뇌졸중 환자들의 동적 균형 평가(F8WT, FSST, ST)의 검사-재검사 재현성과 최저 실제 차이

박창식,안승헌 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2024 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.63 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 Figure 8 Walk Test(F8WT), Four Square Step Test(FSST), Step Test(ST)의 검사-재검사 재현성과 최저 실제 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌졸중 환자 30명을 대상으로 F8WT, FSST, ST의 검사-재검사를 7일 간격으로 재평가하였다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도(test-retest reliability)는 급간내상관계수(Intra Class Coefficient, ICC2,1), 무작위 측정 오차의 크기를 결정하기 위하여 표준 측정 오차(Standard Error of Measurement, SEM)와 최저 실제 차이(Small real difference, SRD) 및 SRD%와 Bland and Altman(일치 한계) 분석을 이용하였다. 연구 결과 F8WT, FSST, 마비측과 비마비측 ST의 검사-재검사 신뢰도의 재현성은 ICC=.951∼ .994(.907 ∼ .994)로 높은 것으로 확인되었다. SF8WT와 FSST의 SEM은 각각 2.21, 2.07, 마비측과 비마비측 ST는 각각 .56, .40으로 평균 점수의 <20%미만, SRD는 F8WT와 FSST에서 각각 5.99, 5.72, 마비측과 비마비측 ST는 각각 1.54, 1.10으로 최고 획득 가능한 점수의 20%미만으로 신뢰할 만한 수준이었다. F8WT, FSST, ST검사 재검사 일치율 ICC는 높고, SEM과 SRD값은 신뢰할 수 있는 수준으로 명확히 재현성이 검증되었다. 따라서 F8WT, FSST, ST는 임상가와 연구가에게 있어 만성 뇌졸중 환자들의 이동성과 동적 균형 능력의 변화를 관찰하거나 평가하는데 유용한 평가 도구가 될 수 있을 것이다. This study aimed to assess the test-retest reproducibility and smallest real difference of the Figure-of-Eight Walk Test (F8WT), Four Square Step Test (FSST), and Step Test (ST) in chronic stroke survivors. The test-retest of F8WT, FSST, and ST was re-evaluated at seven-day intervals for 30 stroke survivors. To evaluate test-retest reliability, Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Small Real Difference(SRD), SRD%, and a Bland-Altman (limits of agreement) plot were used to determine Intra Class Coefficient (ICC2,1), as well as the magnitude of random measurement error. The study’s results showed that the reproducibility of test-retest reliability of F8WT, FSST, and ST on the paretic and non-paretic side was high with ICC=.951-.994 (.907-.994). The SEM of the SF8WT and FSST were 2.21 and 2.07, respectively, and the ST values of the paretic and non-paretic sides were .56 and .40, respectively, which were below 20% of the average score. SRD values were 5.99 and 5.72 in F8WT and FSST, respectively. STs were 1.54 and 1.10 on the paretic and non-paretic sides, reliable at less than 20% of the highest score possible. The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), F8WT, FSST, and ST test-retest agreement rates were high furthermore, SEM and SRD values were verified to be sufficiently reproducible at a reliable level. Therefore, F8WT, FSST, and ST may be helpful evaluation tools for clinicians and researchers to observe or evaluate any changes in mobility and dynamic balance ability in chronic stroke survivors.

이원교잡종 및 삼원교잡종 돼지의 산자능력 비교

박창식,정선부,이근상,박영일 ( C . S . Park,S . B . Chung,K . S . Lee,Y . I . Park ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The results of a crossbreeding experiment with a total of 315 litters of Berkshires, Hampshires, Durocs, Landraces, Large Whites; eight different two-breed crosses and twelve different three-breed crosses, produced at Livestock Experiment Station from 1975 through 1979, are summarized as follows. 1. Number born alive per litter was largest in the D♂×(Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ mating, followed by the D♂ × (H♂ × L♀) F₁♀ mating, and was smallest in the Hampshires. The pigs in the 3rd-6th parities had larger litter size at birth than those in other parities. 2. Birth weight of pig was heaviest in L♂ × Lw♀ mating and lightest in the Large White. The total litter weight at birth was heaviest in the D♂ × (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ mating, followed by D♂ × (H♂ × L♀) F₁♀ and Lw♂ × L♀ mating, and was smaller in Hampshires and Berkshires. 3. Latter size at weaning was largest in the D♂× (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ mating, followed by D♂× (H♂×L♀)F₁♀ and Lw♂ × L♀ matings, and was smaller in Durocs and Hampshires. The pigs in the 3rd-6th parities had larger litter size at weaning than those in other parities. 4. The total litter weight at weaning was heaviest in the D♂ × (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀mating, followed by H♂ × (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ and Lw♂ × L♀ matings, and was lighter in Durocs and Hampshires. The weaning weight of pig was largest in D♂ × (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ mating and lightest in L ♂ × H♀ mating. 5. Survival rate at weaning was hightest in L♂ × Lw ♀ mating, followed by D♂ × (L♂ × H♀) F₁♀ and D♂ × (H ♂ × I ♀) F₁♀ matings, and was lowest in Durocs. 6. The results obtained in this study suggest that the two-breed cross from Lw♂ × L ♀ mating, and the three-breed crosses from D♂× (Lw♂ × L♀) F₁♀ and D ♂ × (H♂× L♀) F₁♀ matings are superior crossbreds for reproductive performance.

