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보건소 금연클리닉의 금연치료 결과에 대한 자가보고와 요중 코티닌 검사 간의 일치도
김정유,권민,조근호,채숙희,원왕연,김대진 대한정신약물학회 2010 대한정신약물학회지 Vol.21 No.4
자가보고는 국내 보건소의 금연클리닉에서 금연 성공 여부를 평가하기 위한 여러 연구에서 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 금연 프로그램 시행 후 금연 여부에 대한 자가보고와 요중 코티닌 농도 검사를 시행하여 두 검사 결과 간의 일치도와 현재 흡연 여부의 판단에 있어 자가보고의 유용성을 평가하였다. 결과로는 흡연 여부에 대한 자가보고와 요중 코티닌 검사 결과의 일치도와 자가보고의 민감도, 음성 예측도는 낮았다. 따라서 자가보고만으로는 금연 치료의 성공을 평가하는 데 있어 충분하지 못하며 요중 코티닌 검사와 같은 객관적인 평가 방식이 추가적으로 사용되어야 할 것이다. Objective Self-report is being used in most of studies investigating the therapeutic effect of smoking cessation clinics of public health centers in Korea instead of cotinine or other chemical markers of nicotine exposure. This study was conducted to evaluate the agreement between self-report and urinary cotinine test after smoking cessation program. Methods The study subjects were 333 adult male who visited public health center and participated in 12-week scheduled smoking cessation program. Questionnaires including demographic data and information about cigarette use, blood test, and urinary cotinine test were performed to all subjects during initial evaluation. At the end of the program, smoking status of subjects was assessed by an oral self-report and additional blood and urinary cotinine tests were done to the subjects who agreed. Results 52 participants who gave both self-report on smoking status and urine sample were included in the final analysis. The overall percentage agreement was 67.3%, and the overall Kappa index was 0.367. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of self-report in detecting smoking state were 46.43%, 91.67%, 86.67%, and 59.46%, respectively. Conclusion The agreement between self-report and urinary cotinine test in detecting smoking status after smoking cessation program was relatively low on account of participants who failed to quit smoking but reported their smoking status incorrectly. Therefore, the use of objective measures such as urine cotinine should be considered in evaluation of successful smoking cessation.
김정유,윤승비 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2019 社會科學硏究 Vol.45 No.3
본 연구는 고전적 사회주의 경제체제의 본질과 경제난 이후 변형된 본질을 동시에 가지고 있는 북한 사회에서 경제활동의 중심지로 부상한 ‘장마당’의 진화과정을 진화론적 게임이론의 복제자동학 모형으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫 번째, 1세대 경제체제에서 소비자는 ‘농민시장’이라는 명분의 장마당을 이용하는 순수한 소비자에서 생존을 위해 장마당을 이용하는 경제주체로 변화했다. 이런 현상을 북한 정부는 사회주의에 침투한 반사회주의 행동으로 간주하여 다양한 형태의 통제를 강화하였으나, 매기에 장마당을 이용하는 사람들은 지속해서 증가하는 현상이 도출되었다. 두 번째, 현재 북한 경제 시스템을 유지하는 조건이 얼마나 취약하며, 예상치 못한 충격은 개방 시장 시스템으로 수렴하는 대안과 경제의 재구성에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 세 번째, 북한 정부의 반시장화·반사회주의 정책으로 행해지는 처벌형 규제가 시장화에 관한 정책이나 행동보다 우위를 차지하고 있다. 그러나 시장이용을 선호하는 주민들을 억제하지 못하며, ‘장마당’의 증가를 차단하려는 정책 의도는 실패할 것으로 예측된다. This study analyzed the evolution of the ‘Jangmadang’ that emerged as the center of economic activity in North Korean society, which had the essence of the classical socialist economic system and the nature of the transformation after economic hardship at the same time, as a model of cloning automaticism of evolutionary game theory. First, in the first-generation economic system, consumers have changed from pure consumers who use marketplaces in the name of “farming market” to economic players who use them for survival. Although the North Korean government strengthened various forms of control by considering this phenomenon as anti-socialist behavior that penetrated socialism, the number of people using marketplaces in every season continued to increase. Second, how fragile are the conditions for maintaining the current North Korean economic system, and the unexpected shock will affect alternatives converging into an open market system and the reconfiguration of the economy. Third, punitive regulations imposed by the North Korean government's anti-market and anti-socialist policies have an edge over policies or actions on marketization. But it fails to curb residents who prefer market use, and its policy intention to block the increase in “jangmadang” is expected to fail.
