형태지수를 이용한 중고령자의 비만판정 기준의 제안

김기학 경북대학교 체육과학연구소 1998 체육과학연구지 Vol.14 No.-

주자의 풍수이론과 제례문화의 연관성 -산릉의장을 중심으로-

김기학 동아시아고대학회 2020 동아시아고대학 Vol.0 No.59

This paper will shed light on the Feng Shui Thought and ritual culture of the intellectuals in Song Dynasty according to the Feng Shui Thought of Chu Hsi inherent in San Reung Ui Jang(山陵議狀). In addition, it will take a look at Chu Hsi’s viewpoint and the stance of contemporary intellectuals regarding the Li-Gi Theory(理氣論) and Hyoung-Gi Theory(形氣論) of Feng Shui which have been always considered problems in Feng Shui geography and will keep track of what is the interrelationship between the Feng Shui Thought and the ritual culture. In the case of Chu Hsi’s stance on Feng Shui, Hyoung-Gi Theory(形氣論) prevails over Li-Gi Theory(理氣論). And, he put more importance on Hyeol(穴), a kind of natural pathways for the energy, in Hyoung-Gi Theory(形氣論) and placed emphasis on Hyeol-Jeung Method(穴證法) accordingly while using Do-Jang Method(倒杖法) according to the mountain range(龍脈). The Do-Jang Method is about “will the grave site, that is to say the body and soul, be located in higher, lower, or middle places, or on the side according to vein?”. On the other hand, in the case of Chu Hsi’s Hyeol-Jeung Method, it is about “whether there is water in the grave site, the soil of the grave site is solid or fragile?, or will you dig in the grave site deeply or not?” Chu Hsi actually experienced them by actually digging the grave yard. Therefore, it has been found that Chu Hsi sought phenomena and empirical factors. The Chu Hsi also asserted the sympathized relation. However, for him, the sympathized relation is the selective sympathized relation. The sympathized relation presented in general Feng Shui asserted that if you worship the body and spirit of your ancestors in good land, it will bring all descendents good luck. But, the Chu Hsi said that the sympathized relation occurs, but it depends on the selective choice. This paper will follow the track of what is the basis for the Chu Hsi’s opinion. This paper will also examine the Chu Hsi’s viewpoint on the ritual culture. For him, the ritual culture is an important factor towards the completion of personality and becomes a special matter that forms an inseparable relationship regarding the ancestors’ safety and the prosperity of descendants. Furthermore, the ritual culture is not just about respecting ancestors for him. The Chu Hsi’s Feng Shui Thought had a great influence on the Feng Shui Thought and ritual culture in the Joseon Dynasty period. Where King HyunJong talked to Song Siyeol about the procedure of moving the royal tombs, recorded in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, known as Joseon Wangjo Sillok, Song Siyeol responded to it based on the ritual and Chu Hsi Theory. This is the case that the Chu Hsi’s Feng Shui Thought had a great influence on the Feng Shui Thought and ritual culture in the Joseon Dynasty period. Understanding the Chu Hsi’s Feng Shui Thought is also a way of understanding the Feng Shui Thought and ritual culture in the Joseon Dynasty period. 본고에서는 「산릉의장」에 내재한 주자의 풍수사상에 의거하여 그 시대(송나라) 지식인들의 풍수사상과 제례문화를 조명해 볼 것이다. 또 풍수지리에서 항상 문제점으로 남아있는 풍수 이기론과 형기론에 관하여 주자의 시각과 동시대 지식인들의 입장을 살펴보고, 이러한 풍수사상이 제례문화와 어떤 연관성을 갖는지 추적할 것이다. 주자의 풍수에 관한 입장은 이기론(理氣論)보다 형기론(形氣論)과 기감론(氣感論)을 우선한다. 그리고 형기론 중에서 혈(穴)을 중요하게 생각하며, 용맥(龍脈)에 따른 도장법(倒杖法)을 사용하고, 또한 혈증법(穴證法)을 중요시 한다. 도장법은 맥(脈)에 따라서 묘택(墓宅), 즉 형신(形神)을 높은 곳에 모실 것인가? 낮은 곳에 모실 것인가? 용맥의 가운데로 모실 것인가? 한쪽으로 모실 것인가? 하는 문제이다. 주자의 혈증법은 묘택에 물이 있는가? 없는가? 묘택의 흙이 단단한가? 부서지는가? 묘택을 깊게 팔 것인가? 낮게 팔 것인가를 실증하는 문제이다. 주자는 실제로 땅을 파면서 이것들을 직접 경험하였다. 이로 볼 때 주자는 현상과 실증적인 것을 추구하였다는 것을 알 수 있다. 주자는 또한 기감(氣感)에 따른 동기감응도 주장한다. 그러나 주자에 있어서 동기감응이란 선택적인 동기감응이다. 일반 풍수설에서 제시하는 동기감응은, 조상의 형신을 좋은 땅에 모시면 모든 자손이 발복한다고 주장한다. 그러나 주자는 동기감응은 일어나지만, 그런 현상은 제례를 통한 제한적 선택에 의한다고 말한다. 본고에서는 주자의 이러한 주장이 어디에 근거하는가를 추적하겠다. 본고에서는 주자의 제례에 대한 입장도 살펴 볼 것이다. 주자에 있어서 제례는 인격의 완성으로 가는 중요한 요소이며, 조상의 안위와 자손의 번창에 관련하여 불가분의 관계를 형성하는 특별한 기제가 된다. 주자에 있어서 제례는 단순히 조상 공경에 머무는 것이 아닌 것이다. 주자의 풍수사상은 조선시대 풍수사상과 제례문화에 상당한 영향을 미쳤다. 조선왕조실록에 현종이 천릉의 절차를 송시열에게 의논한 기록에서 송시열은 의례와 주자설에 입각하여 답변한다. 이것은 주자의 풍수사상이 조선의 풍수와 제례문화에 영향을 준 사례이다. 그러므로 주자의 풍수사상을 이해하는 일은 조선의 풍수사상과 제례문화를 알 수 있는 일이기도 하다.

