환자이동과 간호업무와의 관계에 관한 연구

박선화,김경순,박수경,이영미,정문희 한국보건통계학회 2002 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.27 No.1

This study is focused on understanding the relation between patient flow and nursing service. Investigated the number of patient and nurse who were under nursing service, after looking into the nursing list concerning the patient who were hospitalized at the mixed surgery unit and the sole surgery unit among the surgery unit in H hospital, one of Third Medical Institution in Seoul, from 1 January to 30 June, 2002. The result of study are as follows: 1. The mixed surgery unit is three times more than the sole surgery unit concerning the absolute number of admission and discharge's average in a day. 2. The factor of administration (transferring a room and unit, admission and discharge) and medical treatment (surgery), all of them that the mixed surgery unit is more than the sole surgery unit. This difference had the meaning statistically. 3. The number of patient per nurse is not different between the mixed surgery unit and sole surgery unit, however in case of the number of patient caused by movement factor, the mixed surgery unit is more than the sole surgery unit in a day and month. Consequently, it suggests to examine the working plan flexibly in a day and month with considering the administration factor such as movement, as thinking over the manpower arrangement in the unit with having the limited manpower.

고대 한국인이 선호한 기본도형의 의미와 유형

박선화,김지수,나영주 한국감성과학회 2019 감성과학 Vol.22 No.2

The purposes of this study are to identify the meaning of the geometrical patterns preferred by ancient Korean peoples and to classify them into some groups by their similarity. We investigated various patterns found on clothing and relics from GoJoseon to Goguryeo period, and utilized secondary sources such as history articles, Internet materials and photo and analyzed the associations of the varied patterns found in pottery, handicrafts, and clothing with the ancient cultures. We found the letters (ㅇ, ㅁ, and ㅅ of Korean alphabet, Hangul) preferred by ancestors who worshipped nature to identify the significations attached by them to particular patterns. The results confirm the following: first, the circle pattern indicated the sun, moon, stars in the sky, a bronze mirror, and a man's face. Circles and ovals were also observed to represent the individual souls of the clan or community. Second, square patterns symbolized the land and the patterns that signified the wellbeing of family and the country. Oblique rectangles were more frequently used as they represented a double use of the triangle, a shape that implied mystic power. Third, triangle symbolized regeneration, power, and humanity. While the Neolithic Age jade remnants of hair combs appear not to be irrelevant to the process of comb-shaped pottery production of the time, many fine comb-like lines may be found on bronze mirrors. Through its review of the glorious designs inherited from and established by ancient ancestors, the present research endeavor may help in identifying the spirits and traditions of Korean history. 본 연구의 목적은 오래전부터 한국인이 애용해 온 기본 도형을 분석하여 의미와 상징성을 밝히고 그 유형을 분류하는 것이다. 선조들은 원, 네모, 세모 형태를 선호하였는데 한글에 ‘ㅇ, ㅁ, ㅅ’ 가 존재하는 사실이 이를 뒷받침한다. 이를 위해 고조선부터 삼국시대에 이르기까지 복식과 유물 등에 나타난 기본 도형을 고찰하였다. 연구방법으로는 도서, 인터넷 및 사진자료 등을 분석하였으며 도자기, 청동기, 복식 등 다양한 곳에 나타난 도형의 연결고리를 찾았다. 그 연구결과 첫째, 원은 하늘, 해, 달, 별, 청동거울, 얼굴 등을 상징하는데 일찍이 천문관측이 발달했던 사실과 원형제단이나 제사장의 표징인 원형 청동거울이 이를 뒷받침한다. 둘째, 땅(地)을 상징하는 것은 네모라고 보았다. 하늘과 땅신에게 모두 제사를 지냈었고 네모는 부족 공동체의 안녕과 풍요를 담은 현실을 의미하는 형태이다. 마름모형이 더 많이 애용되었는데 이는 힘을 상징하는 세모가 두 개나 들어있는 형태이기 때문이라고 추측한다. 셋째, 빗살무늬 토기에서도 나타나지만 뫼 ‘山’과 사람 ‘人’ 및 모자나 마늘의 형태 또는 나 ‘厶’ 등으로부터 세모가 파생되었다고 보는데 하늘, 땅 다음으로 사람이 중요하다는 고대인의 사고에서 발생한 것으로 본다. 아름다운 유산인 기본 도형의 연구를 통해 한국역사의 오랜 전통과 정신을 이해하고 새로운 창조문화로 이어지길 기대한다.

