전홍준,이한성,곽정춘,황호수,공병윤,이내성,Kim, Young-Rae,Jeon, Hong-Jun,Lee, Han-Sung,Goak, Jeung-Choon,Hwang, Ho-Soo,Kong, Byung-Yun,Lee, Nae-Sung 한국전기전자재료학회 2009 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.22 No.4

This study investigated the growth characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by changing a period of annealing time and a $C_{2}H_{2}/H_2$ flow ratio at temperature as low as $450^{\circ}C$ with inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition. The 1-nm-thick Fe-Ni-Co alloy thin film served as a catalyst layer for the growth of CNTs, which was thermally evaporated on the 15-nm-thick Al underlayer deposited on the 50-nm-thick Ti diffusion barrier. The annealing at low temperature of $450^{\circ}C$ brought about almost no granulation of the catalyst layer, and the CNT growth was not affected by a period of annealing time. A study of changing the flow rate of $C_{2}H_{2}$ and $H_2$ showed that as the ratio of the $C_{2}H_{2}$ flow rate to the $H_2$ flow rate was lowered, the CNTs were grown to be longer With further decreasing the flow ratio, the length of CNTs reached the maximum and then became shorter. Under the optimized gas flow rates, we successfully synthesized CNTs with a uniform length over a 4-inch Si wafer at $450^{\circ}C$.

자기공명촬영에서 침강 레벨을 나타낸 뇌하수체 선종 - 증 례 보 고 -

김영래,송준혁,박향권,김성학,신규만,Kim, Young-Rae,Song, Jun-Hyeok,Park, Hyang-Kwon,Kim, Sung-Hak,Shin, Kyu-Man 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.4

We present a rare case of a pituitary adenoma revealing a sedimentation level on MRI, which has not been previously documented. This 55-year-old woman was referred with the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma. She presented with four-month history of progressive headache and visual dimness. Neurological examination revealed a bitemporal hemianopsia and decreased visual acuity. Laboratory data including endocrine examination were unremarkable. An additional three-dimensional MRI was taken for further evaluation, and demonstrated a sedimentation level within the tumor. The patient underwent transcranial removal of the tumor. About 12cc of dark-red blood was aspirated from the tumor. Histological examination revealed a pituitary adenoma with hemorrhage. Postoperatively, the patient showed gradual improvement of visual function. Considering that the pituitary adenoma is one of more common tumors that cause tumoral bleeding, a cystic sellar tumor that has a sedimentation level should be sought first for a pituitary adenoma rather than a craniopharyngioma. This may have an important impact when deciding surgical approach.

자기공명촬영으로 확인된 횡단성 척수염 29례에 대한 후향적 분석

김영래,송준혁,박향권,김성학,Kim, Young-Rae,Song, Jun-Hyeok,Park, Hyang-Kwon,Kim, Sung-Hak 대한신경외과학회 2000 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.29 No.12

Objectives : Transverse myelitis(TM) is characterized by bilateral motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction of the spinal cord in the absence of pre-existing neurologic disease. It is an uncommon but not rare condition. But it remains as poorly understood syndrome not only etiologically but also in terms of its clinical behavior. Neurosurgically, It is often quite difficult to distinguish from other surgical intramedullary lesions. We present our clinical experiences of TM in order to assess its clinical behavior and to define the radiological characteristics that can distinguish TM from other intramedullary lesions. Methods : From June 1991 to May 1997, twenty-nine patients with transverse myelitis were admitted to our department. All cases revealed acute or subacute syndrome of non-compressive myelopathy and intramedullary lesions in the MRI. We analyze the radiological data and medical records retrospectively. Results : Patients ranged in age from 16 to 66 years, with 22 males and 7 females. Mean follow-up period was 53 months. For the offending levels, cervical was 5, thoracic 21, and lumbar 3 in number. The patients who presented the return of symptoms after a diminution or abatement of initial symptoms were 7(24%). In the MRI, TM showed typical characteristics of high signal intensity lesions in the center of spinal cord in T2 weighted images and low- to iso-signal intensity in T1 weighted images. A focal nodular enhancement pattern was observed in 58.6%(17/29) of the patients. MR follow-up studies were done in the 21 patients and radiological improvement were verified. Biopsies were done in 3 patients. Normal to good outcome was achieved in 62% of the patients. Conclusion : Transverse myelitis has characteristic radiological findings that can be distinguished from other intramedullary lesions. In our series, it is associated with significant recurrence rates thus, should not be considered a selflimiting disease with good prognosis.

