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법률행위로 인한 관습법상 법정지상권 폐지와 법정임대차 도입- 민법 개정안을 중심으로 -
권영준 한국민사법학회 2014 民事法學 Vol.68 No.-
The abolition of the customary superficies and the adoption of thestatutory lease– A study on the Draft of the Civil Code Amendment –Kwon, YoungjoonThe Korean Civil Code (hereinafter “KCC”), which was first enactedback in 1960, is a fundamental norm governing legal relationships amongprivate entities. Since the enactment of the KCC, Korean society hasexperienced drastic changes in various aspects. However, the KCC hasnever been comprehensively amended up to now. Against this backdrop,there has been a constant call for the comprehensive amendment of theKCC. In response, the Ministry of Justice has carried out an ambitiouslegal project of amending the KCC since 2009. As of January 2014, thefinal amendment draft is about to be completed. This article aims toaddress major changes envisaged in the draft specifically concerning theabolition of the customary superficies. Customary superficies, according to the legal precedents, endows abuilding owner the right of superficies even without agreement with aland owner or relevant legal provisions creating such superficies undercertain conditions. The main function of this customary right is to protectpublic interest inherent in the existence of a building. When the ownershipof land and the building thereon, once attributed to the same owner,belong to different owners due to whatever legal reasons including sale orpublic auction, the building owner can claim the right of customarysuperficies against the land owner so long as there is no contract to teardown the building. This is specific legal device to protect building owner권영준 : 법률행위로 인한 관습법상 법정지상권 폐지와 법정임대차 도입 41in a jurisdiction where the ownership of land and a building can beseparated. The customary superficies was first acknowledged in 1916 by ChosunHigh Court. Since then, there has been much debate over whether or notsuch custom had existed in Korea. In particular, there has been heavycriticism on conferring too strong right to a building owner in case of salewhen she could have made a contract with a land owner to securerelevant right to use land. This led to the current draft, which abolishesthe customary superficies in case of sale, while converting the customarysuperficies in case of public auction into legal superficies by creatingadditional provisions to that effect. In the case, the statutory lease contractwill be acknowledged for 10 years after the ownership over land and abuilding belong to different owners. This provides interim protection for abuilding owner, but not as formidable as customary superficies. It remains to be seen whether or not this draft will finally be enactedin the near future. Yet, the draft itself is certainly worthy of beingreviewed from an academic point of view even before its enactment.
화학공정용 전동기에 사용된 3D 프린팅 플라스틱 볼베어링의 내화학성 평가 및 현장적용 연구
권영준,노명규 한국트라이볼로지학회 2023 한국트라이볼로지학회지 (Tribol. Lubr.) Vol.39 No.1
Fluid pumps in chemical processes are typically driven by electric motors. Even if the motor is separated from the pump with seals, wear resulting from friction and misalignment can lead to leakage of chemical fluid, causing corrosion in the bearing supporting the motor, and, eventually, failure of the motor. It is thus a standard procedure to replace bearings at regular intervals. In this article, we propose 3D-printed plastic ball bearings for use as an alternative to commercial stainless-steel ball bearings. The plastic bearings are easy to manufacture, require less time to replace, and are chemically resistant. To validate the applicability of the plastic bearings, we first conducted chemical resistance tests. Bearings were immersed in 30 caustic acid and 30 nitric acid for 30 min and 24 h, respectively. The test results showed no corrosive damage to the bearings. A test rig was set up to compare the performance of the plastic bearings with that of the commercially equivalent deep-groove ball bearings. Loading test results showed that the plastic bearings performed as well as the commercial bearing in terms of vibration level and load-handling capability. Finally, a plastic bearing was subjected to a clean-in-place process for three months. It actually outperformed the commercial bearing in terms of chemical resistance. Thus, 3D-printed plastic bearings are a viable alternative to stainless-steel ball bearings.
이행이익, 신뢰이익, 중복배상 - 지출비용과 일실이익의 배상청구와 관련하여 -
권영준 대한변호사협회 2020 人權과 正義 : 大韓辯護士協會誌 Vol. No.
계약 해제와 더불어 채무불이행으로 인한 손해배상을 구할 경우 이행이익 배상이 원칙이지만 “그에 갈음하여” 신뢰이익 배상을 받을 수도 있다는 것이 판례의 태도이다. 이와 관련하여 이행이익과 신뢰이익 배상은 택일적 관계에 있으므로 양자의 중복 청구는 허용되지 않는다는 의문이 제기될 수 있다. 상대방의 계약 이행을 믿고 지출한 비용과 상대방이 계약을 제대로 이행하였더라면 얻었을 일실이익을 함께 구할 수 있는가가 그 전형적인 문제 상황이라고 할 수 있다. 이 글에서는 이러한 문제 상황을 염두에 두고, 이행이익과 신뢰이익의 관계, 나아가 양자를 동시에 구할 경우 발생할 수 있는 중복배상의 법리에 대해 검토하였다. 그 검토 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 지출비용을 포함한 제반 비용을 공제한 순이익으로서의 일실이익 배상을 구하면서 그와 별도로 지출비용 배상을 구하는 것은 법적으로나 경제적으로 별도 항목의 손해를 구하는 것이므로 중복배상청구에 해당하지 않는다. 이와 다른 취지로 읽힐 여지가 있는 판례도 있으나, 그 판례를 포함하여 전반적인 판례의 흐름을 종합적으로 검토하면 동일한 결론에 이를 수 있다. 이는 우리나라 뿐만 아니라 미국, 영국, 독일, 일본 등 다른 나라의 학설 내지 판례에 의하여 일반적으로 확인되고 있는 법리이다. It is the position of the Korean Supreme Court precedents that an obligee, in case where a contract is terminated due to the breach by an obligor, is entitled to damages for performance interest while he/she may seek damages for reliance interest in lieu of performance interest. A question may arise as to whether or not seeking damages both for performance interest and reliance interest at the same time is allowed, and whether or not it may be deemed double compensation. The typical situation under which this question arises is where the obligee seeks costs that he/she had spent in reliance of the obligor’s due performance as reliance damages while the same obligee additionally seeks lost profit that he/she could have earned if the obligor had duly performed as performance damages. This article address the relationship between performance and reliance interest, and the issue of double compensation in relation to the aformentioned situation. Conclusion can be summarized as follows. If the obligor seeks net lost profit, meaning that all the expenses including pre-spent costs, as performance damages while he/she seeks costs that were not reflected in the net profit, then such claims are not deemed double compensation since each claim reflects separate and different loss. There are some Supreme Court precedents that may be read otherwise. However, after reviewing the whole body of the relevent legal precedents including the aformentioned precedents, the above conclusion can also be justified under Korean case law. The same doctrine is also gnerally recognized in other jurisdictions including USA, UK, Germany and Japan.