韓國에서의 社會再適應評價尺度에 관한 豫備的 硏究

최태진,강병조 大韓神經精神醫學會 1981 신경정신의학 Vol.20 No.2

For a preliminary study of a social readjustment rating scale for Korea, 623 individuals over 16-years of age were randomly selected and questioned by a paper and pencil method in Taegu area from May 1980 to August 1980. A scale consisting of 54 items was made ranging from the highest score, death of spouse, to the lowest score, change of residence. Of all the differences between this study and the studies in America, it was notable that, in Korea, higher stress scores were given for child care concerns and problems with in-laws, while a lower score for retirement compared with the studies in America. Female showed higher scores than males and responded particularly sensitively on the problems about marriage. The teenage group and unmarried group noted high stress scores on those problems of sex, study, and peer relationship. Finally the author suggested to do further studies in this field comparing the difference of the Eastern and Western cultural climates.

정신분열병 환자에서 Olanzapine이 인지기능에 미치는 영향

강병조,김양태,김문두,이승재,박영우 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.1

Objects : The purpose of this study was to test the effects of olanzapine on cognitive functions in schizophrenic patients. Methods : The subjects were 16 haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients and 15 risperidone-medicated schizophrenic patients, who participated in an eight-week crossover study from haloperidol and risperidone to olanzapine. Results : The patients in the group of crossover from haloperidol to olanzapine showed significant improvement in Parkinson scale of ESRS and other cognitive functions except for verbal fluency. Negative scale of PANSS and cognitive functions such as verbal memory, verbal fluency, visual memory and executive function were significantly improved in patients In the group of crossover from risperidone to olanzapine. Conclusions : These data suggest that olanzapine has some superior cognitive benefits relative to haloperidol and risperidone, but a larger sample replication study is necessary.

Clozapine이 인체내에서 인간조직적합성항원에 미치는 영향

강병조,김문두,곽경필 경북대학교 의학연구소 2000 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.1

The histocompatibillty antigen (human leukocyte antigen : HLA) has been used for organ transplantation, discrimination of one's real children and transfusion, etc. The objective of this study was to find out how dozapine affects HLA class I and II type in the humanbody when therapeutic doses are applied. The subject consists of 3 persons for lass I and class II They were administered for about 3 months with clozapine 157-250mg/day (mean dally dose 200mg). Analysis of HLA lass I type was the microcytotoxicity test of Terasaki and class II type was PCR method of Erhich. The results were as followings: Two of 3 were changed in HLA-A, B, C type. All three were not chanced in HLA-DR type. In conclusion, the short-term application, about 3 months, of therapeutic dose of clozapine is not considered to bring about changes in DNA level.

强迫障碍와 人間組織適合性抗原

秋東鎬,元勝喜,姜秉祚 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.1

A HLA-typing(HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ) was conducted on 35 patients diagnosed as obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD) based on the DSM-Ⅲ-R criteria for a comparison with HLA of the normal controls. The normal controls consisted of 30 healthy medical students for HLA-A, B, C and 136 healthy persons for HLA-DR, DQ. The Tearasaki method was used for HLA-A, B, C and PCR method, for HLA-DR, DQ. The frequencies of HLA for both OCD patients and the normal controls were compared by means of the Gart and Nam statistical analysis method and the P value was corrected by multiplying the tested antigen numbers, to avoid the Type 1 error. When compared with the normal controls, HLA-B(60) was found significantly high in frequencies among OCD patients(p〈0.05), with significantly low levels in HLA-DR(p〈0.01) and DQ(6) (p〈0.0001). The corrected P value found only DQ(6)(0.0005) to be significantly low. This leads DQ(6) to be indicative of the possibility of a genetic marker. A further study, howerever, is required on unmedicated, on a larger pool of subjects.