Precaution, Cleanup and Liability: A Model of Environmentally Harmful, Discharges
김정유,주상룡 한국경제학회 2005 The Korean Economic Review Vol.21 No.1
We provide a game theoretic model to examine how liability or sanction of cleanup affects the potential contaminator's ex ante incentive to take precaution against environmentally harmful discharge and ex post incentive to clean them up. We show that the liability rule is socially more desirable than the property rule (sanction of cleanup), mainly because the latter has the negative effect on the incentive for voluntary cleanup. We also show that punitive damages induce more cleanup and a higher level of precaution.
LOCAL INTERACTION, ALTRUISM AND THE EVOLUTION OF NETWORKS
김정유,전택승 한국경제학회 2009 The Korean Economic Review Vol.25 No.2
We consider evolving networks on which players interact locally. In an evolutionary environment, players can increase their fitness either by changing their behavior or by changing their neighbors. We propose a static solution concept, what we call Stable Network Configuration (SNC). Roughly speaking, it requires that no player in the population distribution will change his type by imitating his best-performing neighbor, nor change his neighbor by rewiring his links. We characterize the necessary and sufficient conditions for the symmetric SNC in a network formation situation associated with the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Unlike the result by Eshel et al. (1998) that was obtained in a fixed circular network, all altruists and all egoists fare equally well and all altruists have links with some or all egoists in the symmetric SNC. We consider evolving networks on which players interact locally. In an evolutionary environment, players can increase their fitness either by changing their behavior or by changing their neighbors. We propose a static solution concept, what we call Stable Network Configuration (SNC). Roughly speaking, it requires that no player in the population distribution will change his type by imitating his best-performing neighbor, nor change his neighbor by rewiring his links. We characterize the necessary and sufficient conditions for the symmetric SNC in a network formation situation associated with the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Unlike the result by Eshel et al. (1998) that was obtained in a fixed circular network, all altruists and all egoists fare equally well and all altruists have links with some or all egoists in the symmetric SNC.
김정유,민인식,이해리 한국경제학회 2013 The Korean Economic Review Vol.29 No.1
We develop the hypothesis that an individual can get some value of information, even if they do not use the information for his subsequent decision, contrary to the expected utility theory. Curiosity is associated with the direct utility from information and is defined formally by using the concept of entropy. We can measure an agent's curiosity level by the maximum amount of money that he is willing to pay in order to obtain the information thereby reducing the entropy. We test the hypothesis from lab experiments and obtain the empirical evidence that people are actually willing to pay a positive amount of money to obtain payoff-irrelevant information. Also, the comparison of the coefficients of variation for our curiosity measure and the IPI (Imaginal Processes Inventory) curiosity measure which is widely used in psychology suggests that our measure is more informative.
김정유,임윤성 에스케이텔레콤 (주) 2002 Telecommunications Review Vol.12 No.1
본 논문에서는 착신과금방식(RPP:Receiver Pays Principle)의 도입 시 사회후생에 미치는 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 착신과금방식을 도입할 경우의 문제점은 착신자가 부담해야 하는 요금이 지나치게 높을 경우 착신자가 수신을 거부할 가능성이 있다는 점이다. 우리는 발신자와 착신자에게 부과되는 이윤 극대화 가격들은 반드시 수신 거부가 발생하지 않을 조건을 만족해야 함을 입증해 보일 것이다. 또한 착신과금방식 하에서 소비자 잉여는 낮은 발신요금에도 불구하고 반드시 증가하지는 않지만 사회 후생은 항상 증가한다는 것을 입증할 것이다.
김정유 한국경제학회 2024 The Korean Economic Review Vol.40 No.1
We examine the optimal liability rule in accidents involving fully autonomous vehicles. In cases where enforcing due activity is not feasible, it is socially optimal to apply the strict liability rule to the human operator determining the activity level and to apply the negligence rule to the manufacturer and the victim who select care levels under contributory or comparative negligence in the unilateral activity case. Under the joint and several liability rule, both the manufacturer and the victim exercise due care, contingent on regulating the manufacturer’s liability share sufficiently high, and the human operator assuming the remaining risks chooses the socially optimal activity level maximizing the social net benefit. Conversely, if due activity enforcement is possible, an alternative liability rule proves optimal. Under this rule, the human operator engages in efficient activity to comply with the activity standard, the manufacturer exercises efficient care to meet the care standard, and the victim assumes residual liability so as to be induced to take efficient care. Notably, this liability rule achieves the social optimum, even in bilateral activity cases where both the human operator and the victim engage in activity. Our results diverge from previous findings suggesting that achieving the social optimum involves using public sanctions, such as paying a fine to the state.