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도축 반추위내용물을 이용한 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물 개발에 관한 연구
신형태,정기환,김봉석 한국축산학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.1
This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of rumen contents as a substrate for production of Aspergillus oryzae culture, which have high enzyme activities(α-amylase, protease). The production of α-amylase and protease by Asergillus oryzae was investigated using different carbon sources{maize meal, wheat middling and wheat bran), steaming, the ratio of rumen contents to carbon source(1:1∼1:5), moisture contents(30∼70%) and incubation time(6∼60hr). Aspergillus oryzae was cultured at 30℃ for 48 hours in Koji box. The optimum pH and temperature of enzymes(α-amylase, protease) in Aspergillus oryzae culture were tested at pH 310 and temperature 30-100℃. Relative activities(%) of α-amylase and protease were higher with addition of maize meal, wheat middling and wheat bran after culture for 48 hours than without a carbon source(P$lt;.05), but did not differ in enzyme activities among carbon sources. Relative activities(%) of α-amylase and protease were increased with steaming than without steaming(P$lt;.05). The best conditions for producing α-amylase and protease in Aspergillus oryzae culture were respectively : moisture contents 30∼50%, 40% ; incubation time 24∼36hrs, 36∼48hrs ; in the ratio of rumen contents to wheat middling 1:2. The optimal pH and temperature of enzymes in Aspergillus oryzae culture were as follows : the α-amylase had an optimal pH between 5∼6, optimal temperature at 40∼50℃, and the protease had an optimal pH 7 and optimal temperature at 40℃.
搾乳牛사료의 糖蜜添加水準이 産乳量 및 乳組成에 미치는 影響
신형태,정기환,배희동 성균관대학교 생명과학자원연구소 1997 生命資源科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1
This experiment was conducted to determine the optimal level of molasses for lactating dairy cows on the performance with measuring the daily feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and profit above feed cost. Twelve lactating cows, weighing approximately 572kg and daily milk yield of 23.62kg, were allocated to three treatments with four head of each treatment. The substitution level of molasse to concentrate ration were control(0% molasses), 1.5% molasses and 3.0% molasses and experimental rations were fed totally mixed with concentrate and roughages(corn silage and rice straw). The results which were obtained as follows: 1. The daily concentrate, roughage and total feed intake(kg) of control(0% molasses), 1.5% molasses and 3.0% molasses supplementation were 9.98, 7.70, 17.68; 10.11, 7.80, 17.97; 9.94, 7.67, 17.60, respectively. 2. The daily milk yield(kg) of control, 1.5% molasses and 3.0% molasses supplementation were 19.75, 19.81 and 20.95, respectively. 3. The milk fat content(%) of control, 1.5% molasses and 3.0% molassses supplementation were 3.77, 3.79 and 3.68, respectively. 4. The 4% fat corrected milk yield(kg) of contol, 1.5% molasses and 3.0% molasses supplementation were 19.07, 19.19 and 19.95, respectively. 5. The optimum supplemental level of molasses for this experiment was 3.0% according to milk yield and profit above feed cost.
남은 음식물 발효사료 첨가가 육계의 성장과 사료효율에 미치는 효과
신형태,정기환 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6
본 연구는 남은 음식물을 가축의 사료로 이용하기 위하여 50㎏ 용량의 발효장치에서 발효시킨 남은 음식물 발효사료를 시판 육계사료와 5%, 10% 및 15% 대체하여 육계의 중체량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율 및 소화율에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 남은 음식물 발효사료의 사료적 가치를 조사하기 위하여 육계(♂)를 처리당 4 반복으로 반복당 10수씩 총 160수를 완전임의배치법으로 배치하여 생존율, 중체량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율 및 소화율을 측정하였다. 남은 음식물의 조성분은 시료채취 시마다 변이가 심하여 15∼25%의 조단백질과 10∼25%의 조섬유가 함유되어 있었다. 남은 음식물의 발효 완숙도를 높이기 위한 발효조건은 수분 함량 60%, 온도 55℃ 및 C/N비율 30으로 하였으며, 제조된 남은 음식물 발효사료의 화학적 조성은 건물 88.47%, 조회분 12.95%, 조단백질 20.82%, 조섬유 13.62% 및 조지방 9.15%였다. 육계의 3주령에서 5주령 사이의 중체량(g)은 대조구와 남은 음식물 발효사료 5%, 10% 및 15% 대체구가 각각 958.1, 990.7, 1,015.7 및 971.0으로 5%와 10% 대체구가 대조구와 15% 대체구보다 높았으며(p<.05), 15% 대체구와 대조구간에는 차이가 없었다. 사료 섭취량을 대조구 5%, 10% 및 15% 대체구가 각각 1,914.7g 1,924.9g, 2,084.2g 및 2,076.6g으로 남은 음식물 발효사료 10% 대체구와 15% 대체구가 대조구와 5% 대체구보다 유의적으로 높았으며(p<.05), 사료 요구율은 각각 1.99, 1.94, 2.75 및 2.13으로 15% 대체구가 유의적으로 높았다(p<.05). 실험사료의 건물소화율(%)은 대조구와 5% 대체구가 각각 68.97과 67.63으로 10%와 15% 대체구의 64.26 및 63.96 보다 높았으며(p<.05), 유기물소화율(%)도 대조구와 5% 대체구가 각각 71.52와 71.12로 10%와 15% 대체구의 67.71 및 67.25 보다 높았다 (p<.05). This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of food waste as a feed resources by fermentation. Fermented food waste was used as a substitute of broiler feed to check the liveability, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and digestibility. Three weeks old Abar Acre line 160 broilers were allocated four treatments : 40 broilers of each(4 replication × 10 broiler). The substitution level of fermehted food waste to commercial broiler feed were control, 0:100 treatment I, 5 : 95 ; treatment II, 10 : 90 ; treatment III, 15:85. The conditions of fermentation for making of fermented food waste and chemical composition, of fermented food waste were appeared to-follows : moisture contents, 60%; temperature, 55℃ and C/N ratio, 30 and dry matter, 88.47%, crude ash, 12.95%; crude protein, 20.82%; crude fiber, 13.62%; ether extract, 9.15%. The body weight of treatments I and II at 5 weeks was significantly higher than those of control and treatment III (p<.05) and weekly weight gain of treatments I, II and III at 3∼4 weeks was significantly higher than those of control (p<.05). Total feed consumption of treatments II and III was significantly higher than those of control and treatment I (p<.05) and weekly feed consumption of treatments II and III at 3∼4 weeks was significantly higher than those of control and treatment I (p<.05). Cummplative feed conversion of treatment III was significantly higher than those of rest group (p<.05) and weekly feed conversion of treatments II and III at 3∼4 weeks was significantly higher than those of control and treatment I (p<.05). Dry matter digestibility of control and treatment I was significantly higher than those of treatments II and III (p<.05) and organic matter digestibility was also higher in control and treatment I than those of treatments II and III (p<.05). The substitution level of fermented food waste to broiler feed was 5 to 10% according to the weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion in this experiment.