가족력이 있는 만성정신분열증 환자의 인간조직적합성 항원(HLA)

강헌구,강병조 大韓神經精神醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.6

The authors studied the frequencies of HLA antigens (A,B,C and DR) in 20 chronic schizophrenic patients who had one or more schizophrenic patient(s) among their first degree relatives. The data of these study subjects were compared with those of patient controls and normal controls. The patient controls were composed of 20 chronic schizophrenic patients who had no family history of schizophrenia HLA-A, B, C antigens of normal controls came from 196 healthy Korean volunteers and HLA-DR antigens came from 205 healthy Korean volunteers. The diagnoses of schizophrenics were made according to RDC and Family History-RDC. The results were as follows: 1) The frequencies of B??,B??,DR₃and DR?? antigens were significantly higher in total schizophrnic patients than the control group. 2) The frequencies of A₃,A?? and B??, DR?? antigens were higher in schizophrenic patients with family history than the control group. Especially, the frequency of DR antigen was the highest. 3) The frequencies of B??,C??,DR₂,and DR?? antigens increased significantly in schizophrenic patients without family history. 4) DR?? is the only antigen that showed significantly higher frequency in patients with family history than those without one. 5) Consequently, these results suggest that DR?? locus is probably related to genetic or biological marker of Korean familial chronic schizophrenics

糖尿病 患者의 正神科的 症狀

姜秉祚,朴宗漢,丁海翼,尹榮佶 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1979 慶北醫大誌 Vol.20 No.2

著者들은 1979年 8月에서 11월까지 慶北醫大 附屬病院에 入院한 糖尿病 患者 110名(男=61, 女=49)과 對照群 110名(男=61, 女=49)에게 SCL-90을 使用하여 精神科的 症狀을 比較調査하여 본 結果 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 糖尿病 患者群은 對照群 보다 睡眼障碍, 憂鬱症, 罪意識, 强迫症, 不安症, 身體化의 順으로 有意하게 높았고, 對人 敏感性, 編執症 思考, 恐怖不安, 敵愾心, 죽음에 대한 生覺의 順으로 有意하게 낮았으며, 精神症에서는 아무런 差異도 없었다. 2. SCL-9이 糖尿病을 비롯한 韓國人 精神身體疾患者들의 精神科的 病理所見을 알아내고 다루는데 상당한 價値가 있다고 生覺한다. The present study was conducted to investigate the difference of psychiatric symptoms between 110 diabetic group admitted in Kyungpook National University Hospital and 110 control group by SCL-90 from August, 1979 to November, 1979. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Diabetic patients group has significantly higher levels of sleep disturbance, depression, feelings of guilt, obsessive compulsive, anxiety and somatizatization, but lower levels of interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, phobic anxiety, hostility and thought of death or dying than those levels of contral group. There are no difference between diabetic patients group and control group in psychoticism. The use of this kind of self-administered symptom inventory can be a valuable adjunct to the identification and management of psychiatric pathology in psychosomatic patients such as diabetics in Korea.

정상인의 월경전기증상에 대한 Pyridoxine 과 Lithium의 효과

강병조 大韓神經精神醫學會 1987 신경정신의학 Vol.26 No.4

저자는 1985년 9월부터 12월 까지 ㅇㅇ시에 있는 한 학교 여대생 31명에게 이중검맹법으로 pyridoxine, lithium 그리고 placebo를 투여하여 월경전기증상에 대한 효과를 연구하여 보았다. 월경전기증상은 매일평가서식을 사용하여 투약전 6주간과 투약중 6주간 매일 스스로 기록하게 하였으며, 투약전과 후의 각 증상의변화를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Pyridoxine군과 lithium군은 치료효과는 없이 부종, 피곤, 유방통, 두통, 성욕감퇴의 증상이 유의하게 증가하였으며 lithium이 더욱 심하였다. 한편 placebo군은 오히려 우울감이 유의하게 호전된 결과를 나타내었다. The author carried out a study upon the effects of pyridoxine, lithium and placebo for premenstrual syndrome on 31 college women using the double blind method, from September 1985 to December 1985. Each subject checked her own symptoms on the daily ratings from every day for 6 weeks before and after medication. The author checked changes of symptpms before and after medication. Pyridoxine and lithium groups showed distinct edema, low energy, breast pain, headaches and less sexual interest. On the other hand, placebo group showed improvement of their depressed mood.

인간조직적합성항원의 표현형이 Lithium에 의해 변화될 수 있는가?

