http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
How Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect Credit Default Swap Spreads?
김지훈,강종호 한국증권학회 2022 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.51 No.3
We examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and credit risk. We test how CSR strengths and concerns impact credit default swap (CDS) spreads during the global financial crisis period (2008–2009) and non-crisis periods (2003–2007 and 2010– 2013). CSR concerns increase and CSR strengths reduce CDS spreads during the non-crisis period, whereas their effects change during the global financial crisis. CSR strengths during an adverse economic environment can indicate agency problems and overinvestment. The effect of CSR concerns becomes much larger during the global financial crisis, while that of CSR strengths can even increase CDS spreads.
김지훈,김양우,강소라,범진식,김형경 대한성형외과학회 2009 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.36 No.4
Purpose: Neurofibromatosis(NF) is an autosomal - dominant systemic disease. Up to fifty percent of patients with NF are reported to have concomitant vascular abnormalities. In the resection of a larger NF, the risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage is much higher due to the difficulty of hemostasis of large vessels within the tumor. We ligated the base of the giant NF with a simple loop - shaped ligation before removal of the giant NF in both buttocks. And then we could successfully reduce the amount of hemorrhage during the operation. Methods: A 46 – year - old female patient presented for giant masses of both gluteal area, which has been growing slowly for the last ten years. Each mass was about 30 × 20 ㎝ in size. After designing the elliptical resection margin, we tightened the tumor base by using continuous loop - shaped suture ligation(weaving the thread up and down in a loop - shaped pattern, leaving a space of 2 ㎝ between each loop) with a straight needle and prolene 2 - 0. After skin incision, we proceeded the dissection toward the central and inferior side of the mass obliquely while we avoided breaking large vascular sinuses. We resected the tumor in a wedged - shape. Subcutaneous tissue was sutured layer by layer and skin was closed by vertical mattress and interrupted suture. The loop - shaped ligation of the base was removed and compressive dressing was done with gauzes and elastic bandages. Results: Postoperative complications such as infection, hemorrhage, hematoma, and dehiscense did not occur. Perioperatively the patient was sufficiently transfused with five units of blood and two units of fresh frozen plasma. During the subsequent 1 year follow - up, the functional and cosmetic result was excellent. Conclusion: A continuous loop - shaped suture ligation procedure along the base of the giant NF effectively reduced the amount of hemorrhage during the operation, made dissection and ligation of vessels easily and quickly, and shorten the operating time and postoperative recovery time.