수확전(收穫前) Daminozide의 살포(撒布)와 수확후(收穫後) 절화보존제(切花保存劑)의 처리(處理)가 절화백합(切花百合)의 수명(壽命)과 Ethylene발생(發生)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김영래,이종석,Kim, Young Rae,Lee, Jong Suk 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1982 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.9 No.2

수확전(收穫前) daminozide의 살포(撒布)와 수확후(收穫後) 보존용액(保存溶液)의 처리(處理)가 절화백합(切花百合)의 수명(壽命)과 품질(品質) 및 ethylene 발생(發生)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 밝히고 아울러 ethylene과 절화백합(切花百合)의 노화(老化)와의 관계(關係)를 검토(檢討)하고자 품종(品種) Georgia를 공시(供試)하여 몇가지 보존용액(保存溶液) 처리(處理)와 damiozie 엽면살포(葉面撒布) 및 ethephon 처리(處理)를 하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 절화백합(切花百合)에 sucrose, $AgNO_3$, AS, BA 용액(溶液)을 단독(單獨) 또는 혼용처리(混用處理)하였던 바 단독처리(單獨處理)에서는 $AgNO_3$ 25~50 ppm구(區)가 흡수량(吸水量)이 많고 신선중(新鮮重)이 무거웠으며 수명(壽命)도 가장 길었다. 혼용처리(混用處理)에서는 sucrose 2.5%+$AgNO_3$ 50 ppm+AS 200ppm+BA 10 ppm 처리구(處理區)가 절화백합(切花百合)의 품질향상(品質向上)과 수명연장(壽命延長)에 가장 효과적(效果的)이었다. 2. 수확(收穫) 2일전(日前) 봉오리 상태(狀態)의 백합(百合)에 daminozide 500 ppm을 살포(撒布)한 후(後) 수확(收穫)하여 보존용액(保存溶液)(sucrose 5%+$AgNO_3$ 50 ppm+HQ 150 ppm)에 보존(保存)한 꽃은 화중증가(花重增加)가 컸고 수명(壽命)이 현저(顯著)히 길었다. 3. 절화백합(切花百合)의 ethylene 발생량(發生量)은 ethephon 처리(處理)에 의해 현저(顯著)히 증가(增加)되었으나, 이렇게 다량(多暈)의 ethylene을 발생(發生)시킨 꽃도 즉시 노화(老化)되지 않고 서서히 노화(老化)되는 양상(樣相)을 보였다. 4. 절화백합(切花百合)에 대한 보존용액(保存溶液)의 ethylene 발생억제(發生抑制) 효과(效果)는 매우 컸으나 수명연장(壽命延長) 효과(效果)는 그만큼 크지 않았다. 5. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 보아 ethylene은 절화백합(切花百合)의 노화(老化)를 촉진(促進)하는 중요(重要)한 요인(要因)이기는 하지만 ethylene생성(生成) 억제(抑制)만으로는 백합(百合)의 노화(老化)를 뚜렷이 억제(抑制)하기는 어려울 것으로 판단(判斷)된다. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of daminozide (butanedioic acid mono-(2,2 - dimethylhydrazide)) sprayed 2 days be fore harvest and floral preservative solutions on longevity, quality and ethylene production of 'Georgia' cut lily for prolonging vase life and improving quality of cut lily flowers. And also the relation between ethylene production and flower senescence of cut lily was studied. 1. Lilies held in silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) at 25 and 50 ppm were increased in solution uptake, fresh weight, and flower longevity. The solution of 2.5% sucrose+50 ppm $AgNO_3$+200 ppm aluminum sulfate+10 ppm 6-benzylamino purine prolonged vase life and improved quality of cut lily flowers. 2. Lilies sprayed with 500 ppm daminozide 2 days be fore harvest and then held in the preservative solution (5% sucrose+50 ppm $AgNO_3$+150ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline) after harvest were significantly increased in fresh weight and vase life as compared with non-sprayed (control) flowers. 3. Ethylene production from cut lily was increased by ethephon ((2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid) treatment. The flowers producing a lot of ethylene, however, were senesced slowly instead of rapid wilting. 4. The preservative solution markedly reduced ethylene production of cut lily but prolonged vase life for only a few days. 5. These results suggest that ethylene be one of the most important factors promoting flower senescence of cut lily, but it be very difficult to prolong vase life remarkably by only inhibition of ethylene production in cut lily.