도리스 레씽의 소설에 나타난 죽음 이미지 연구 -노이만의 공포의 어머니 이론을 중심으로-

박선화 한국중앙영어영문학회 2005 영어영문학연구 Vol.47 No.2

중학생의 수학·과학 정의적 특성 함양 프로그램 개발

박선화 한국교육과정평가원 2015 교육광장 Vol.55 No.-

Recollection of Memory and Stupidity of Love in Julian Barnes’s The Sense of an Ending

박선화 한국영어영문학회 2019 영어 영문학 Vol.65 No.1

This paper examines the narrator’s functions of memory, love and self-realization in Julian Barnes’s 2011 Man Booker Prize winning novel, The Sense of an Ending. Using Frank Kermode’s identical title, Barnes adapts the concept of peripeteia to show how the narrator, Tony Webster, distorts and misremembers his own past. Tony faces his peripeteia in relation to a love triangle with his ex-girlfriend, Veronica, and his schoolmate, Adrian. Beginning with the recollection of his memory caused by the contents of a will from Veronica’s mother, Tony goes back to his university days after forty years. Tony confesses he forgot what he had written to Adrian who politely asks for permission to meet Veronica; and later it turns out that with jealously and rage Tony sent Adrian a postcard of the Clifton Suspension Bridge where surprisingly people jump to death, and moreover a letter with curses to Adrian and Veronica including their next generation. After six months, when he heard about Adrian’s shocking suicide, he simply accepted the reason of Adrian’s death in his own way and went on to live his life. Without recognizing the aftermath of his past acts, Tony comes to know after forty years that Adrian has a mentally challenged son whose mother is not Veronica but Veronica’s mother, Sarah. What matters to him in the case is that Tony loved Veronica and his blind love caused his stupid behavior. By illustrating Tony’s fallibility of memory and past acts, this paper stresses Tony’s self-realization in stupidity Avital Ronell argues; namely, Tony’s stupidity is a part of his nature but is not perceived. In this vein, the peripeteia entangled with his love in The Sense of an Ending is a literary device for Tony to recollect and reconstruct his past, present and, even probably, future by relating himself with others.

지하수 중 탄소원으로 fumarate 주입과 유전자분석을 통한 질산성질소 자연저감도 평가

박선화,김현구,김소현,이민경,이경미,김영,김문수,김태승,Park, Sunhwa,Kim, Hyun-Gu,Kim, Sohyun,Lee, Min-Kyeong,Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Kim, Young,Kim, Moon-Su,Kim, Taeseung 한국지하수토양환경학회 2014 지하수토양환경 Vol.19 No.4

In the results of monitoring nitrate concentration in more than 8,000 groundwater wells around agro-livestock, the average and maximum nitrate concentration was 9.4 mg/L and 101.2 mg/L, respectively. Since about 31% of the monitoring wells was exceed the quality standard for drinking water, nitrate control such as remediation or source regulation is required to conserve safe-groundwater in South Korea. Typical nitrate-treatment technologies include ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and biological denitrification. Among the treatment methods, biological denitrification by indigenous microorganism has environmental and economic advantages for the complete elimination of nitrate because of lower operating costs compared to other methods. Major mechanism of the process is microbial reduction of nitrate to nitrite and nitrogen gas. Three functional genes (nosZ, nirK, nirS) that encode for the enzyme involved in the pathway. In this work, we tried to develop simple process to determine possibility of natural denitrification reaction by monitoring the functional gene. For the work, the functional genes in nitrate-contaminated groundwater were monitored by using PCR with specific target primers. In the result, functional genes (nosZ and nirK) encoding denitrification enzymes were detected in the groundwater samples. This method can help to determine the possibility of natural-nitrate degradation in target groundwater wells without multiplex experimental process. In addition, for field-remediation application we selected nitrate-contaminated site where 200~600 mg/L of nitrate is continuously detected. To determine the possibility of nitrate-degradation by stimulated-natural attenuation, groundwater was sampled in two different wells of the site and nitrate concentration of the samples was 300 mg/L and 616 mg/L, respectively. Fumarate for different C/N ratio was added into microcosm bottles containing the groundwater to examine denitrification rate depending on carbon concentration. In the result, once 1.5 times more than amount of fumarate stoichiometry required was added, the 616 mg/L of nitrate and 300 mg/L of nitrate were completely degraded in 8 days and 30 days. The nitrite, byproduct of denitrification process, was also completely degraded during the experimental period.