강병조,박상운,정태호 대한생물치료정신의학회 1997 생물치료정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

This study was attempted to find out whether HLA type changes would be caused by lithium. Fifteen patients were chosen as subjects(4 males, 11 females). Fifteen completed tests in class I and 8 in class II. Their mean age was 27. For an averaage of 51 days, lithium 600-1200 ㎎/day(mean daily dose: 900㎎) was administered for HLA tests to be compared with the HLA type before the drug was applied. Class I type test was done by Terasaki et al's microcytotoxicity method and class II type by Erhlich et al's polymerase chain reaction method. The results were: Eleven of the 15 subjects had changes in HLA-A, B, C types. Two of the 8 subjects had changes in HLA-DR type. In conclusion, lithium in the therapeutic dose is considered to bring about changes in HLA expressions in as short as 2 months. 목적 : 김문두등(1996)은 haloperidol, lithium 및 amitriptyline이 인체에서 HLA type에 변화를 초래할 수 있다는 보고를 한 바 있다. 그리하여 저자들은 면역계에도 영향을 미치는 백혈구증다증도 가져올 수 있는 lithium이 치료용량으로 인체에서 HLA class I형과 II형에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 좀 더 상세히 알아보고자 본 연구를 시도하였다. 대상 및 방법 : DSM-Ⅳ에 근거하여 양극성 장애 10명, 분열정동장애 3명, 충동조절장애 1명, 행실장애 1명 총 15명이 연구대상이었다. 이들에게 lithium 투약전과, 일일평균 900㎎의 lithium을 평균 51일간 복용시킨후 각각 말초 혈액을 채취하여 HLA형을 비교하였다. HLA classⅠ형은 Terasaki등의 임파구세포상해 시험법, HLA-DR형을 PCR 방법으로 결정하였다. 결과 : classⅠ형은 15명중 11명에서 있던 항원형의 소실이나 새로운 항원형의 출현등 변화가 있었다. classⅡ형인 DR형에서도 8명중 2명에서 항원형의 변화가 있었다. 결론 : lithium을 치료용량으로 약 2개월정도 투여하여도 HLA의 표현형에 변화를 가져올 수 있다고 보여진다.

Mirtazapine의 작용기전과 임상적 효과

강병조 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

Mirtazapine is a Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressant(NaSSA). It enhances noradrenergic transmission by blocking α2-adrenergic autoreceptors. In addition, mirtazapine enhances serotonergic transmission via two synergistic mechanisms : an increase of 5-HT cell firing and blockade of α2-adrenergic heteroreceptors. Mirtazapine specifically enhances 5-HT1-mediated transmission while 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors are blocked by mirtazapine. Mirtazapine has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of moderately and severely depressed patients. Mood improvement with mirtazapine is seen within 1 week of tratment, and therapeutic effects are sustained throughout the treatment period. Because of its unique pharmacological profile, mirtazapine is virtually devoid of antichotinergic, adrenolytic, and serotonin-related side effects. The most frequently reported adverse events were transient sedation and weight gain. The recommended dosing schedule is to start treatment with 15mg/day for 4days, followed by 30mg/day for 10 days. Treatment may continue with the unchanged daily(30mg/day) in patients showing a satisfactory therapeutic response, or it can subsequently be raised to 45mg/day in patients assessed as not sufficiently improved after 14 days.

人格과 人格障碍의 生物學

강병조 대한생물치료정신의학회 1995 생물치료정신의학 Vol.1 No.1

Why as some people optimistic, industrious, outgoing and happy while others are irritable, angry, lazy or demanding? The psychiatrist's explanation for these individual personality differences typically emphasizes life experiences, especially those of early childhood. However, there are not much data to support this point of view. Lately, substantial research data have been supporting the view that biology plays a crucial role in determing personality. Individual differences appear to be related to CNS neurotransmitter function. The sociobiological model and Cloninger's tri-dimensional model are feasible framework precisely because it bridges the gap between theorectical traits, neurotransmitter function and clinical psychiatry. What is clear is that it is no longer tenable to ignore the biological aspects of temperament in psychiatric research and clinical practice. In order for research to proceed beyond this point, a dimensional framework for the classification of human behavior will be needed, along with a search for stable biological data.