靑少年의 體脂肪率 推定과 肥滿判定 基準作成

金基學 慶北大學校 體育科學硏究所 1992 체육과학연구지 Vol.8 No.-

This study was conducted to estimate the percentage of body fat and to draw up evaluating norms by analizing the tendency of obesity in adolescents. The subjects employed were 2,442 male and female students aged between 12 and 17 years of middle and high schools which are located in medium and small city and big city. Their height, body weight, electrical impedance, and skinfold thickness were measured to calculate body density, and then the percentage of body fat, body fat, lean body mass(LBM), and total body water(TBW) were yield from body density. Validity examination in estimation of % body fat by means of skinfold thickness method was performed through stature indexes such as KI, BMI, RI, and PI which were calculated from height and body weight. The regression equation by independent variables such as body weight, skinfold thickness, height, electrical impedance, and BMI was drawn up to predict body density. Also evaluating norms for obesity by body weight, skinfold thickness, and BMI were drawn up respectively 4 groups;male and female in both middle and high school students. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Percentage of body fat 1) The percentage of body fat by skinfold thickness method was revealed 16.57±3.85% in middle school boys, 20.40±4.97% in middle school girls, 16.41±6.77% in high school boys, and 21.86±4.46% in high school girls. Body density was revealed 1.0610g/㎖, 1.0517g/㎖, 1.0615g/㎖, and 1,0481g/㎖ respectively. In comparision of interregion, percentage of body fat in medium and samll city students was much higher than big city, but showed no difference in middle school and significant difference in high school(p<.001). 2) The percentage of body fat by BI method was 18.58±4.14% in middle school boys, 24.18±5.26% in middle school girls, 16.71±2.97% in high school boys, and 27.41±4.38% in high school girls. And in any case, it revealed higher values than the percentage of body fat obtained by skinfold thickness method. 2. Validity of skinfold thickness method 1) In boys, the correlation between body density and skinfold thickness revealed a significant correlation(p<.001) over all age. In girls, it showed a significant correlation as boys but it was more or less a low value. 2) In correlation among body density by BI method, physique, and stature indices, height and KI index showed no or low correlation, and BMI, RI, and RI index showed high correlation(p<.001) over all age. 3) In correlation between body composition by BI method and that by skinfold thickness method, it revealed high correlation among Db1, %Fat1, Fat1, LBM1, Db2, %Fat2, LBM2, and Fat2 over both male and female in middle and high school students. Therefore, we can interpret that the estimation of %body fat by skinfold caliper method has a sufficient validity. 3. Estimation equation of %body fat Multiple correlation coefficient of estimation equation of %body fat for each subject was about 0.99. The estimation equation was composed by means of skinfold thickness, electrical impedance, and BMI in boy's middle and high school students, and was drawn up from value of electrical impedance and BMI in girl's middle and high school students. Therefore, we can assume a body fat more validly by using above two variables including electrical impedance than by using only skinfold thickness. 4. Evaluation norms for obesity 1) The norms by skinfold thickness method were 33.5㎜ or more in boy's middle school students, 38.0㎜ or more in girl's middle school students, 40.3㎜ or more in boy's high school students, and 40.9㎜ or more in girl's high school students respectively. The ranges of obesity tendency were 26.4-below 33.5㎜, 32.0-below 38.0㎜, 33.7-below 40.3㎜, and 35.0-below 40.9㎜ respectively. 2) The norms by body weight were 68.5㎏ or more in boy's middle school students, 65.4㎏ or more in girl's middle school students, 76.7㎏ or more in boy's high school students, and 67.3㎏ or more in girl's high school students respectively. 3) The norms by BMI were 25.9 or more in boy's middle school students, 26.3 or more in girl's middle school students, 26.1 or more in boy's high school students, and 27.1 or more in girl's high school students respectively. The ranges of obesity tendency were 22.9-below 25.9, 23.3-below 26.3, 23.5-below 26.1, and 24.2-below 27.1 respectively.