『마사 퀘스트』 에서의 자아 추구 여정에 관한 소고 : 공포의 어머니 원형을 중심으로

박선화 한국현대영미소설학회 2001 현대영미소설 Vol.8 No.1

Martha Quest, one of the stories in Children of Violence series, concentrates on Martha, who is trying to seek her own identity, but in vain. Around her there are figures hindering her from finding her self. According to Erich Neumann, they are the figures that personify the Terrible Mother Archetype. When the ego(heroine) is in their control, the terrible and devouring aspects of it prohibit the ego from trying to get out of them. One of the figures who represents the "terrible mother" archetype is Mrs. Quest. She is Martha's mother, but disregards her daughter's age, so she always considers Martha as a young child. Another is Donovan, who helps her join the social circle. At first, he seems to be a supporter of her. He, however, wants her to behave in his own fashion, such as makeup, clothes, and making friends, etc. Mrs. Anderson is another person that stands for the "terrible mother" archetype in that she bans Martha's marriage to her son, Donovan because of money. Stella erases Martha's personality by arranging the relationship between Martha and Dolly. Indirectly, she urges that Martha can't marry him because he isn't the same race as she. Finally, Martha gets married to Douglas, who is one of the members of the Sports Club which symbolizes the White Society. Here, one important device used by the "terrible mother" is sleep. When Martha sleeps, she forgets all the things she experienced outside. Mrs. Quest and Stella ask her to sleep after her serious problems. But on the other hand, while sleeping, Martha gains a warning of her future, and becomes aware of her present condition through dreams. Besides, she attempts to read lots of books, leading her to decide what to do in the future. This means that now she is controlled by the "terrible mother", but later she will get over it, and can free herself.

DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY의 정도관리

박선화,민강미,이춘미,신동선,차정희,안의경,원종권 대한방사선사협회 2003 대한방사선사협회지 Vol.29 No.1

힐러리 맨틀의 『울프 홀』: 영국 튜더왕조시대의 영국성공회 형성과정 고찰

박선화 한국문학과종교학회 2020 한국문학과종교학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2020 No.07

연속흐름반응조에서 바이오필름형태의 탈염소화 미생물에 의한 TCE분해 모니터링

박선화,한경진,홍의전,안홍일,김남희,김현구,김태승,김영,Park, Sunhwa,Han, Kyungjin,Hong, Uijeon,Ahn, Hongil,Kim, Namhee,Kim, Hyunkoo,Kim, Taeseung,Kim, Young 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.5

A 1.28 L-batch reactor and continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) fed with formate and trichloroethene (TCE) were operated for 120 days and 56 days, respectively, to study the effect of formate as electron donor on anaerobic reductive dechlorination (ARD) of TCE to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethylene (ETH). In batch reactor, injected 60 ${\mu}mol$ TCE was completely degraded in the presence of 20% hydrogen gas ($H_2$) in less than 8 days by anaerobic dechlorination mixed-culture (300 mg-soluble protein), Evanite Culture with ability to completely degrade tetrachloroethene (PCE) and -TCE to ETH under anaerobic conditions. Once the formate was used as electron donor instead of hydrogen gas in batch or chemostat system, the TCE-dechlorination rate decreased and acetate production rate increased. It indicates that the concentration of hydrogen produced in both systems is possibly more close to threshold for homoacetogenesis process. Soluble protein concentration of Evanite culture during the batch test increased from 300 mg to 688 mg for 120 days. Through the protein monitoring, we confirmed an increase of microbial population during the reactor operation. In CFSTR test, TCE was fed continuously at 9.9 ppm (75.38 ${\mu}mol/L$) and the influent formate feed concentration increased stepwise from 1.3 mmol/L to 14.3 mmol/L. Injected TCE was accumulated at 18 days of HRT, but TCE was completely degraded at 36 days of HRT without accumulation of the injected-TCE during the left of experiment period, getting $H_2$ from fermentative hydrogen production of injected formate. Although c-DCE was also accumulated for 23 days after beginning of CFSTR operation, it reached steady-state in the presence of excessive formate. We also evaluated microbial dynamic of the culture at different chemical state in the reactor by DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis).