Prognostic Factors in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract after Radical Nephroureterectomy

조대성,홍석영,김영균,김선일,김세중 대한비뇨의학회 2011 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.52 No.5

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors for survival in patients treated surgically for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-TCC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 87 patients (64 men and 23 women, mean age of 62.2 years) with UUT-TCC who had undergone radical nephroureterectomy at our institution between June 1994 and June 2009. The median follow-up period was 32 months. The prognostic significance of various clinicopathological variables for recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival was analyzed by using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Of the total 87 patients, 21 patients (24.1%) developed local recurrence or distant metastasis and 16 patients (18.4%) died of disease during the follow-up period. The 5-year recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival rates were 74.6% and 75.2%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, hydronephrosis, T stage, N stage, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival. In the multivariate analysis, T stage and LVI were independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival. Conclusions: The T stage and LVI are independent prognostic factors for recurrence- free and cancer-specific survival in patients with UUT-TCC treated by radical nephroureterectomy. These findings would be helpful for guiding decisions about adjuvant therapies and the surveillance interval. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors for survival in patients treated surgically for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-TCC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 87 patients (64 men and 23 women, mean age of 62.2 years) with UUT-TCC who had undergone radical nephroureterectomy at our institution between June 1994 and June 2009. The median follow-up period was 32 months. The prognostic significance of various clinicopathological variables for recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival was analyzed by using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Of the total 87 patients, 21 patients (24.1%) developed local recurrence or distant metastasis and 16 patients (18.4%) died of disease during the follow-up period. The 5-year recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival rates were 74.6% and 75.2%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, hydronephrosis, T stage, N stage, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival. In the multivariate analysis, T stage and LVI were independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival. Conclusions: The T stage and LVI are independent prognostic factors for recurrence- free and cancer-specific survival in patients with UUT-TCC treated by radical nephroureterectomy. These findings would be helpful for guiding decisions about adjuvant therapies and the surveillance interval.

피라미드 구조 및 국부 오차 보상을 이용한 물체지향 부호화

조대성,박래홍 한국통신학회 1996 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.21 No.12

In this paper, we propse an object-oriented coding method in low bit-rate channels using pyramid structure and residual image compensation. In the motion estimation step, global motion is estimated using a set of multiresolution images constructed in a pyramid structure. We split an input image into two regions based on the gradient value. Regions with larte motions obtain observation points at low resolution level to guarantee robustness to noise and to satisfy a motion constraint equation whereas regions with local motions such as eye, and lips get observation points at the original resolution level. Local motion variations and intesity variations of an image reconstructed by the golbal motion are compensated additionally by using the previous residual image component. Finally, the model failure (MF) region is compensated by the pyramid mapping of the previous displaced frame difference (DFD). Computer simulation results show that the proposed method gives better performance that the convnetional one in terms of the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), compression ratio (CR), and computational complexity.

건축 디자인은 사용자 편에 서 있는가

조대성,Jo, Dae-Seong 대한건축사협회 1981 建築士 Vol.1981 No.7

블럭기반 움직임 벡터 필드 보정을 이용한 객체 지향 부호화기 ( Object-Oriented Coder Using Block Based Motion Vector Field Correction )

조대성,박래홍 대한전자공학회 1995 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1995 No.1

Cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 Expression as Prognostic Indicators in Conventional Renal Cell Carcinoma

조대성,주희재,오동근,강지훈,김영수,이기범,김세중 연세대학교의과대학 2005 Yonsei medical journal Vol.46 No.1

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and p53 expression with prognosis in patients with conventional renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of conventional RCC from 92 patients, who had undergone radical nephrectomy, were examined for COX-2 and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry and compared with clinicopathological variables. The COX-2 expression significantly correlated only with tumor size (p=0.049), whereas the p53 expression profoundly correlated with the TNM stage (p=0.024), M stage (p=0.001), and metastasis (synchronous or metachronous; p= 0.004). The COX-2 overexpression did not significantly associate with p53 positivity (p=0.821). The survival rate of patients correlated with the p53 expression (p<0.0001) but not with the COX-2 expression (p=0.7506). Multivariate analyses indicated that tumor size, M stage, and p53 expression were independent prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival. The COX-2 expression was not an independent factor. These results show that the increased expression of p53 was associated with metastasis and a worse prognosis in conventional RCC, which suggests that p53 might have played an important role in the progression of conventional RCC. The increased expression of COX-2 was associated only with tumor size, but may not be an important prognostic factor in conventional RCC. No association was observed between COX-2 overexpression and p53 positivity in conventional RCC.

시론 : 건축의 개혁-교육부터

조대성 대한건축학회 1995 建築 Vol.39 No.11

권두언

조대성 대한지방행정공제회 2001 도시문제 Vol.36 No.390

N/A

블러기반 움직임 벡터와 오차 영상 보상을 이용한 물체지향 부호화기

조대성,박래홍 대한전자공학회 1996 전자공학회논문지-B Vol.b33 No.3

In this paper, we propose an object-oriented coding method in low bit-rate channels using block-based motion vectors and residual image compensation. First, we use a 2-stage algorithm for estimating motion parameters. In the first stage, coarse motion parameters are estimated by fitting block-based motion vectors and in the second stage, the estimated motion parametes are refined by the gradient method using an image reconstructed by motion vectors detected in the first stage. Local error of a 6-parameter model is compensted by blockwise motion parameter correction using residual image. Finally, model failure (MF) region is reconstructed by a fractal mapping method. Computer simulation resutls show that the proposed method gives better performance than the conventional ones in terms of th epeak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and compression ratio (CR).

특집 - 박람회와 건축 : 박람회장 계획의 환경디자인 요소 - 시애틀 박람회를 생각하면서 ( Notes on Environmental Design for EXPO Planning:Learning form Seattle Center )

조대성 대한건축학회 1990 建築 Vol.34 No.6

1962년의 시애틀 21세기 박람회장은 약 8만8천명(72에이커)의 비교적 작은 도심지와 그리 멀지 않은 12 블럭의 학교운동장, 강당, 창고 등의 기존 시설이 있는 퇴락해가는 주거지역을 개발한 것인데 오랜동안 바라던 시민센터(civic center)를 박람회 덕분에 얻게 된 셈이다. 1964년 인종문화의 음식점, 예술 공예점 그리고 유원지 시설을 갖춘 도시공원의 형태로 부분적인 조경의 손질을 보고 그 후 또 몇개의 새건물이 추가되긴 했으나 박람회 당시의 주요 시설물 분위기가 여전히 살아 활기찬 시민환경의 시애틀센터로 발전되고 있다.

특집 - 건축·도시의 정주환경 : 도시개발의 시민 `텃세`론 - 업무용빌딩과 재개발의 한계

조대성 대한건축학회 1987 建築 Vol.31 No.1

대부분의 도시는 토지이용계획이나 시설계획이 있기 이전에 벌써 대부분의 땅의 용도가 정해져 왔고 또 많은 기존 시설물들이 자리잡고 있기때문에 실상 지역지구제(zoing)나 토지이용계획에 임의적 요소가 불가피하다. 따라서 '정위치' '적재적소'의 계획원칙이나 규칙은 절대적일수 없으며 다분히 적은 경험의 임의적 요소가 많으며 시행착오의 경험과 사회규범의 허용 테두리 안에서 끊임없는 변칙 변화의 적응과정에 무엇보다 시민의 자리 (텃세)가 회복되어야 할 것이다.