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신현웅(Shin Hyun-Wooung) 한국사학회 2004 史學硏究 Vol.- No.73
Until now the issue over the origin of Samhan has been explained through two points of view that are completely different. Some tend to view the whole Samhan of Mahan, Jinhan, Byeonjin han primarily as the result of the growth of indigenous power, while some others view of Mahan, Jinhan, Byeonjin as being related to the northem people's migration to the south direction. But both views do not seem to match which the actual articles on the origin of Samhan in record of Hanjeon(韓傳), Samgukji(三國志). Since Samgukji Hanjeon manifests that Mahan was a kind of natives while Byeonjinhan(Byeonjin·Jinhan) were migrated power that came down to the south, the Samhan that has been mentioned in Samgukji Hanjeon can be inferred as having a binary structure in its origin. And the concept of 'Samhan' appear in Samgukji Hanjeon could be deciphered as a progressive viewpoint in the formation of Samhan.<br/> Also there are gaps in many aspects between the cultural inheritance of Mahan and Byeonjinhan as represented in Hanjeon, Samgukji. By the way some have so far dismissed them either as their cultural backwardness or advancedness of Mahan and Byeonjinhan, or some others have considered them as the reflection of hostility on the Chinese side in the wake of the expanding power of Mahan. And there still exists the question of whether it can be used as a ground for the difference in the chronology of the records, Hanjeon. However the difference between the culture of Mahan and Byeonjinhan could be interpreted in relation to the origin of Samhan. Though we shall premise that there was the common cultural foundation in the basic, overall cultural features for Mahan, Byeonjinhan, from a two-pier perspective on the origin, could witness the footprints of the cultural inheritance of the early of organization, Samhan.
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신현웅(Shin Hyun-Wooung) 한국사연구회 2003 한국사연구 Vol.122 No.-
Samgukji(三國志 history of the three kingdoms, Chinese) Hanjeon(韓傳 Han, the account of Eastern Barbarians) could be considered as the most ancient and the primary literature of reference to Samhan(三韓). It is true that we have Huhanseo(後漢書) Hanjeon also, but as the latter seems to be the remake of Samgukji Hanjeon, we are in the position that should depend on Samgukji Hanjeon absolutely for its being almost the only literature in the field. This research has endeavored, through the analysis of Samgukji Hanjeon, to arrange the views over the following prominent issues. First of all it mentioned the origin of Mahan(馬韓) as illustrated in Samgukji Hanjeon along with that of Jinhan(辰韓) and Byeonjin(弁辰). And it reviewed the issues over the concept of 'Samhan'(three-Hans) and inferred the formation process of the concept. Until now the issue over the origin of Samhan has been explained through two points of view that are completely different. Some tend to view the whole Samhan primarily as the result of the growth of an indigenous power, while others view the mainstream of Samhan as being related to the northern people's migration to the south. But both views do not seem to match the actual articles in Samgukji Hanjeon. Since Samgukji Hanjeon manifests that Mahan was a kind of natives while Byeonjinhan(弁辰韓 ByeonjinㆍJinhan) were migrated power that came down to the south, the Samhan society that has been mentioned in Samgukji Hanjeon can be inferred as having a binary structure in its origin. And the concept of 'Samhan' appear in Samgukji Hanjeon looks it could be deciphered as a progressive viewpoint in the formation of Samhan. In sum while considering the origin of 'Samhan'. we may suppose it as being the ① Han(韓)ㆍJin(辰) in the initial stage and as having progressed in turn to ② Han(韓) - Jinhan(辰韓), ③ Mahan(馬韓) - Jinhan(辰韓), ④ Mahan(馬韓) - Jinhan(辰韓) - Byeonjin(弁辰), and ⑤ Mahan(馬韓) - Jinhan(辰韓) - Byeonhan(弁韓). Apparently it would be right to suggest that the origin issue and the formation issue of 'Samhan' are in some way or another related with each other. The researcher came to credit, considering the progressive formation process of the concept of 'Samhan', that the basic concepts of Samhan such as Hanguk(韓國 Han-country)ㆍHanwang(韓王 Han-king), Jinguk(辰國 Jin-country)ㆍJinwang(辰王 Jin-king), MahanㆍJinhan, and ByeonjinㆍByeonhan in record of Hanjeon would be comprehensible with their facilitation of reciprocal bases.
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신현웅 한국고대사학회 2003 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.32 No.-
Of course, Hanjeon, Samgukji apparently may appear to be a record system of Han-Jinhan-Byeonjin-Byeonjin, However the record of Hanjeon, Samgukkji can be considered as a system in which the section of record cannot be divided by their mere original names and actually it is a record system of Mahan-Jinhan-Byeonjinhan-Byeonjin. In addition Hanjeon, Samgukji apparently may be considered as very much absurd in the composition of record. But since record of Hanjeon has the system in which Mahan and Byeonjinhan are recorded in corresponding manner, Haryeon may really be said to be consistent on comprehensive and organic structure and composion of recording. Meanwhile, Hanjeon, Samgukji may be said as conveying seemingly very absurd the article contents and recording. Nevertheless since it had concerned with the purpose of corresponding articles between Mahan and Byeonjinhan, Hanjeon, Samgukji actually stuck to the fonnat system, the result of that, making itself a very unintelligible record. Also scattered notes of Weirak quoted in Hanwon have both similarities, dissimilarities with Hanjeon, Samgukji, it is noticeable that above interpretation is possible when we conjecture through the record of Weirak in Hanwon. It is seem that we may trace the process of a full account of Hanjeon, Samgukji with the help of Weirak, Hanwon. Perhaps wouldn't it be better for us to perceive the recording of Hanjeon, Samgukji as having its own peculiarity? While appeared seemingly with some discrepancies in its format system, the record of Hanjeon. Samgukji actually has kept its consistency of format, the results of that raise in some problems in its contents of the articles. While we may affirm that Hanjeon, Samgukji is an history book in which the editor's intent is very largely reflected, but we may also recognize it as had been recorded with its original materials kept intact as long as it was possible. With this the researcher was able to present opinion on the Hanjeon, Samgukji. the prime material of Samhan.
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