봄철 건강관리 알레르기성 비염

박창식,Park, Chang-Sik 대한결핵협회 2007 보건세계 Vol.54 No.3

物的流通에 있어서의 商.物分離原則에 관한 考察

朴昌式 高神大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

韓國經濟

최운열,柳東吉,鄭義光,강철규,박창식 한국지역사회연구소 1992 地域社會 Vol.1992 No.2

병원경영에 있어서 CRM 마케팅 적용과 사례에 관한 일 고찰

박창식 고신대학교 보건과학연구소 2002 보건과학연구소보 Vol.12 No.-

CRM should not be considered as DB marketing. DB marketing aims at accomplishing managerial purposes by using customer DB. But CRM seeks making good relationships with customers and thereon developing relevant processes. CRM has nothing to do with the sale of medical products. In CRM, it is more important to manage value customers and raise their life-time value(LTV) rather than to attract more customers. Second, CRM programs should be proceeded in a small but moderate scale. If CRM programs are proceeded in too large scale, it may cause difficulty in balancing the programs and cost increase in operating them. Third, accomplishments of CRM programs should be continuously evaluated. Accomplishments of the application of CRM programs should be evaluated using a measurement system already established. Results of the evaluation will be basic information for determining whether the next CRM investment is needed. Fourth, data should be selectively collected and stored. Successful hospitals are likely to related data strategies with CRM strategies closely and precisely. Fifth, CRM programs should be applied in balance with outside situations. Many CRM programs as world's leading auto programs have much difficulty in being properly applied because there are few skilled, qualified persons who will take responsibility for the operation of the programs. There may be few systems for the operation, even though there are such skilled, qualified persons. Sixth, efforts of improvement should be intensively continued. Effective CRM programs should be continuously developed and maintained. They are required to properly reflect dynamic situations and environments of medical markets. To survive rapidly changing medical market environments, hospitals should increase investment in marketing activities as well as in service quality. Among the marketing activities, the most important thing is the introduction of CRM. Effects of the introduction include hospitals' perpetual maintenance and expansion, cost reduction, customer loyalty improvement and market diversification, ultimately improving hospital management.

TiO₂광촉매를 이용한 페놀 제거에 관한 연구

박창식,김승건,김민찬,이상백 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2005 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.1

The experimental study on photocatalytic phenol removal was conducted by using TiO_(2) as a photocatalyst and ultraviolet(UV) ray as a light source. The effect of several variables such as the amount of photocatalyst, the wavelength of UV ray and the operation temperature and pH of reaction system on the removal efficiency of phenol was experimentally examined. Up to the concentration of photocatalyst 0.025g/L, the removal efficiency of phenol increased with the concentration of photocatalyst and beyond this concentration the reaction rate was independent of catalyst concentration. The removal of phenol was enhanced as the energy intensity was increased, that is the wavelength became shorter. It seemed that the photocatalytic decomposition of phenol prefers the basic condition and is insensitive to the operation temperature.

통과선박자유항 제도의 도입과 영도의 역할

박창식 고신대학교 영도발전연구소 2000 영도연구 Vol.2 No.-

Terms discussed in this paper including free port, free trade zone, tariff-free zone and free ship passing zone are all similar in a basic meaning, but differently applied in accordance to place and time. The system of tariff-free zone for passing shops has advantages such as the exemptions of custom clearance procedures, tariffs, taxes and other expenses. These benefits to activities at designated sea areas or regions including taking in and out freights and importing exporting and transiting foreign and domestic products, ultimately having efforts of the activation of intermediate and trust trades, creation of logistics-based added values, job creation, inducement of foreign capitals, and economic development of Yougdo-Gu as well as Busan. This study reviewed the significances of free port system and tariff-free zone and investigate cases in which the system of free ship passing port made actual benefits. Then the study determined and confirmed the validity of establishing the system of free ship passing port in Busan by using a literature review. The purpose of this study is to grasp possible efforts of the system on economic aspects of Busan and Youngdo and the role of the island district in the system operation. The district of Youngdo which is least independent financially compared to the other districts in Busan has a geographical disadvantage as an island, but other different advantages as well which are not being utilized enough currently. It is often that foreign advanced countries are trying the income increase of their own island regions by utilizing ports behind the regions better. The system of free ship passing port is essential to achieve the economic restoration of Busan and the income increase of Youngdo. Consequently, Youngdo can be economically activated and developed as a facility complex supporting the port city by introducing the system of free ship passing port, specifically through the designation and specialization of port-related industries including shipbuilding and ship materials industries, rearrangement of bonded warehouses within its port storage area to facilitate the demand and supply of foods and commodities for ships and inducement of facilities supporting the port of Busan.

WTO 가입 이후 중국의 채소수출 전략

박창식 농업협동조합중앙회 2003 농협조사월보 Vol.552 No.-

중국은 세계 최대의 채소 생산국이자 소비국이다. 중국의 채소산업은 다양한 재배품종과 막대한 생산량을 기반으로 가격 경쟁력 측면에서는 우위를 점하고 있지만 대내외적으로 많은 문제점을 안고 있다. 대외적으로는 중국이 WTO 에 가입하였지만 여전히 국제무역에서 차별대우를 당하고 있으며, WTO 가입 당시 이행키로 약정한 사항 때문에 채소 수출에 일정한 제한을 받고 있다. 한편 대내적으로 중국의 채소산업은 식품안전성의 미흡, 가공기술의 낙후, 품질관리체계의 미정비 등으로 인해 수출 확대를 낙관할 수만은 없는 상황에 처해 있다. 따라서 WTO 협정과 중국의 채소산업 실태에 대한 면밀한 분석과 함께 대응전략을 수립함으로써 채소산업의 경쟁력과 수출 확대를 도모해 나가야 할 것이다.

聖書的 經濟意識과 過消費

박창식 高神大學校 學生生活硏究所 1990 學生生活硏究 Vol.5 No.-