십자화과 식물의 나출원형질체의 단리와 그 배양에 관한 연구

김영래,이영복,함인기,박교선,Kim, Young Rae,Lee, Young Bok,Ham, In Ki,Park, Kyo Seon 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1986 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.13 No.2

십자화과 작물중 양배추, 배추 및 유채의 자엽과 엽육조직을 재료로 하여 원형질체 나출과 배양 실험을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 양배추, 배추 및 유채의 자엽과 엽육조직은 품종과 사용부위의 차이없이 공히 1 % Macerozyme 'R-10' 과 1.5% Onozuka 'R-10'이 포항된 E3 효소 용액에서 4 시간 처리하였을 때 우량한 원형질체를 나출할 수 있었다. 2. MS, B5 및 $GK_2$ 배지에서는 갈변현상이 관찰되어 세포분열 유기에는 적합하지 않았으며, NN 배지에서 갈변현상 없이 양호한 세포분열이 이루어졌다. 3. 배추와 유채의 자엽에서 단리한 원형질체는 9.1% D-mannitol, 1% glucose, 1% sucrose, $1mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D, $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA 및 $0.5mg/{\ell}$ BA를 첨가한 NN배지에서 세포분열과 budding을 하였다. 4. 양배추, 배추 및 유채의 엽육조직에서 단리한 원형질체는 9.1% D-mannitol, 1% grucose, 1% sucrose, $1mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D, $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA 및 $0.5mg/{\ell}$ BA를 첨가한 배지에서 세포분열과 budding을 하였고, 특히 유채의 나출원형질체는 cell cluster를 거쳐 colony까지 분화하였다. The study was carried out to identify several factors affecting isolation and culture of cotyledone and leaf mesophyll protoplasts of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae), petsai (B.campestris subsp. pekinensis) and rape (B.napus). High viable protoplasts could be obtained when the cotyledon and the leaf mesophyll tissue of all species were treated with enzyme solution composed of 1% macerozyme 'R-10', 1.5% Onozuka 'R-10', 10% mannitol and 50,0 mM $CaCl_22H_2O$ for 4 hours. The protoplasts which obtained from the cotyledon of all species except the cabbage and the leaf mesophyll tissue of all species were divided on NN culture medium supplemented with 9.1% mannitol, 1% glucose, 1% sucrose, $1mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D, $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA and $0.5mg/{\ell}$ BA. The division of the rape leaf mesophyll protoplasts were continued and led to colony.

비정부조직(NGO)과 국가와의 상호작용 연구

김영래(Kim Young Rae) 한국국제정치학회 2000 國際政治論叢 Vol.39 No.3

한반도 서부 황토현 일대 적색토의 화학적 풍화 경향

김영래(Young Rae Kim) 한국지역지리학회 2012 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.18 No.1

한반도 서부의 황토현에 분포하는 적색의 풍화층은 온대몬순기후의 한반도 기후환경과 어울리지 않는 토색을 띤다. 이 적색토(풍화층)는 화학적 풍화를 반영한 것으로서, 화학적 풍화지수(CIA)와 A-CN-K 도식을 활용하면 그 특색을 규명할 수 있다. CaO와 Na2 O의 손실은 대부분 이루어진 상태이며, K2 O의 손실이 단면 하부에서 상부로 가 면서 점차 진행되고 있는 상태이다. 풍화단계에 따른 풍화 진전 방향을 유형화 하면, A-CN-K 도식에서 일반 구릉대 풍화층에서 나타나는 풍화 초 중기 단계에는 A-CN 선을 따라 풍화가 진전되며, 황토현 일대와 같이 강한 화학적 풍화가 진전된 풍화 후기에는 A-K 선을 따라 K2 O의 손실이 이루어지면서 풍화가 진전된다. In Hwangtohyun, meaning “red soil Pass”, reddish surface mantles is widespread, Other granitic hills, exceptionally Naju and Youngam area, in Korean peninsula don`t commonly have that color. This paper attempts to address this issue by CIA (chemical index of alteration). CIA data and A-CN-K diagram provide crucial insights into the changes in the relative contributions of chemical physical weathering in difference of grus regolith and saprolite, CaO and Na2O show strong depletion and K2O is progressive loss. In grus regolith, weathering trends are (sub)parallel to the CN-A join of the A-CN-K diagram, but the sample`s composition plot ever closer to the A-K join in saprolite. The difference of weathering trend obtained using CIA data corresponds closely with the visual interpretation of soil color and texture.