基礎的인 體育統計의 方法

金基學 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1975 體育學會誌 Vol.1 No.-

男子 大學生의 體力 Test Battery에 關한 硏究

金基學 慶北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.49 No.-

The purpose of this study was to develope a test battery and evaluation scales for measuring the physical fitness of male college students. 125 male college students, aged 18 to 20, participated as subjects and were administered 20 test items. After the test, estimation equation of factors and evaluation scales for both factor and ability were devised by extraction and interpretation of the factors through factor analysis. The conclusions obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Physical fitness of male college students were composed of 8 factors including explosive strength, speed of changing direction, speed of movement completion, static strength, static balance, static flexibility, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory endurance. 2. To measure the interpreted factor, an estimation equation of factors made of standard score was determind, and, by inserting the statistics(mean and standard deviation) of each variable, it was translated into an equation which calculate factor score by using of raw score. 3. A test battery was developed in considering factor loading, reliability, validity, and practicability for each factor. Test items included in the test battery were vertical jump, boomerang run, completion time(back), grip strength, squat thrust, stork stand, trunk extension, and 1500m fast walk. 4. Evaluation scales with 5 grades for both factor and ability were developed to evaluate the test battrry. 5. To develope an estimation scale for ability, mean and standard deviation for each 8 item was divided into 11 grades(from 0 to 10) by C-scale. A perfect score for the test was 80 points. The total score was obtained by applying the raw scores of individuals to this score table. On the basis of the statistics of the obtained total score, the evaluation scale with 5 grades(A,B,C,D, and E) was devised to interpret test scores. ◁표 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요)

陸上競技 記錄의 豫測과 性差

崔鐘浩,金基學 大邱敎育大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

본 연구는 육상경기의 중장거리경기 및 도약경기를 중심으로 과거의 기록을 분석하여 미래의 기록을 예측하고 남녀간의 기록차를 검토하기 위해서 행해졌으며, 그 대상이 된 기록은 1972sys부터 1990년 까지의 전국체육대회 고등부와 일반부의 100m,200m, 400m, 400m Relay, 800m,1500m 높이뛰기 및 멀리뛰기의 우승기록이다 경기기록의 예측은 1972년부터 1989년까지의 18년간의 기록을 기초로 해서 1990년, 1991년,1992년 및 2000년의 기록을 추정했으며, 1990년의 실제기록과 추정기록을 비교하고 전 기간을 통한 기록변화과정에서 성차가 검토되었다. 육상경기 기록의 추정과 성차에 대한 결론은 아래와 같다. 1. 회기 방정식의 회귀계수가 트랙종목에서는 -자로, 필드종목에서는 +로 되어 있으며 기록향상을 계속해서 이루어질 것으로 예측되지만, 단거리 일수록 기록단축의 범위가 좁고 중거리에서는 그 범위가 클 것으로 예상된다. 2. 여고부의 100m 및 남자 일반부의 100m와 400m를 포함한 대부분의 종목을 제외한 전종목에 걸쳐 비교적 추정의 精度가 높게 나타나고 여고부의 멀리뛰기는 가장 높았다.(R=0.9422) 3. 남자 고등부 멀리뛰기의 추정기록이 2000년에는 남자 일반부를 능가하게 되는 것으로 나타나고 있는데 이것은 과대평가 되어진 결과로 해석된다. 4. 전 종목에 걸쳐 남자 일반부의 기록 향상이 가장 저조할 것으로 보이는데 이것은 현재까지의 기록이 우리나라 선수로서는 기록의 최고치에 해당되는 한계선에 도달해 있는 것으로 사료된다. 5. 실측기록과 추정기록을 비교해 본 결과 아주 적은 차로서 추정기록이 실측기록보다 더 좋은 것으로 나타나고 있지만 비교적 추정의 精度가 높으므로 연도로서 장래의 기록을 거의 정확하게 추정할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 6. 단거리에서의 성차는 약 80-90% 정도이지만 2000년의 추정기록에서는 남자의 약 94%정도 근접해갈 것으로 보아 그 차는 약6%정도가 될 것이다. 7. 중거리에서 고등부는 현재 88%에서 2000년에는 94%로 근접해 가지만, 일반부에서는 83%에서 87%까지 접근해 가서 그 차는 약 13%정도가 될 것이다. 8.높이뛰기에서는 여고부의 기록향상이 남고부에 비해 저조하지만, 일반부는 2000년에 약 94%가 되어 기록 향상이 두드러질 것이다. 9. 멀리뛰기에서는 여고부의 기록향상이 남고부에 비해 저조하지만, 일반부는 현재 23%에서 14%로 접근해 갈 것이다. 10.경기기록 향상의 잠재성은 남자보다 여자가 더 클 것으로 기대된다.

