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실험적 뇌수종시 뇌실확장에 대한 국소뇌혈류 및 생체역학적 인자에 미치는 영향
김대조,백민우,정철구,조병일,김영,조경석,성기원,박영섭,박춘근,김문찬,김달수,강준기,최창락 대한신경외과학회 1990 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.19 No.2
To evaluate the biomechanical changes and cerebral blood flow in hydrocephalic brain, this study was designed to determine the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF ; frontal cortex and periventricular area), the pressure volume index(PVI) and the resistance to the absorption of cerebrospinal fluid(Ro) in different stages of the kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. Fifty five 8 week-old cats, weighing 900g to l,300g were used in this experiment. The experimental animals were divided into 2 groups ; a normal control(5 cats), and kaolin-induced hydrocephalic groups(50 cats). The kaolin-induced 1,2,4,6 and 8 weeks hydrocephalic groups after intracisternal injection of the kaolin. The rCBF was measured by hydrogen clearance technique and the PVI and Ro were determined by the technique of bolus manipulation of CSF. A significant elevation of the intracranial pressure(ICP) was observed in 2 weeks after kaolin injection and peak value(ICP= 10.2±0.9 ㎜Hg) was obtained in 4 weeks after kaolin injection. The significant decreases in rCBF were revealed in both frontal cortex and periventricular area of kaolin-induced hydrocephalic cats. The PVI was significantly increased from the normal value 0.77± 0.02 ㎖ to 1.60±0.16 ㎖ at 4 weeks after kaolin injection and increased to 2.12±0.34 ㎖ at 6 weeks after kaolin injection. Ro was significantly decreased from the normal value 90.6±1.3 ㎜Hg/㎖/min to 36.8±4.3 ㎜Hg/㎖/min at 4 weeks after kaolin injection and further decreased to 62±1.9 ㎜Hg/㎖/min at 8 weeks after kaolin injection. In hydrocephalic cats, the size of the ventricle(septum pellucidum-caudate nucleus distance) continued to increase in size up to 9.40±0.7 ㎜ at the 4th weeks. However, there was no further increase in ventricular size after the 4th weeks. This study indicated that kaolin-induced hydrocephalic cats led to dramatic changes in volume-buffering capacity expressed as PVI, coupled a reduction in the Ro. The absorptive defect and loss of volume-buffering capacity are not sufficient to cause progressive ventricular enlargement. It is assuming that some microcirculatory impairment in the brain parenchyma is playing an important role which facilitates ventricular expansion with changes of biomechanical property of the brain.
초등학교 학생들의 고쳐쓰기 능력 증진을 위한 전체적 접근 전략 지도의 효과
김대조 한국초등국어교육학회 2006 한국초등국어교육 Vol.30 No.-
본 연구는 초등학생들의 고쳐쓰기 능력을 증진시키는 한 방법으로 전체적 접근의 전략지도를 통해 고쳐쓰기 능력 증진의 효과를 알아보는 데에 목적이 있다. 대체로 초등학생들은 글의 부분적인 교정에 치우쳐 글의 의미와 구조에 대해서는 자세히 살피지 못하고 어휘나 맞춤법 정도에서 고쳐쓰기를 한다. 고쳐쓰기는 단지 어휘나 맞춤법을 정정하는 것이 아니라 글의 의미를 정교화하고 필자의 사고를 점검해보는 방향으로 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 학생들이 글의 전체적인 의미를 중심으로 고쳐쓰기를 할 수 있도록 전체적 접근, 즉 의미 중심의 고쳐쓰기 지도 전략을 구안·적용한 후, 그 효과를 검증해보고자 한다. 초등학생의 고쳐쓰기에 나타난 문제점은 크게 고쳐쓰기의 수준과 지식의 문제이다. 수준이란 많은 학생들이 고쳐쓰기를 할 때에 글 수준이나 문단 수준의 상위 단계로 나아가지 못하고, 낱말과 문장을 고치는 부분적인 고쳐쓰기에 치중하고 있다는 것이다. 또한 고쳐쓰기의 지식이란 학생들이 고쳐쓰기에 필요한 전략이나 방법에 대한 지식이 매우 부족함을 말한다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 필자는 전체적 접근의 고쳐쓰기 지도 전략 프로그램을 구안하여 보았다, 그리고 학생들에게 전략을 적용한 후 그 결과를 몇 가지 관점에 따라 분석해 보았다. 분석 결과, 전체적 접근의 고쳐쓰기 전략 지도는 부분적 접근의 고쳐쓰기 지도에 비해 초등학생의 고쳐쓰기 능력 향상에 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 또한 상위 집단의 학생들이 하위 집단의 학생들에 비해 전체적 접근의 고쳐쓰기 전략 지도의 효과가 더욱 크게 나타났다. This study investigates the effect of meaning centered strategies to increase rewriting ability in the elementary school. Elementary school students are not doing properly rewriting. The rewriting of elementary school students has a partiality to the part. So, students can not look into overall meaning of the text in rewriting. Generally elementary school students rewrite in about vocabulary or orthography. The writer has to be able to make the meaning of the text elaborate and check own thought through the rewriting process. Therefore, in this study, I'd like to verify the effects of meaning centered strategies to increase rewriting ability in the elementary school. The problem to appear of the elementary school student is about the level and knowledge problem of rewriting. What the problem about the level is, when students rewrite the text, they are laying the stress at the rewriting to be the partial like a word and sentence. And what the problem about the knowledge is, when students rewrite the text, they lacked the knowledge about the strategy or method which needs rewriting. I looked into the strategy of the rewriting to solve the problem. I created a teaching strategy of rewriting so that the rewriting of a meaning center was achieved. I divided the stage of the meaning centered rewriting strategy into a ‘search’, ‘reconsideration’, ‘rewriting’ and looked into specific strategies to do in an each step. Findings of this study were follows: first, meaning centered strategy had a significant effect on improvement of rewriting ability. Second, A meaning centered strategy's effectiveness is high, rather a lower rank group than an upper group.
원발성 척추 경막상 Ewing's Sarcoma : 1례 보고 Report of 1 Case
김한호,강창구,김동희,김대조 대한신경외과학회 1993 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.22 No.10
Ewing's sarcoma, origination primarily in the spinal epidural space is exceptionally rare. There are only 6 case reports in English literature until 1986. We experienced a case of epidural Ewing's sarcoma originated in thouacic spinal canal at T6~T7 level with myelopathy. Initial neural decompression was very effective and complete recovery was achieved. But local recurrence occured in relatively short follow up period(8months). Subsequent radiotherapy showed us dramatic tumor regression and improvement of neurologic deficit. The problems that concerned in this tumor are its accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic modality. We reviewed the literatures that deal with exceptional locations of Ewing's sarcoma and current therapeutic approaches with their outcomes.
硬腦膜, 頭蓋骨을 侵蝕한 惡性 Ependymoblastoma의 一例
金大造,許琨 대한신경외과학회 1973 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.2 No.2
A rare case of highly malignant ependymoblastoma arising in the left frontoparietal lobe which grossly invaded and traversed the overlying dura mater and skull in operating findings and autopsy is reported.