지역관광의 공간네트워크구조와 특성 분석

김영래(Young Rae Kim),박창규(Chang Kyu Park) 한국관광연구학회 2012 관광연구저널 Vol.26 No.1

This paper aims to investigate spatial network structure of tourism destination region in Korea. A network approach is very useful to see not only overall interrelated spatial structure of regions but also relative importance and power of each regions in the structure. Tourists flow data between 16 regions in Korea have been applied and analyzed with social network analysis technique. The results say that regional tourism network in Korea has been complicated from 1999 year to 2008 year and tourism centralities and hierarchies of each regions has been changed over the period. This implies that regional interaction of tourism has been intensified and relative importance and power of each region has been changed.

하이데거의 “휴머니즘에 관한 편지(Brief über den Humanismus)”에 대한 교육학적 성찰

김영래(Kim, Young-Rae) 한국교육철학회 2009 교육철학 Vol.38 No.-

Der vorliegende Aufsatz zielt darauf, “Brief ueber den Humanismus” von Heidegger paedagogisch zu interpretieren und dessen Bedeutung fuer die Paedagogik nachzudenken. Fuer Heidegger gruendet der traditionelle Humanismus auf die traditionelle Metaphysik, die fuer Heidegger vor allem als “Lichtmetaphysik” charakterisiert werden koenne. Nach der Lichtmetaphysik ist das, was ist, vor allem das “Vorhandensein”, also das “Seiendes”. Aber nach Heidegger hat die traditionelle Metaphysik das “Sein” des Seienden uebersehen, d.h.: das Sein, das Seiendes als Seiendes zum Vorschein kommen laesst, aber sich nicht wie ein Seiendes zeigen koenne. Durch diese ‘Seinsvergessenheit’ ist die traditionelle Metaphysik bloss eine Metaphysik des Seienden vor sich gegangen. Der tratidionelle Humanismus, der auf diese tradationelle Metaphysik gegruendet ist, versteht den Menschen bloss als ein Seiendes, das unter allen Seienden vortrefflich sei. Nach diesem Menschenverstaendnis geht das Wesen des Menschen als “Selbst” vor sich, das als “Geist” und “Wille” verspitzt wird. Daher zielt die humanistisch orientierte Paedagogik auf die “Selbstsuche” und die Selbstbefestigung. Nach Heidegger muessen wir aus der Fehlinterpretation “Mensch als ein blosses Seienden” herauskommen, um die echte Menschlichkeit wiederzugewinnen. Dafuer muessen wir nach dem Sein des Seienden fragen. Sein entbirgt sich fuer Heidegger erst durch das Nichten des Seienden. Die Aufhebung des Charakters des Menschen als Seiendes bedeutet vor allem die Aufhebung des Selbstbewusstseins, zu dem Geist und Wille als Kernkomponente gehoeren. Der Mensch ist ein einziges Wesen, das sich nicht allein als ein Seiendes unter den Seienden versteht, sondern auch “Sein” als sein Wesen verstehen kann. In diesem Sinne nennt Heidegger den Menschen “Dasein”, das Hineingehaltenheit in das Nichts ausmacht, wodurch der Mensch auch “Eksistenz” heisst. Dass der Mensch sein Wesen als Eksistenz versteht, bedeutet Wiedergewinn des Vertrauens auf die fundamentale Seinsdimension. Dadurch kann das verspitzte Selbstbewusstsein allmaehlich aufgehoben werden. Denn der moderne Mensch hat sich von allen Seienden, also von der Welt entfernt, durch die Verspitzung des Selbstbewusstseins. Durch die staendige Rueckfrage auf die Ursprung des Seins koennen wir Vertrauen auf die Welt und die Seienden ueberhaupt wiedergewinen, was die Wiederkehr zur echten Menschlichkeit ausmacht.