劍道競技의 有效打擊部別 實態에 關한 調査 分析 : 水準別, 身長別 According to the Height and Level

金基學 慶北大學校 師範大學 1976 敎育硏究誌 Vol.18 No.-

With the object of 156 highschool boys and 196 students, total 352, analysing and researching on the fatal striking part in Kumdo according to the level and height, the result is as followes: 1. The fatal striking part in the group of highschool. 1) In case of players of tall stature (who are the taller of the two players) and players of short stature (who are the shorter of the two players), men in similiar stature, the attack of head is considered as the most fatal striking part. In respect of an effect there is no difference between the wrist attack and the waist attack. 2) Being master of the skills in the wrist attack and waist attack and stabbing is required. 2. The fatal striking part in the group of colleger. 1) In case of player of tall stature and short stature, player in similiar stature, the attack of head and wrist is considered as the most fatal striking part, but there is hardly difference between them. 2) Being master of the skills in the waist attack and stabbing attack is required. 3. General tendency and actual condition in the fatal striking part. 1) In case of player of tall stature The attack on head is proved as the most fatal striking part, and the wrist attack and waist attack is considered as the next fatal striking part. 2) In case of player of short stature. The wrist attack and head attack is proved as the most fatal striking part, and there is harcly difference between them. 3) In case of player of similiar stature. The attack should not be partial only to the front head, but the master of skills in attack to right and left side of head, the analysis and development of skills in the waist attack and stabbing attack is required.

Infeed Control Algorithm of Sorting System Using Modified Trapezoidal Velocity Profiles

김기학,최용훈,정훈 한국전자통신연구원 2015 ETRI Journal Vol.37 No.2

This paper applies acceleration/deceleration control–based velocity profiles to an infeed control algorithm for a cross-belt-type sorting system to improve the accuracy and performance of the system’s infeed. The velocity profiles are of a trapezoidal shape and often have to be modified to ensure that parcels correctly synchronize with their intended carriers. Under the proposed method, an infeed line can handle up to 5,600 items/h, which indicates a 40% increase in performance in comparison with its existing handling rate of 4,000 items/h. This improvement in performance may lead to a reduction in the number of infeed lines required in a sorting system. The proposed infeed control algorithm is applied to a cross-belt-type sorting system (model name: SCS 1500) manufactured by Vanderlande Industries.

體格이 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기 能力에 미치는 影響

金基學,金享烈 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1978 體育學會誌 Vol.4 No.-

單純反應時間에 關한 調査分析(Ⅰ) : 빛에 對한 反應時間을 中心으로 Emphasizing on the Reaction Time to the Light

金基學 慶北大學校 師範大學 1978 敎育硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

This study is aimed at investigating and analyzing the general trends of S.R.T. to the light, taking 133 students from the College of Physical Education including 52 male and 30 female students and 51 athletes as the subjects of this study, and using the KYS Type Reaction Time Measuring Equipment-a Motor Aptitude Test Equipment. The findings are as follews: 1. It took for athletes by an average of 0.1798 seconds recording the shortest among them all, which are followed by 0.1972 seconds and 0.1989 seconds, respectively, and of whose simple reaction time, in common, lies in the range of general light. 2. Identifying the trends by the types of sports: athletics players marked the shortest time by an average of 0.1542 seconds, followed by in order, 0.1780 seconds for Handball; 0.1822 seconds for Basketball; 0.1826 seconds for Volleyball; 0.1849 seconds for Hockey; 0.1878 seconds for Soccer; and 0.1972 seconds for Tennis. It was also found as a result of t-test that there is a difference between the athletics players and other types of sports, but not any difference among the latters in terms of simple reaction time. 3. Among the athletics players, sprinter marked 0.137 seconds and 0.159 seconds for the long-distance racers, and besides the medium-distance racer, it was nearly coincided with the information presented in the literatures. And the jumpers recorded 0.142 seconds and 0.166 seconds for the hurdlers.